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Brigham City is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The population was 17,411 at the 2000 census. By 2004 its estimated population had decreased slightly to 17,149. It is the county seat of Box Elder CountyGR6. It lies on the western slope of the Wellsville Mountains, a branch of the Wasatch Range at the western terminus of Box Elder Canyon. Brigham City saw most of its growth during the 1950s and 1960s, but has seen a struggling economy and stagnating growth since then. It is currently the headquarters of Thiokol, the company that created the solid rocket boosters for the Space Shuttle. Box Elder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area Ranked 13th - Total 84,876 sq mi (219,887 km²) - Width 270 miles (435 km) - Length 350 miles (565 km) - % water 3. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ...
Box Elder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Wasatch Mountains from space. ...
// Recovering from World War II and its aftermath, the economic miracle emerged in West Germany and Italy. ...
The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
A Trident C-4 FBM launches and fires its Thiokol solid rocket first stage Thiokol (variously Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton-Thiokol Inc. ...
The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) is the rocket that provides 83% of liftoff thrust for the Space Shuttle. ...
NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ...
History
Mormon pioneer William Davis first explored the Brigham City area in 1850. He returned with his family and others a year later to create permanent homes. Brigham Young directed Lorenzo Snow to create a self-sufficient city there in 1853. Snow directed both religious and political affairs in the settlement, eventually naming it Box Elder in 1855. Brigham Young gave his last public sermon there in 1877 shortly before his death and the name of the town was changed to Brigham City after the church president. In 1864, the cooperative movement began in earnest with the creation of a mercantile co-op store. Other industries were added, and the Brigham City Co-op is widely recognized as the most successful of the Mormon Co-op ventures. Economic hardships brought an end to the Co-op in 1895, though the Co-op had first started selling businesses off in 1876. Through the Depression, Brigham City remained a typical small, Mormon Utah town. President Snow is buried in the Brigham City Cemetery. Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
See also, Brigham Young University Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 â August 29, 1877) was the second prophet and president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ...
Lorenzo Snow (April 3, 1814 â October 10, 1901) was the fifth President (1898-1901) of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the last president of the 19th century. ...
1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
World War II changed Brigham City's image forever. The federal government created Bushnell General Hospital on Brigham City's south side to treat soldiers wounded in the war. The hospital brought an economic boom to the nearby area. Locals sold supplies and food to the hospital while hospital staff patronized local businesses. After the war, the hospital's buildings were used as Intermountain Indian School. Many young Native Americans attended the boarding school until it closed in 1984, though the Intermountain "I" on the mountain is still visible in tandem with Box Elder High School's "B". The facility has left its mark in a number of other ways. Most of the buildings still stand. Some have been converted into businesses and condos, while others remain empty. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Despite layoffs over the past decade, much of Brigham City's economy still relies on Thiokol, the creator of many missiles, as well as the solid rocket booster for the Space Shuttle. Additionally, the local Autoliv (formerly a part of Thiokol) airbag plants also net Brigham City many jobs. The addition of a WalMart distribution center in nearby Perry has also brought new jobs. A Trident C-4 FBM launches and fires its Thiokol solid rocket first stage Thiokol (variously Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton-Thiokol Inc. ...
NASA Image of the final solid rocket booster (right) being mated to a Delta II rocket (blue). ...
NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ...
Autoliv (NYSE: ALV) is an American company with headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden, that in 1997 sprung from the merger of the Swedish company Autoliv AB and American Morton, Inc. ...
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ...
Perry is a city located in Box Elder County, Utah. ...
Geography Brigham City is located at 41°30′37″N, 112°0′54″W (41.510192, -112.015011)GR1. Image File history File links UTMap-doton-BringhamCity. ...
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.1 km² (14.3 mi²). 37.1 km² (14.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (0.14%) is water. It lies at an elevation of 4,315 feet (1,315 meters). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...
A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â1,609 m) in length. ...
Brigham City lies on the western slopes of the Wellsville Mountains, a branch of the Wasatch Range, at the western end of Box Elder Canyon. Brigham City is generally considered to be the northern end of the Wasatch Front. To the west is a large, flat region of desert scrub, eventually giving way to marshlands on the edge of the Great Salt Lake. Interstates 15 and 84 pass to the west of the city together. U.S. Highway 89 approaches from the south and U.S. Highway 91 comes from I-15/84 to the west. They intersect in the city, climbing through Box Elder Canyon together. Two routes of the Utah Transit Authority's extensive bus system also provide access to Brigham City. The Wasatch Range has prevented the Wasatch Front from expanding eastward. ...
Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere,[1] the fourth largest terminal lake in the world,[2] and the 33rd largest lake on Earth. ...
I-15 redirects here. ...
Columbia River Gorge and I-84 as seen from Crown Point, Oregon Interstate 84 runs from an intersection with Interstate 5 at Portland, Oregon (Map) to an intersection with Interstate 80 (Map) at Echo, Utahâroughly the same route as the Oregon Trail. ...
United States Highway 89 is a north-south United States highway with two branches. ...
United States Highway 91 is a north-south United States highway. ...
UTA bus at a stop The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates a public transportation system throughout the Wasatch Front of Utah. ...
The climate of Brigham City is generally the same as that of the rest of the Wasatch Front. Snow is heavy in winter and precipitation is light, averaging approximately 18 in (45 cm) annually. Summers are hot, but humidity remains low and overnight temperatures are cool. The wettest season is spring, while summer is the driest.
Sites of interest Nearby attractions inclue Golden Spike National Historic Site, which lies northwest of the city near Promontory Summit. Utah State Route 13 heads northwest from Brigham City and turns north at Corinne. However, Utah State Route 83 continues west from there and eventually reaches Lampo Junction, where the turnoff to the historic site is located. The work of art known as the Spiral Jetty lies west-southwest of this site. The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge lies directly west of Brigham City on the northeast side of the Great Salt Lake at the mouth of the Bear River. Golden Spike National Historic Site is a U.S. National Historic Site located at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. ...
Promontory is a location in Box Elder County, Utah, centered approximately at 41°3707N, 112°3251W, with an elevation of 1494 meters (4902 feet) above sea level. ...
Street view in Corinne, Boxelder Co. ...
Spiral Jetty, as seen from Rozel Point Spiral Jetty, considered to be the masterpiece of American sculptor Robert Smithson, is the name of an earthwork sculpture built in 1970. ...
Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere,[1] the fourth largest terminal lake in the world,[2] and the 33rd largest lake on Earth. ...
The Bear River is a river, approximately 350 mi (563 km) long in southwestern Wyoming, southeastern Idaho, and northern United States. ...
Peach Days Peach Days is a celebration that takes place annually in Brigham City. It is a harvest festival filled with celebrations of small-town zeal. Peach days takes place the weekend after labor day weekend. Labour Day (or Labor Day) is an annual holiday that resulted from efforts of the labour union movement, to celebrate the economic and social achievements of workers. ...
Ties to popular culture Was the namesake of American movie director, producer, writer and actor Richard Dutcher's 2001 film Brigham City about murder in a fictitious small Mormon town. Due to geography and population, the movie was actually filmed in Mapleton, Utah. Brigham City the movie This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Brigham City is a 2001 film. ...
The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the most-recognized architectural symbol of Mormonism For other uses, see Mormon (disambiguation). ...
Mapleton is a city located in Utah County, Utah. ...
Demographics As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 17,411 people, 5,526 households, and 4,409 families residing in the city. The population density was 469.8/km² (1,216.4/mi²). There were 5,838 housing units at an average density of 157.5/km² (407.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.26% White, 0.24% African American, 1.63% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 4.07% from other races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.67% of the population. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
Race, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...
There were 5,526 households out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.53. âMatrimonyâ redirects here. ...
In the city the population was spread out with 34.2% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $42,335, and the median income for a family was $46,891. Males had a median income of $39,271 versus $22,061 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,503. About 7.3% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ...
Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...
School There is one high school, one middle school, one intermediate school, and five elementary schools in Brigham City, part of Box Elder School District They are: Main article: Secondary education High school is a name used in some parts of the world, and particularly in North America, to describe the last segment of compulsory education. ...
Middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) covers a period of education that straddles primary education and secondary education, serving as a bridge between the two. ...
Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ...
High School Box Elder High School is known for excellent staff and strong academic programs. Their choral program, led by Claudia Bigler, has won numerous awards and is highly recognized throughout the state. Their history department puts on a Renaissance Feast each April, which raises scholarship funds. The technology-related courses are some of the most advanced in the state. These include: technical drawing (both computer-aided and manual), Executive Office (where students learn office skills in an environment created to simulate the standard "cubicle-farm" type of office), Industrial Electronics, PC Repair and Computer Programming, (which were, until his retirement, the life's work of teacher and amateur radio operator Mirl Hacking). Students at Box Elder have a wide range of extracurricular options available to them, including clubs like Key Club, German Club, and National Honors Society.[citation needed] - Dale Young Community High School grades 10-12
Middle School (grades 8-9) Intermediate School (grades 6-7) - Adele C. Young Intermediate School
Elementary Schools - Bunderson Elementary
- Discovery Elementary
- Foothill Elementary
- Lake View Elementary
- Mountain View Elementary
See also Smiths Food and Drug, commonly called Smiths, is a leading chain of supermarkets in the Intermountain and Southwest regions of the United States. ...
External links | | State of Utah Salt Lake City (capital) | | Topics | Cities | Counties | Flag | Flower | Governors | Portal | Song Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Utah. ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties Libertarian Party State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of...
Official language(s) English Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Area Ranked 13th - Total 84,876 sq mi (219,887 km²) - Width 270 miles (435 km) - Length 350 miles (565 km) - % water 3. ...
Salt Lake City is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ...
Alpine Alta Altamont Alton Amalga American Fork Annabella Antimony Aurora Ballard Bear River City Beaver Bicknell Big Water Blanding Bluffdale Boulder Bountiful Brian Head Brigham City Cannonville Canyon Rim Castle Dale Castle Valley Cedar City Cedar Fort Cedar Hills Centerfield Centerville Charleston Circleville Clarkston Clawson Clearfield Cleveland Clinton Coalville Corinne...
This is a list of counties in Utah. ...
Flag of Utah The flag of Utah was adopted in 1913 and consists of the Utah state seal encircled in a golden circle on a background of navy blue. ...
Genera Calochortus Cardiocrinum Clintonia Erythronium Fritillaria Gagea Korolkowia Lilium Lloydia Nomocharis Notholirion Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Tulipa The Liliaceae, or the Lily Family, is an important family of monocotyledons that includes a great number of ornamental flowers as well as several important agricultural crops; the onion has traditionally been classified here...
List of Utah Governors Heber M. Wells Republican 1896-1905 John C. Cutler Republican 1905-1909 William Spry Republican 1909-1917 Simon Bamberger Democrat 1917-1921 Charles R. Mabey Republican 1921-1925 George H. Dern Democrat 1925-1933 Henry H. Blood Democrat 1933-1941 Herbert B. Maw Democrat 1941-1949...
Utah, This is the Place is the state song of Utah. ...
| | Regions | Cache Valley | Colorado Plateau | Dixie | Great Basin | Great Salt Lake | Great Salt Lake Desert | Mojave Desert | Monument Valley | Uinta Mountains | Wasatch Back | Wasatch Front | Wasatch Range This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ...
Cache Valley is a broad arid agricultural valley in northern Utah and southern Idaho in the United States. ...
The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ...
Dixie is the nickname for southwestern Utah. ...
Drainage map showing the Great Basin in orange Various Definitions of the Great Basin (NPS) The Great Basin is a large, arid region of the western United States. ...
Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere,[1] the fourth largest terminal lake in the world,[2] and the 33rd largest lake on Earth. ...
The Great Salt Lake Desert is a large playa in northern Utah, located west of the Great Salt Lake. ...
Looking across from Emigrant Pass towards the Kingston Range in the eastern Mojave. ...
Monument Valley from the valley floor. ...
This view of Kings Peak and the Henrys Fork Basin shows the cliff bands and basins typical throughout the Uintas. ...
The Wasatch Back is an area in the U.S. state of Utah located east of the Wasatch Front. ...
The Wasatch Range has prevented the Wasatch Front from expanding eastward. ...
Wasatch Mountains from space. ...
| Largest Cities | American Fork | Bountiful | Clearfield | Cottonwood Heights | Draper | Layton | Lehi | Logan | Midvale | Murray | Pleasant Grove | Ogden | Orem | Provo | Riverton | Roy | Spanish Fork | Salt Lake City | St. George | Sandy | South Jordan | Taylorsville | Tooele | West Jordan | West Valley City Alpine Alta Altamont Alton Amalga American Fork Annabella Antimony Aurora Ballard Bear River City Beaver Bicknell Big Water Blanding Bluffdale Boulder Bountiful Brian Head Brigham City Cannonville Canyon Rim Castle Dale Castle Valley Cedar City Cedar Fort Cedar Hills Centerfield Centerville Charleston Circleville Clarkston Clawson Clearfield Cleveland Clinton Coalville Corinne...
American Fork is a city located in Utah County, Utah, USA, at the foot of Mount Timpanogos in the Wasatch Range. ...
Looking toward Bountiful from the Wasatch Mountains that rise above it. ...
Clearfield is a city located in Davis County, Utah. ...
Cottonwood Heights is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah along the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley. ...
Draper is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah. ...
Layton is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. ...
Lehi is a city located in Utah County, Utah. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Midvale is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah. ...
Murray is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. ...
Pleasant Grove is a city located in Utah County, Utah. ...
Ogden sign over Washington Boulevard at the Ogden River; toward downtown Overlooking Ogdens George S. Eccles Dinosaur Park Ogden is the county seat of Weber County,GR6 Utah, United States. ...
Orem is an incorporated city in the north-central part of the state of Utah in Utah County. ...
Panoramic view of Provo Provo is a city in Utah and the county seat of Utah County, located about 50 miles south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front. ...
Riverton is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah. ...
Roy is a city located in Weber County, Utah. ...
Spanish Fork is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. ...
Salt Lake City is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Palm Trees dot the landscape of St. ...
A view of the Wasatch Mountains from a Sandy neighborhood. ...
South Jordan Towne Center South Jordan is a city in Salt Lake County in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Taylorsville is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah. ...
Tooele is a city located in Tooele County in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Jordan Landing West Jordan is a city located in Salt Lake County, Utah and part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. ...
West Valley City is a city in Salt Lake County in the state of Utah. ...
| | Counties | Beaver | Box Elder | Cache | Carbon | Daggett | Davis | Duchesne | Emery | Garfield | Grand | Iron | Juab | Kane | Millard | Morgan | Piute | Rich | Salt Lake | San Juan | Sanpete | Sevier | Summit | Tooele | Uintah | Utah | Wasatch | Washington | Wayne | Weber This is a list of the counties of Utah by population as of 2005, according to the 2004 Census estimates taken by the United States Census Bureau. ...
Beaver County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Box Elder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Cache County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah, comprising the Cache Valley, up to the Idaho border, and the surrounding mountains. ...
Carbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Daggett County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Davis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Duchesne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Emery County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Garfield County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Grand County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Iron County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Juab County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Kane County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Millard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Morgan County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Piute County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Rich County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Salt Lake County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
San Juan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Sanpete County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Sevier County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Summit County is a county located in the state of Utah, occupying a rugged and mountainous area. ...
Tooele County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Uintah County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Utah County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Wasatch County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. ...
Wayne County is a county located in the state of Utah. ...
Weber County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah, occupying a stretch of the Wasatch Front, part of the eastern shores of Great Salt Lake, and much of the rugged Wasatch Mountains. ...
| | Attractions | Arches National Park | Bonneville Salt Flats | Bryce Canyon National Park | Canyonlands National Park | Capitol Reef National Park | Great Salt Lake | Ski Areas | Sundance Film Festival | Temple Square | Utah Shakespearean Festival | Zion National Park A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ...
Arches National Park preserves over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch, in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations. ...
Bonneville Salt Flats The Bonneville Salt Flats are a 121 km² (47 mi²) salt flat in northwestern Utah. ...
Bryce Canyon National Park Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. ...
Canyonlands National Park, located near Moab, Utah and the Arches National Park, was designated as a National Park on September 12, 1964. ...
Capitol Reef National Park is a United States National Park, in south-central Utah. ...
Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere,[1] the fourth largest terminal lake in the world,[2] and the 33rd largest lake on Earth. ...
This is a list of ski areas around the world. ...
The Sundance Film Festival is a film festival in the United States, and ranks alongside the Cannes, France, Moscow, Russia, Venice, Italy, Berlin, Germany, and Toronto, Canada festivals as one of the most prestigious in the world. ...
This photo of Temple Square, circa 1897, shows that the plot housed the tallest buildings in Salt Lake City at the time, namely the Salt Lake Temple, Tabernacle and Assembly Hall. ...
The Utah Shakespearean Festival is a festival of repertory productions of the works of William Shakespeare and other dramatists. ...
Zion National Park is a United States National Park located near Springdale, Utah in the Southwestern United States. ...
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