Rolls-Royce Pegasus

Rolls-Royce Pegasus

This engine should not be confused with the older Bristol Pegasus radial piston engine Rolls-Royce Pegasus The Arnold Engineering Development Center Web site is provided as a public service by the U.S. Air Force’s Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Arnold Air Force Base, Tenn. ... Rolls-Royce Pegasus The Arnold Engineering Development Center Web site is provided as a public service by the U.S. Air Force’s Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Arnold Air Force Base, Tenn. ... Bristol Pegasus piston engine The Pegasus was a 9 cylinder one_row radial aircraft engine designed as the follow-on to the Bristol Aeroplane Companys very successful Bristol Jupiter, following lessons learned in the Mercury effort. ...

The Rolls Royce Pegasus is a turbofan engine originally designed by Bristol (hence the name from Greek mythology) and now manufactured by Rolls-Royce plc. Schematic diagram of high-bypass turbofan engine CFM56-3 turbofan, lower half, side view. ... Bristol Aeroplane Company logo The Bristol Aeroplane Company (formerly British and Colonial Aeroplane Company) was a major British aircraft company which, in 1959, merged with several major British aircraft companies, to become the British Aircraft Corporation and later still part of British Aerospace, now BAE Systems. ... The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and their own cult and ritual practices. ... Rolls-Royce plc is a British aircraft engine maker; the second-largest in the world, behind General Electric Aviation. ...

The unique Pegasus engine powers all versions of the Hawker Siddeley Harrier multi-role military aircraft. Rolls-Royce licenced Pratt & Whitney to build the Pegasus for US built versions. The Pratt & Whitney version is designated F402, and although manufactured by Pratt & Whitney uses "RR" as the manufacturer code. The Pegasus has also been the planned engine for a number of aircraft projects, among which were the prototypes of the German Dornier Do 31 VSTOL military transport project. See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... Military aircraft are airplanes used in warfare. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ... The Dornier Do31 was a German VTOL transport aircraft by Dornier. ...

Design

The Pegasus vectored-thrust turbofan is a two-shaft design featuring three low pressure (LP) and eight high pressure (HP) compressor stages driven by two LP and two HP turbine stages respectively. Unusually the LP and HP spools rotate in opposite directions to greatly reduce the gyroscopic effects which would otherwise hamper low speed handling. The engine employs a simple thrust vectoring system that uses four swivelling nozzles, giving the Harrier thrust both for lift and forward propulsion, allowing for STOVL flight. The front two nozzles are fed with air from the LP compressor, the rear with hot (650^oC) jet exhaust. It was critical that the nozzles rotate together. This was achieved by using a pair of air motors fed from the HP (high pressure) compressor, in a fail over configuration, pairs of nozzles connected with, surprisingly, motor-cycle chains. A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... STOVL is an acronym for Short Take Off and Vertical Landing. ...

The Pegasus was also the first turbofan engine to have the initial compressor fan, the zeroth stage, ahead of the front bearing. This eliminated radial struts and the icing hazard they represent. Also inlet guide vanes were not used in contrast to contemporary practise; it was found that they were not beneficial as was thought.

To date, more than 1,200 engines have been produced and almost two million operating hours have been logged with the Harriers of the Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps and the navies of India, Italy, Spain and Thailand. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ...

The engine is mounted in the centre of the Harrier and as such it is necessary to remove the wing to change the powerplant having already sat the fuselage on trestles; the whole change took a minimum of eight hours.[1]

History

Bristol Engine Company began work on the BE.53 Pegasus in 1958. The engine was designed in tandem with the prototype of the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the Hawker P.1127, which first flew in 1960. It was developed from the Bristol Orpheus, overseen by Stanley Hooker. The low pressure stages came from the Bristol Olympus engine. Production and development of the Pegasus was continued by Rolls-Royce when it acquired Bristol in 1966. a related engine design, the 39,500 lbf (with reheat) Bristol Siddeley BS100 for a supersonic VTOl fighter (Hawker Siddeley P.1154) was not developed to production as the aircraft project was cancelled. Bristol Aeroplane Company logo The Bristol Aeroplane Company (formerly British and Colonial Aeroplane Company) was a major British aircraft company which, in 1959, merged with several major British aircraft companies, to become the British Aircraft Corporation and later still part of British Aerospace, now BAE Systems. ... The Hawker P.1127 was the development aircraft that led to the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first VTOL jet fighter bomber. ... The Bristol Orpheus was a single spool turbojet developed by Bristol Aero Engines for various light fighter/trainer applications such as the Gnat and the Fiat G91Y. Later, the Orpheus formed the core of the first Pegasus vectored thrust turbofan. ... Sir Stanley Hooker Sir Stanley George Hooker (b. ... Rolls-Royce Olympus 593 The Olympus is a high-powered axial-flow turbojet, originally developed at Bristol Aero Engines, later passed to Bristol Siddeley, and finally to Rolls-Royce. ... For other uses of afterburner, see Afterburner (disambiguation). ... The Bristol Siddeley BS100 was a two-spool, vectored thrust, turbofan, similar in general arrangement to that of the Pegasus, but with the addition of Plenum Chamber Burning (PCB), to enable the P1154 VSTOL fighter to accelerate to supersonic speed. ... The Hawker Siddeley P.1154 was a supersonic VSTOL fighter aircraft being developed as a follow on to the subsonic Hawker P.1127/Kestrel, but the project was cancelled in 1965. ...

RAF Harrier GR7

Harrier GR-7. ... Harrier GR-7. ...

Variants

Pegasus 2

Otherwise known as the BE53-3, used in the P.1127, 11,500 lbf

Pegasus 5

Or BS.53-5 (Bristol-Siddely 53-3). Used for the H-S Kestrel evaluation aircraft. 15,000 lbf

Pegasus 10

For first Harriers, 20,500 lbf, entering service in 1971.

Pegasus 11

The Pegasus 11 powered the first generation Harriers, the RAF's Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.3, the USMC AV-8A and later the Royal Navy's Sea Harrier. The Pegasus 11 produced 21,000 lbf (93.4 kN) and entered service in 1974. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Pegasus 11-21/Mk.105/Mk.106

The 11-21 was developed for the second generation Harriers, the USMC AV-8B and the RAF Harrier IIs. The original model provided an extra 450 lbf (2 kN). The RAF Harriers entered service with the 11-21 Mk.105 which generates 21,500 lbf (96 kN). The Mk.106 development was produced for the Sea Harrier FA2 upgrade and generates 21,750 lbf (97 kN). See also Hawker Siddeley Harrier The Harrier II is a second generation, vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) light_attack jet aircraft used by the United States Marine Corps, Royal Air Force, Spanish Armada and Italian navy. ... The BAE Systems/Boeing Harrier II (GR5/GR7/GR9 series) is a second generation vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) jet aircraft used by the Royal Air Force (RAF). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Royal Navy Sea Harrier FA2

The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Download high resolution version (487x612, 30 KB)Harrier FA2 The photos on this site are the property of BAE SYSTEMS (Copyright© 2004 BAE SYSTEMS. All rights reserved) and are made available for publishing and personal use. ...

Pegasus 11-61/Mk.107

The 11-61 is the latest and most powerful version of the Pegasus, providing 23,800 lbf (106 kN). This equates to up to 15 percent more thrust at high ambient temperatures, allowing upgraded Harriers to return to an aircraft carrier without having to dump any unused weapons which along with the reduced maintenance reduces total cost of engine use. Room temperature, in laboratory reports, is taken to be roughly 21–23 degrees Celsius (68–72 degrees Fahrenheit), or 294–296 kelvins. ... Four aircraft carriers, (front-to-back) Principe de Asturias, amphibious assault carrier USS Wasp, supercarrier USS Forrestal and light V/STOL carrier HMS Invincible, showing size differences. ...

This latest Pegasus has also enabled a highly effective radar equipped version of the AV-8 Harrier II to be introduced. This version, the Harrier II+, combines the proven advantages of day and night STOVL operations with an advanced radar system and beyond-visual-range missiles. The RAF is in the process of upgrading its GR7 fleet to GR9 standard. Part of this process is the upgrade of the Mk.105 engines to Mk.107 standard. These aircraft will be known as GR7As and GR9As. The Boeing/BAE Systems AV-8B Harrier II is a family of second-generation vertical/short takeoff and landing or V/STOL jet mullti-role aircraft of the late 20th century. ... This long range Radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll[1]. Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine and map the location, direction, and/or speed... Exocet missile in flight A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a projectile propelled as a weapon at a target. ...

Future STOVL powerplants

Rolls-Royce's experience in STOVL flight through the Pegasus has allowed it to play a leading role in the propulsion of the next generation STOVL aircraft, the F-35. Whether powered by the Pratt & Whitney F135 or the GE/RR F136, significant workshare rests with the UK based company. Whatever powerplant is selected for STOVL variants they will both employ the Rolls-Royce LiftSystem ® which incorporates: The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is a fighter plane currently in early development by Lockheed Martin (with partners Northrop Grumman and BAE SYSTEMS.) The primary customers are the United States armed forces and the United Kingdom (RN and RAF), but the Netherlands... The F135 afterburning turbofan is the primary powerplant for the advanced, single-engine tactical F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, being developed by Lockheed Martin. ... The General Electric/Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team is developing the F136 advanced fighter engine designed specifically for the Joint Strike Fighter. ...

• Rolls Royce LiftFan ®
• Engine to fan driveshaft
• 3 Bearing swivel module (thrust vectoring)
• Roll posts

The engine delivers 18,000 lbf (80 kN), the LiftFan 20,000 lbf (89 kN) cold thrust and the roll posts 1,950 lbf (9 kN) each for a sum of 39,950 lbf (178 kN) for the entire system. This compares with the a maximum thrust of 23,800 lbf (106 kN) for the Harrier's Rolls-Royce Pegasus engine.

References

• Not Much of an Engineer, Sir Stanley Hooker, Airlife Publishing, ISBN 0-906393-35-3
• Rolls-Royce

External links

• Harrier.org.uk Pegaus engine variants

See also

• Bristol Siddeley BS100
• Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 - planned VSTOL transport with 4 Pegasus engines in wing pods.