This article is about the disagreement and different views on using the term "British Isles", particularly in relation to Ireland. For the confusion between different geopolitical terminology within the British Isles, see British Isles (terminology). There is dispute and disagreement over the term British Isles. The term is defined in dictionaries as "Great Britain and Ireland and adjacent islands".[1] However, the association of the term "British" with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,[2] as well as its association with the island of Great Britain, cause the term to be regarded as objectionable or inappropriate to many people in the Republic of Ireland and in the nationalist community in Northern Ireland when it is used to include the island of Ireland.[3] Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ...
Location of the British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands off the north west coast of continental Europe comprising Great Britain, Ireland and a number of smaller islands. ...
. For the disagreement and different views on using the term British Isles, particularly in relation to Ireland, see British Isles naming dispute. ...
Location of the British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands off the north west coast of continental Europe comprising Great Britain, Ireland and a number of smaller islands. ...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent...
Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
The dispute is partly semantic: to British readers the term is a value-free geographic one,[citation needed] to Irish readers the term is a value-laden political one.[citation needed] In general, semantics (from the Greek semantikos, or significant meaning, derived from sema, sign) is the study of meaning, in some sense of that term. ...
Loaded words are words or phrases which have strong emotional overtones or connotations and which evoke strongly positive (or negative) reactions far beyond the specific meaning of the word which is listed in the dictionary. ...
Loaded words are words or phrases which have strong emotional overtones or connotations and which evoke strongly positive (or negative) reactions far beyond the specific meaning of the word which is listed in the dictionary. ...
The fact that the British Isles in general coincided with the geographic area of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801—1922), from which most of Ireland seceded/became independent in 1922, is also highly relevant. The island of Ireland is currently occupied by two states; the Republic of Ireland occupies five sixths of the island and Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, occupies the remaining sixth. Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right1 Anthem God Save the King (Queen) Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English2 Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch - 1801–1820 George III - 1820–1830 George IV - 1830–1837 William IV - 1837–1901...
Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
No branch of the government of the Republic of Ireland officially uses the term,[4] and although it is on occasion used in a geographical sense in Irish parliamentary debates, it is often used in a way that excludes the Republic of Ireland. A spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London has said use of the term would be discouraged.[5] This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
The term "British Isles" is sometimes used in the same way as British Islands by major media institutions.[6]. This definition, excluding the Republic of Ireland, does not typically cause offence in Ireland but can be confusing as dictionary definitions have not yet recognised this usage. Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the term British Islands refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the...
Perspectives in Britain
In general, the use of the term British Isles to refer to the archipelago has been common and uncontroversial within Great Britain, at least since the concept of "Britishness" was gradually but widely accepted in Britain after the 1707 Act of Union. [7] In Britain it is commonly understood as being a politically neutral geographical term, although the term is sometimes used to describe the UK or Great Britain alone. [8][9][10][11][12]
In modern times it is more common to use "British" in relation to the United Kingdom or Great Britain and "Irish" in relation to the island of Ireland or to the Republic of Ireland.[dubious — see talk page] Both "British" and "Irish" are used in Northern Ireland. (see below) Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
The problem with the term "British Isles" in relation to Ireland is increasingly recognised in books and other media in the UK and its use has been increasingly avoided. Many recent histories of Great Britain and Ireland, published by major British academic publishers like the Oxford and Cambridge University presses, have discussed how the term "British Isles" is no longer generally acceptable in Ireland, although some [13] continued to use the term "for convenience".
Recognition of the Irish problems with the term, as well as problems over definitions and terminology was also discussed by the columnist Marcel Berlins, writing in The Guardian in 2006. Starting by saying "At last, someone has had the sense to abolish the British Isles", he gives his opinion that "although purely a geographical definition, it is frequently mixed up with the political entities Great Britain, or the United Kingdom. Even when used geographically, its exact scope is widely misunderstood". He also acknowledges that some people view the term as representing Britain's colonial past, when it ruled the whole of Ireland. [14] Marcel Berlins is a legal commentator who is best known for his weekly column in the Guardiannewspaper. ...
The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...
Perspectives in Ireland The perspective in Ireland is often quite different to the view in Britain.
From that Irish perspective the term British had never applied to Ireland until the late 16th century and onwards, a period that coincided with the Tudor conquest of Ireland, the subsequent Cromwellian activities in Ireland, then the Williamite accession in Britain and the Williamite War in Ireland, all of which resulted in severe impact on Irish people, landowners and native aristocracy, e.g. the Flight of the Earls and the Flight of the Wild Geese. From that perspective the term "British Isles" is not a neutral geographical description but is an unavoidably political term. For the context of this war see Jacobitism and Glorious Revolution. ...
In September 1607, Hugh ONeill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone and Rory ODonnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell set sail from Rathmullan, a village on the shore of Lough Swilly in County Donegal, with ninety of their followers. ...
The Flight of the Wild Geese refers to the departure of an Irish army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield from Ireland to France, as agreed in the Treaty of Limerick on October 3, 1691, following the Williamite war in Ireland with the Jacobites. ...
Use of the name "British Isles" is often rejected in the Republic of Ireland and amongst Irish Nationalists in Northern Ireland because its use implies a primacy of British identity over all of the islands, including the sovereign state of the Republic of Ireland as well as the Isle of Man and the United Kingdom, and many feel that the term does not apply to Ireland since secession/independence from the United Kingdom in 1922.[15][16][17][18]
Many bodies, including the Irish Government, avoid describing the Republic of Ireland as being part of the British Isles. The term "British Isles" is occasionally used at governmental level in Ireland, as when a cabinet minister, Síle de Valera, delivered a speech containing the term in 2002, although this was contrary to stated government policy.[19] British Isles has been used in a geographical sense in Irish parliamentary debates, including by government ministers [20][21], although it is often used in a way that defines the British Isles as excluding the Republic of Ireland. [22][23][24][25] SÃle de Valera (pronounced ) (born December 17, 1954), is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. ...
In October 2006, Irish educational publisher Folens announced that it was removing the term British Isles from its popular school atlas from January 2007.[26] [27]. This attracted some press attention, primarily in Great Britain and Ireland, during which a spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London said "The British Isles has a dated ring to it, as if we are still part of the Empire" [28].
Different views on terminology are probably most clearly seen within Northern Ireland, where the political situation is difficult and national identity is contested. A survey in Northern Ireland found that unionists generally considered the British Isles to be a natural geographical entity, considering themselves primarily British with a supplementary Irish identity. Another survey highlighted the British and Irish identity of the Protestant community, showing that 51% of Protestants felt "Not at all Irish" and 41% only "weakly Irish"[29] [30] In contrast, nationalists considered their community to be that of the Irish nation as a distinct cultural and political community extending across the whole of Ireland. Identities were diverse and multi-layered and Irishness was a highly contested identity, and nationalists expressed difficulty in understanding unionist descriptions of Britishness.[31] Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
Unionism, in the context of Ireland, is a belief in the continuation of the Act of Union 1800 (as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920) so that Northern Ireland (created by the 1920 Act) remains part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ...
Irish nationalism refers to political movements that desire greater autonomy or the independence of Ireland from Great Britain. ...
The overall opinions of people in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland about the term have never been formally gauged. Politicians from the Irish Unionist and Northern Ireland Unionist traditions do readily use the term "British Isles"[32][33] The contrast between Unionist and Nationalist approaches to the term was shown in December 1999 at a meeting of the Irish cabinet and Northern Ireland executive in Armagh. The First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, told the meeting In the Irish context, Unionists form a group of largely (though not exclusively) Protestant people in Ireland, of all social classes, who wish to see the continuation of the 1801 Act of Union, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which the Northern Ireland provincial state created...
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP, sometimes referred to as the Official Unionist Party or OUP) is a political party in Northern Ireland representing the unionist community, and was the party of government in Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. ...
WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ...
The First Minister of Northern Ireland (Ulster Scots: Heid Männystèr o Norlin Airlann) and the Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (Ulster Scots: Heid Männystèr Depute o Norlin Airlann) are the leaders of the Northern Ireland Executive, Northern Irelands home rule government set up in...
| “ | This represents the Irish government coming back into a relationship with the rest of the British Isles. We are ending the cold war that has divided not just Ireland but the British Isles. That division is now going to be transformed into a situation where all parts work together again in a way that respects each other.[34] | ” | In contrast, the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, did not use the term in his address to the meeting.[35] Patrick Bartholomew Ahern (known as Bertie Ahern, Irish: ; born 12 September 1951 in Dublin) is an Irish politician. ...
At a gathering of the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Body (15th plenary session, in 1998), the sensitivity about the term became an issue. Referring to a plan for a "Council of the Isles" which was being supported by both Nationalists and Unionists, British MP for Falkirk West Dennis Canavan was paraphrased by official note takers as having said in a caveat: The British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Body (BIIPB) was established in 1990 to bring together 25 members of the United Kingdom Parliament and 25 members of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament) to develop understanding between elected representatives of the UK and Ireland . ...
Dennis Canavan (born 1942) is a Scottish politician, and an indepedent member of the Scottish Parliament. ...
Caveat, the third-person singular present subjunctive of the Latin cavere, means warning (or more literally, let him beware); it can be shorthand for Latin phrases such as Caveat lector Caveat emptor Caveat venditor More narrowly, caveat can also refer to CAVEAT, a Canadian lobby group; The Paulette Caveat about...
| “ | He understood that the concept of a Council of the Isles had been put forward by the Ulster Unionists and was referred to as a "Council for the British Isles" by David Trimble. This would cause offence to Irish colleagues; he suggested as an acronym IONA-Islands of the North Atlantic.[36] | ” | In a series of documents issued by the United Kingdom and Ireland, from the Downing Street Declaration to the Good Friday Agreement (Belfast Agreement), relations in the British Isles were referred to as the East-West strand of the tripartite relationships defined.[37] The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP, sometimes referred to as the Official Unionist Party or OUP) is a political party in Northern Ireland representing the unionist community, and was the party of government in Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. ...
The Lord Trimble William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944), known as David Trimble, is a Northern Irish politician who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the first First Minister of Northern Ireland. ...
The Downing Street Declaration was a joint declaration issued on December 15, 1993 by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, John Major and Albert Reynolds, the Taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic of Ireland. ...
The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was signed in Belfast on April 10, 1998 by the British and Irish Governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. ...
Alternative terms There are several terms that are used as alternatives for the term British Isles.
Sometimes, an ambiguous phrase such as "these Isles" or "the Isles" is used, thus utilising the same logic used when referring to the Persian Gulf as "the Gulf". "These Islands" was used in Strand Three of the Good Friday Agreement to establish the British-Irish Council, and has been described as the favoured term of Irish politicians.[38] Map of the Persian Gulf. ...
The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was signed in Belfast on April 10, 1998 by the British and Irish Governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. ...
The British–Irish Council (sometimes known as the Council of the Isles) is a body created by the Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement). ...
Probably the most common alternative term in modern usage is "Great Britain and Ireland", or more simply, "Britain and Ireland". This is very common and almost entirely uncontroversial, although it may be felt to neglect smaller islands in the archipelago and is ambiguous concerning the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The Union Flag, in its modern form, was first adopted in 1801. ...
This article is about the British dependencies. ...
Although considerably less common another term that is sometimes used is British Isles and Ireland. Similar to "Great Britain and Ireland", this has been used in a variety of areas; among others religion,[39] nursing,[40] zoological publications,[41] academia,[42] and other sources. This form of title is also used in some book titles[43] and in various legal publications.[44] This usage, however, implies that Northern Ireland is not part of the British Isles, which causes problems in itself.
Some live UK television shows such as the X Factor allow voting from the Republic of Ireland and hold auditions in Dublin, and use terminology such as "UK and Ireland" on voting lines. This is also common for copyright notices on DVDs and CDs. UK TV weather forecasts continue to show the British Isles area opposed to cutting the Republic of Ireland out, although the weather for the Republic is rarely mentioned explicitly. In the Republic of Ireland, weather forecasts typically show the islands of Ireland. X-Factor was a Marvel comic book series, published from 1985 until 1998. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
In the context of the Northern Ireland peace process the term Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA), a term initially created by then Conservative Party MP Sir John Biggs-Davison,[45] has been used as a neutral term to describe the "British Isles", but in a wider context the term might be misunderstood as including Iceland, Greenland, the Azores and other islands. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...
Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA) was suggested by Sir John Biggs-Davison as a less contentious alternative to the term British Isles to refer to Britain and Ireland and the smaller associated islands. ...
The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and is the second oldest extant political party in the world. ...
Sir John Alec Biggs-Davison (born 7 June 1918, died 17 September 1988) was a Conservative Member of Parliament for Chigwell from 1955 and then, after boundary changes in 1974, Epping Forest until his death. ...
Motto (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem (national) (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do HeroÃsmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region - President Carlos César Establishment - Settled 1439 - Autonomy 1976 Area - Total 2,333 km² (n/a) 911 sq mi...
IONA has been used by among others the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern. The Taoiseach (IPA: or ) — plural: Taoisigh ( or ), also referred to as An Taoiseach[1], is the head of government of Ireland or prime minister. ...
Patrick Bartholomew Ahern (known as Bertie Ahern, Irish: ; born 12 September 1951 in Dublin) is an Irish politician. ...
| “ | The Government are, of course, conscious of the emphasis that is laid on the East-West dimension by Unionists, and we are, ourselves, very mindful of the unique relationships that exist within these islands — islands of the North Atlantic or IONA as some have termed them.[46] | ” | It has also been adopted by the British National Party, in their 'Project-IONA', [47] an attempt to make a collection of the cultural artefacts of the islands. [48] The party does, however, use the term British Isles elsewhere; for example in their declared wish for a return of "Éire as well as Ulster as equal partners in[to] a federation of the nations of the British Isles" [49] The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right political party in the United Kingdom. ...
Others have interpreted the term more narrowly to mean the Council of the Isles or British-Irish Council. Peter Luff MP told the British House of Commons in 1998 that The British–Irish Council (sometimes known as the Council of the Isles) is a body created by the Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement). ...
Peter James Luff (born 18 February 1955) is a British politician. ...
A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...
| “ | In the same context, there will be a council of the isles. I think that some people are calling it IONA — the islands of the north Atlantic, from which England, by definition, will be excluded.[50] | ” | His interpretation, as Ahern's comment earlier shows, is not widely held, particularly in Ireland, where IONA is seen as a parallel to either the British Islands or the British Isles. In 1997 the leader of the Green Party, Trevor Sargent, discussing the Strand Three (or East-West) talks between the Republic and the United Kingdom, commented in Dáil Éireann: The Green Party (Irish: ) is a green political party in Ireland. ...
Trevor Sargent (born July 1960) is a senior Irish politician. ...
This article is about the current Irish body. ...
| “ | I noted with interest the naming of the islands of the north Atlantic under the acronym IONA which the Green Party felt was extremely appropriate.[51] | ” | His comments were echoed by Proinsias De Rossa, then leader of Democratic Left and later President of the Irish Labour Party when both parties merged, who told the Dáil "The acronym IONA is a useful way of addressing the coming together of these two islands."[52] Image:Derossa. ...
Democratic Left is the name of a number of political parties: In Ecuador, Democratic Left led by Guillermo Landazuri. ...
Logo of the Irish Labour Party The Irish Labour Party (Irish: Páirti an Lucht Oibre) is the third largest political party in the Republic of Ireland. ...
Anglo-Celtic Isles has been used in academia for the isles.[53][54] This reflects the supposed ethnic make up of the islands of the 'Celtic' peoples — the Irish, Manx, Scottish, Cornish and Welsh — and the 'Anglo-Saxon' peoples, the English. This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ...
This article concerns those peoples who consider themselves, or have been considered by others, to be Celts in modern times. ...
“Scot†redirects here. ...
The Cornish people are a British ethnic group originating in Cornwall. ...
The Welsh are, according to Hastings (1997), an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language, which is a Celtic language. ...
The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ...
This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ...
The 'Celtica' often refered to by political Celticists such as the Celtic League, which includes all of the islands and Brittany in Western France (excluding England and the Channel Islands), is one of the many cultural-political ways of interpreting a future for the geographical region. If highly fanciful, it is not without romantic merit. The Celtic League can refer to either: A league of professional Rugby Union clubs involving teams from Ireland, Scotland and Wales. ...
The British government currently uses British Islands (as defined in the Interpretation Act, 1978) to refer to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the Channel Islands; and the Isle of Man. Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the term British Islands refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent...
Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies. ...
A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff. ...
Capital St Anne Status Part of Guernsey, Crown dependency of the UK Official language(s) English Head of Government Sir Norman Browse Population 2,400 Currency Pound sterling (GBP). ...
This article is about the island. ...
Flag of Sark The location of the Channel Islands in Europe An aerial view of Sark Sark (French: Sercq; Sercquiais: Sèr) is a small island in the English Channel. ...
This article is about the British dependencies. ...
Some academics in the 1990s and early 2000s also used the term northwest European archipelago.[55] Usage however appears sporadic in historiography and rarely repeated outside it, to date.
The name the West European Isles is one translation of the islands' name in Irish[56] and Manx Gaelic.[57]—but explicit "British Isle" terms also exist in Irish[58] and Manx[59]. A somewhat similar usage exists in Iceland. "Westman" is the Icelandic name for a person from Ireland or Britain and "Western Lands" is the translation of the name for these islands in Icelandic.[60] Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ...
A return to Pytheas's original term, Pretanic Isles (or Pretannic Isles) has been suggested sporadically and has seen some usage in academic contexts, particularly in reference to the islands in a pre-Roman context. [61] Pytheas (ΠυθÎας(Pitheas), ca. ...
Footnotes - ^ Definitions from Dictionary.com
- ^ Walter, Bronwen (2000). Outsiders Inside: Whiteness, Place, and Irish Women. New York: Routledge, p. 107. “A refusal to sever ties incorporating the whole island of Ireland into the British state is unthinkingly demonstrated in naming and mapping behaviour. This is most obvious in continued reference to 'the British Isles'.”
- ^ An Irishman's Diary Myers, Kevin; The Irish Times (subscription needed) 09/03/2000, Accessed July 2006 'millions of people from these islands - oh how angry we get when people call them the British Isles'
- ^ "Written Answers - Official Terms", Dáil Éireann - Volume 606 - 28 September, 2005. In his response, the Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs stated that "The British Isles is not an officially recognised term in any legal or inter-governmental sense. It is without any official status. The Government, including the Department of Foreign Affairs, does not use this term. Our officials in the Embassy of Ireland, London, continue to monitor the media in Britain for any abuse of the official terms as set out in the Constitution of Ireland and in legislation. These include the name of the State, the President, Taoiseach and others."
- ^ Sharrock, David. "New atlas lets Ireland slip shackles of Britain", The Times, News International, 2006-10-03. Retrieved on 2007-01-06. “A spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London said: 'The British Isles has a dated ring to it, as if we are still part of the Empire. We are independent, we are not part of Britain, not even in geographical terms. We would discourage its useage.'” [spelling "useage" is from the original article]
- ^ For example, see Google searches of the BBC website.
- ^ For example, its use can be seen at A Reading University Meteorological Study, and regularly in the The Guardian newspaper November 9 2006, November, November
- ^ "[1] Website on Megalithic Monuments in the British Isles and Ireland. Ireland in this site includes Fermanagh, which is politically in Northern Ireland."
- ^ "[2] The website uses the term "British Isles" in various ways, including ways that use Ireland as all of Ireland, while simultaneously using the term "The British Isles and Ireland", e.g. 'Anyone using GENUKI should remember that its name is somewhat misleading -- the website actually covers the British Isles and Ireland, rather than just the United Kingdom, and therefore includes information about the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, as well as England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.'"
- ^ "[3] Guide to Narrow Gauge rail in the British Isles and Ireland which includes Belfast lines under the section on Ireland."
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/britain_01.shtml British Weather (Part One)] This BBC article referred to 'a small country such as the British Isles' between at least April 2004 and January 2007 (checked using the Wayback Machine at http://web.archive.org. Last accessed and checked 01/01/07. It was changed in February 2007 and now reads 'a small area such as the British Isles'
- ^ For example, see Google searches of the BBC website.
- ^ Dawson, Jane E.A. (2002). The Politics of Religion in the Age of Mary, Queen of Scots: The Earl of Argyll and the Struggle for Britain and Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2. " Whilst accurate, the term 'Atlantic archipelago' is rather cumbersome so, for convenience, I have used the following as virtual synonyms: the islands of Britain; these islands; the British Isles, and the adjective, British. Without intending to imply any hidden imperial or other agenda, they describe the kingdoms of Ireland, Scotland, and England and Wales as they existed in the sixteenth century, following the definition of the British Isles in the Oxford English Dictionary: 'a geographical term for the islands comprising Great Britain and Ireland with all their offshore islands including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands'."
- ^ [4] Is it really so morally objectionable for the father of a murder victim to accept £450,000 'blood money'? The Guardian, October 4 2006.
- ^ The readers' editor of The Guardian, Ian Mayes, noted indirect reports of concerns. "Where are we?", The Guardian, August 11, 2001.
- ^ On 18 July 2004 The Sunday Business Post questioned the use of British Isles as a purely geographic expression, noting:
[The] "Last Post has redoubled its efforts to re-educate those labouring under the misconception that Ireland is really just British. When British Retail Week magazine last week reported that a retailer was to make its British Isles debut in Dublin, we were puzzled. Is not Dublin the capital of the Republic of Ireland?...Archipelago of islands lying off the north-western coast of Europe? The Irish Times is Irelands newspaper of record, launched in the late 1850s. ...
This article is about the current Irish body. ...
The Taoiseach (IPA: or ) — plural: Taoisigh ( or ), also referred to as An Taoiseach[1], is the head of government of Ireland or prime minister. ...
The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ...
News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 359 days (360 in leap years) remaining. ...
The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...
The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...
August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ...
Retrieved 17 July 2006 - ^ Norman Davies, op.cit p.xxii.
- ^ "Irish Genealogical Sources No. 25 - History of the Royal Hibernian Military School, Dublin" uses the term "then British Isles" to refer to Ireland's relationship association with it prior to 1922.
- ^ Speech by Síle de Valera, T.D., Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands at the opening of the Clare Drama Festival in Scarriff Community College. Retrieved on 2006-08-25.
- ^ Response by the Minister for Health and Children to a question in Parliament
- ^ Official Report of the Parliament of Ireland. [5], [6]PDF (346 KiB), [7]PDF (914 KiB), [8]PDF (883 KiB), [9]PDF (938 KiB), [10]PDF (798 KiB), [11]PDF (389 KiB)
- ^ http://debates.oireachtas.ie/DDebate.aspx?F=EDJ20051117.xml&Node=73
- ^ http://www.gov.ie/oireachtas/Committees-29th-D%E1il/jcmnr-debates/jcmnr120303.rtf
- ^ http://www.gov.ie/oireachtas/Committees-29th-D%E1il/jcaf-debates/JAF230903.rtf
- ^ http://www.gov.ie/oireachtas/Committees-29th-D%E1il/jcesb-debates/jesb10703.rtf
- ^ Áine Kerr,"Folens to wipe 'British Isles' off the map in new atlas", Irish Times, 2 October 2006
- ^ Details of current editions of Folens atlases: Primary Post-primary
- ^ "New atlas lets Ireland slip shackles of Britain". A spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London said: “The British Isles has a dated ring to it, as if we are still part of the Empire. We are independent, we are not part of Britain, not even in geographical terms. We would discourage its useage [sic].”
- ^ Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999. Module:Community Relations. Variable:IRISH.
- ^ Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey. Module:Community Relations. Variable:BRITISH. Summary: 78% of Protestants replied "Strongly British."
- ^ CAIN: Democratic Dialogue: With all due respect - pluralism and parity of esteem (Report No. 7) by Tom Hennessey and Robin Wilson, Democratic Dialogue (1997)
- ^ Speech by Rt. Hon. David Trimble to the Northern Ireland Forum Retrieved 16 July 2006.
- ^ Speech by Mr. David Trimble to the AGM of the Ulster Unionist Council, 20 March 1999. Retrieved 16 July 2006.
- ^ The Irish Independent. 14 December 1999. Retrieved 16 July 2006.
- ^ ibid.
- ^ British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Body. 15th Plenary Session. 30 March 1998.
- ^ Three sets of relationships were defined. (i) Within Northern Ireland. (ii) North-South for the relationship between Northern Ireland and the Republic, and (iii) East-West for relationships on the islands.
- ^ in Linnean, Hugh; 'The Islands in the Stream'; The Irish Times; July 15, 2006'
- ^ Prayer Association of British Isles and Ireland.
- ^ Macey & Morgan, Learning on the road: nursing in the British Isles and Ireland (Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 1988)
- ^ Badham, M., and Richards, V. (1991). Gibbon Regional Studbook: British Isles and Ireland, 13th Edition, Twycross Zoo, East Midland Zoological Society, Twycross.
- ^ FOLK 547 640 Folklore of the British Isles and Ireland. A course in the University of Pennsylvania; British archaeology
- ^ For example, P. North, The Private International Law of Matrimonial Causes in the British Isles and the Republic of Ireland (1977).
- ^ See "Law Society Gazette", Law Society of Ireland, July 2001.<!
- ^ Open Republic. Retrieved 5 July 2006.
- ^ Statement by the Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fail, Mr Bertie Ahern, TD on "Northern Ireland:Political Situation and Developments" at the Forty-Second Plenary Session of the Forum for Peace and Reconciliation, Dublin Castle, Friday, 5 December, 1997.
- ^ Project IONA launch British National Party, Accessed October 2006
- ^ Project IONA Accessed October 2006
- ^ NORTHERN IRELAND - an end to sectarianism! British National Party, Accessed October 2006
- ^ House of Commons. Vol.304. Col.663. 16 January 1998.
- ^ Dáil Debates. Vol.484. Col.466. 9 December 1997.
- ^ [http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0484/D.0484.199712090003.html Dáil Debates. Vol 484. Col.466. 9 December 1997.
- ^ Dolley, Michael). R A Hall ed. "The Anglo-Danish and Anglo-Norse coinages of York". Viking Age York and the North; CBA Research Report No 27, pp. 26-31, Council for British Archaeology. Retrieved on.
- ^ The British-Irish Council is a...potential shift of the geopolitical centre of gravity of the Anglo-Celtic isles Harvey, David C.; Rhys Jones, Neil Mcinroy, Christine Milligan (2001). Celtic Geographies: Old Culture, New Times. New York: Routledge, p. 241.
- ^ David Armitage, "Greater Britain: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis?" in American Historical Review, Vol. 104, No. 2 (Apr., 1999) p.427.
- ^ "Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa" seems rather appropriate, in Patrick Dinneen. 1927. Irish–English Dictionary. Dublin: Irish Texts Society
- ^ "Ellanyn Sheear ny hOarpey" in Douglas C. Fargher. 1979. Fargher's English-Manx dictionary. Douglas: Shearwater Press.
- ^ "Na hOileáin Bhreatanacha", in T. J. Dunne, tr. Toirdhealbhach Ó Raithbheartaigh. 1937. Tír-Eóluíocht na h-Éireann. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig Díolta Foillseacháin Rialtais
- ^ "Ny hEllanyn Goaldagh" s.v. British-Isles, in Douglas C. Fargher. 1979. Fargher's English-Manx dictionary. Douglas: Shearwater Press.
- ^ "Vest-madr", "Vestr-lond" R Cleasby & G. Vigfusson Icelandic - English Dictionary Oxford 1874
- ^ Google search for term "Pretanic Isles" and "Pretannic Isles"
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