There are several broadcast television systems in use in the world today. An analogue television system includes several components: a set of technical parameters for the broadcast signal, a system for encoding color, and possibly a system for encoding multi-channel audio. In digital television, all of these elements are combined in a single digital transmission system. Analog television encodes picture information by varying the voltages and/or frequency of the signal. ... The word encoding has a number of meanings. ... Digital television (DTV) is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analog signals in analog (traditional) TV. It uses digital modulation data, which is digitally compressed and requires decoding by a specially designed television set or a standard...

Analogue television systems

All analogue television systems began life in monochrome. Each country, faced with local political, technical, and economic issues, adopted a color system which was effectively grafted on to an existing monochrome system, using gaps in the video spectrum (explained below) to allow the color information to fit in the channels allotted. In theory, any color system could be used with any monochrome video system, but in practice some of the original monochrome systems proved impractical to adapt to color and were abandoned when the switch to color broadcasting was made. All countries use one of three color systems: NTSC, PAL, or SECAM. NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... PAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for sequential colour with memory) is an analog color television system first used in France. ...

Frames

Ignoring color, all television systems work in essentially the same manner. The monochrome image seen by a camera (now, the luminance component of a color image) is divided into horizontal scan lines, some number of which make up a single image or frame. A monochrome image is theoretically continuous, and thus unlimited in horizontal resolution, but to make television practical a limit had to be placed on the bandwidth of the television signal, which puts an ultimate limit on the horizontal resolution possible. When color was introduced, this limit of necessity became fixed. All current analogue television systems are interlaced; that is to say, alternate rows of the frame are transmitted in sequence, followed by the remaining rows in their sequence. Each half of the frame is called a field, and the rate at which fields are transmitted is one of the fundamental parameters of a video system. Usually it is closely related to the frequency at which the electric power grid operates, to avoid the appearance of a flicker resulting from the beat between the television screen and nearby electric lights. As applied to analog television signals, two different words are used, luminance and luma, meaning two different things. ... Bandwidth is a measure of frequency range, measured in hertz, of a function of a frequency variable. ... Interlacing is a method of displaying images on a raster-scanned display device, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference between the two frequencies. ...

In systems that use a 50 field / 25 frame rate, movies and other filmed material shot at 24 frames per second must be transferred to video at 25 frame/s in order to prevent severe motion jitter effects. The resulting increase in speed is usually not noticeable to the eye, but there is also a distinct increase in the pitch of the soundtrack, although nowadays this is sometimes corrected using digital technology. Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... Soundtrack refers to the recorded sound accompanying a visual medium such as a motion picture, television show, or video game. ...

Viewing technology

Since television was originally implemented using cathode-ray tubes (CRT), the physics of these devices necessarily intrudes on the format of the video they can be used to display. The image on a CRT is painted by a moving beam of electrons which hits a phosphor coating on the front of the tube. This electron beam is steered by a magnetic field generated by powerful electromagnets close to the source of the electron beam. The cathode ray tube or CRT, invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun, is the display device used in most computer displays, video monitors, televisions and oscilloscopes. ... A phosphor is a substance that can exhibit the phenomenon of fluorescence (glowing during absorption of radiation of another kind) or phosphorescence (sustained glowing without further stimulus). ... An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by a flow of electric current. ...

In order to reorient this magnetic steering mechanism, a certain amount of time is required due to the inductance of the magnets; the greater the change, the greater the time it takes for the electron beam to settle in the new spot. Inductance (or electric inductance) is a measure of the amount of magnetic flux produced for a given electric current. ...

For this reason, it is necessary to shut off the electron beam (corresponding to a video signal of zero luminance) during the time it takes to reorient the beam from the end of one line to the beginning of the next (horizontal retrace) and from the bottom of the screen to the top (vertical retrace or vertical blanking interval). The horizontal retrace is accounted for in the time allotted to each scan line, but the vertical retrace is accounted for as phantom lines which are never displayed but which are included in the number of lines per frame defined for each video system. Since the electron beam must be turned off in any case, the result is gaps in the television signal, which can be used to transmit other information, such as test signals or color identification signals. The vertical blanking interval (VBI) is an interval in a television or VDU signal that temporarily suspends transmission of the signal for the electron gun to move back up to the first line of the television screen to trace the next screen field. ...

The temporal gaps translate into a comb-like frequency spectrum for the signal, where the teeth are spaced at line frequency and concentrate most of the energy; the space between the teeth can be used to insert a color subcarrier. Familiar concepts associated with a frequency are colors, musical notes, radio/TV channels, and even the regular rotation of the earth. ...

Hidden signalling

Broadcasters later developed mechanisms to transmit digital information on the phantom lines, used mostly for teletext and closed captioning: A BBC Ceefax page from the 10th September 1999. ... A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ...

• PAL-Plus uses a hidden signalling scheme to indicate if it exists, and if so what operational mode it is in.
• NTSC has an anti-ghosting signal that is inserted on a non-visible scan line.
• Teletext uses hidden signalling to transmit information pages.
• NTSC Closed Captioning signalling uses signalling that is nearly identical to teletext signalling.

PALplus is an extension of the PAL analogue broadcasting system for transmitting 16:9 programs with improved vertical resolution. ... In television technology, widescreen signaling (WSS) is a digital stream embedded in the TV signal describing qualities of the broadcast, in particular the intended aspect ratio of the image. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... Ghost-canceling reference, or GCR, is a special sub-signal on a television channel that receivers can use to attenuate the ghosting effect of a television signal split into multiple paths between transmitter and receiver. ... A BBC Ceefax page from the 10th September 1999. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ... A BBC Ceefax page from the 10th September 1999. ...

Overscan

Television images are unique in that they must incorporate regions of the picture with reasonable-quality content, that will never be seen by some viewers.

For more information, see overscan in television. This concept is analogous to producing widescreen content that will be cropped for some viewers who don't have widescreen. Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Interlacing

In the PAL standard the odd (upper) field is drawn first and the even (lower) field second. In the NTSC standard, the even (lower) field is drawn first and the odd (upper) field second oppposite to PAL. PAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ...

Image polarity

Another parameter of analogue television systems, minor by comparison, is the choice of whether vision modulation is positive or negative.

• In positive modulation, the maximum luminance value is represented by the maximum electrical signal; in negative modulation, the maximum luminance value is represented by a zero electrical signal.
• Most video systems were defined to use negative modulation to reduce the appearance of noise, on the theory that dark spots in the image would be less noticeable than bright white spots in the image, given a particularly common sort of noise.

Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal, typically a sinusoidal signal, in order to use that signal to convey information. ...

Modulation

Given all of these parameters, the result is a mostly-continuous analogue signal which can be modulated onto a radio-frequency carrier and transmitted through an antenna. All analogue television systems use vestigial sideband modulation, a form of amplitude modulation in which the lower sideband is incompletely suppressed. This provides a small guard band between the actual video carrier and the bottom frequency in the channel, which helps to reduce interference between transmitters on adjoining channels at a receiver which receives strong signals from both. At the time television was developed, the vestigial sideband was easier to accomplish than true single-sideband modulation; with today's technology, there is no reason for it except to be compatible with existing technology. Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is a refinement of the technique of amplitude modulation designed to be more efficient in its use of electrical power and bandwidth. ... Amplitude modulation (AM) is a form of modulation in which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in direct proportion to that of a modulating signal. ... Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is a refinement of the technique of amplitude modulation designed to be more efficient in its use of electrical power and bandwidth. ...

Audio

In analogue television, the sound portion of a broadcast is invariably modulated separately from the video. Most commonly, the audio and video are combined at the transmitter before being presented to the antenna, but in some cases separate aural and visual antennas can be used. In almost all cases, standard wideband frequency modulation is used for the standard monaural audio; the exception is systems used by France, which are AM. Stereo, or more generally multi-channel, audio is encoded using a number of schemes which (except in the French systems) are independent of the video system. The principal systems are NICAM, which uses a digital audio encoding; double-FM (known under a variety of names, notably Zweikanalton, A2 Stereo, West German Stereo, German Stereo or IGR Stereo), in which case each audio channel is separately modulated in FM and added to the broadcast signal; and BTSC (also known as MTS), which multiplexes additional audio channels on the existing FM audio carrier. All three systems are compatible with monaural FM audio, but only NICAM may be used with the French AM audio systems. Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ... Monaural (often shortened to mono) sound reproduction is single-channel. ... NICAM (known also as NICAM 728, after the 728 kbit/s bitstream it is sent over), Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex, is a format for digital sound over television. ... Multichannel television sound, better known as MTS (often still as BTSC, for the Broadcast Television Systems Committee that created it), is the method of encoding three additional channels of audio into an NTSC-format audio carrier. ... MTS may stand for: Machine and Tractor Station, in the Soviet Union Manitoba Telecom Services Manual Tone Shift Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, colloquially known as the Telematico, the main Eurozone government bond electronic trading system Metre-tonne-second system of units, more commonly written mts Michigan Terminal System, a... NICAM (known also as NICAM 728, after the 728 kbit/s bitstream it is sent over), Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex, is a format for digital sound over television. ...

Evolution

For historical reasons, many countries use a different video system on UHF than they do on the VHF bands. In a few countries, most notably the United Kingdom, television broadcasting on VHF has been entirely shut down. Note that the British system A, unlike all the other systems, suppressed the upper sideband rather than the lower — befitting its status as the oldest operating television system to survive into the colour era. System A was tested with all three colour systems, and production equipment was designed and ready to be built; system A might have survived, as NTSC-A, had the British government not decided to harmonize with the rest of Europe on a 625-line video standard, implemented in Britain as PAL-I on UHF only. Ultra high frequency (UHF) designates a range (band) of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is between 300 MHz and 3. ... Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. ...

The French system E was a post-war effort to advance France's standing in television technology. Its 819 scan lines were almost high definition even by today's standards. Like the British system A it was VHF only and remained black & white until its shutdown in the 1980s. It was tested with SECAM in the early stages, but later the decision was made to adopt colour in 625 lines. Thus France adopted system L on UHF only and abandoned system E. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

In some urban areas of Germany, notably in and around Berlin and some other major cities, all analogue TV broadcasting has been shut down in 2003–2005 in favour of reallocating the frequencies to digital broadcasting in the DVB-T standard. See http://www.ueberallfernsehen.de/ for a map of coverage areas and near-future switchovers. Analogue signals are still on air in the non-coloured areas of the map. The rest of the country is scheduled to follow suit by 2010. There is legislation requiring a similar shift in the United States, though the date is still uncertain. Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ... For the film, see 2010: The Year We Make Contact. ...

Analog television systems

Pre World War II systems

A number of experimental and broadcast pre WW2 systems were tested. The first ones were mechanical based and of very low resolution, some times with no sound. Latter TV systems were electronic.

• The UK 405 line system was the first to have an allocated ITU System Letter Designation.

See: television systems before 1940 A number of experimental and broadcast pre WW2 systems were tested. ...

ITU identification scheme

On an international conference in Stockholm in 1961, the International Telecommunications Union has defined an identification scheme for broadcast television systems. Each monochrome system is assigned a letter designation (A-M); in combination with a color system (NTSC, PAL, SECAM), this completely specifies all of the monaural analogue television systems in the world (for example, PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc).   (IPA: ; UN/LOCODE: SE STO) is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of the Swedish head of state, King Carl XVI Gustaf. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ...

The following table gives the principal characteristics of each system. Most values are measured in MHz.

• Also see: television channel frequencies

Table notes The following tables show the frequencies assigned to broadcast television channels in various regions of the world, along with the ITU letter designator for the system used. ... 405 line is the name of a monochrome analogue television broadcasting system in operation in the UK between 1936 and 1985, and also used for some time in Ireland and Hong Kong. ... 405 line is the name of a monochrome analogue television broadcasting system in operation in the UK between 1936 and 1985, and also used for some time in Ireland and Hong Kong. ... 405 line is the name of a monochrome analogue television broadcasting system in operation in the UK between 1936 and 1985, and also used for some time in Ireland and Hong Kong. ... PRC redirects here. ... High-definition television (HDTV) means broadcast of television signals with a higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL) allow. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all South Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... The French Overseas Departments and Territories (often abbreviated DOM-TOM for départements doutre-mer, territoires doutre-mer) consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of Europe. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... World map depicting Caribbean: West Indies redirects here. ...

• TV systems no longer in use are shown in grey text.
• In the PAL and NTSC standards, the lower (even) field is always drawn first.

PAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ...

Digital television systems

The situation with worldwide digital television is much simpler by comparison. Most current digital television systems are based on the MPEG-2 multiplexed data stream standard, and use the MPEG-2 video codec. They differ significantly in the details of how the MPEG stream is converted into a broadcast signal, in the video format prior to encoding (or alternately, after decoding), and in the audio format. This has not prevented the creation of an international standard that includes both major systems, even though they are incompatible in almost every respect. MPEG-2 is the designation for a group of coding and compression standards for Audio and Video (AV), agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), and published as the ISO/IEC 13818 international standard. ... A Codec is a device or program capable of performing encoding and decoding on a digital data stream or signal. ... The Moving Picture Experts Group or MPEG is a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards. ...

The two principal digital broadcasting systems are ATSC, developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee and adopted as a standard in the United States and Canada, and DVB-T, the Digital Video Broadcast — Terrestrial system used in most of the rest of the world. DVB-T was designed for format compatibility with existing direct broadcast satellite services in Europe (which use the DVB-S standard), and there is also a DVB-C version for cable television. While the ATSC standard also includes support for satellite and cable television systems, operators of those systems have chosen other technologies (principally DVB-S for satellite and DVB-C for cable). Japan uses a third system, closely related to DVB-T, called ISDB-T. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is the group that helped to develop the new digital television standard for the United States, also adopted by Canada, Mexico, and South Korea and being considered by other countries. ... The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is the group that helped to develop the new digital television standard for the United States, also adopted by Canada, Mexico and South Korea and being considered by other countries. ... DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ... DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ... Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception, also refered to as direct-to-home signals. ... DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for digital television maintained by the DVB Project, an industry consortium with more than 300 members, and published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC... DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for digital television maintained by the DVB Project, an industry consortium with more than 300 members, and published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC... Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format. ...

System details

ATSC

The ATSC system uses a Zenith-developed modulation called 8-VSB; as the name implies, it is a vestigial sideband technique. Essentially, analogue VSB is to regular amplitude modulation as 8-VSB is to eight-way quadrature amplitude modulation. This system was chosen specifically to provide for maximum spectral compatibility between existing analogue TV and new digital stations in the United States' already-crowded television allocations system. After demodulation and error-correction, the 8-VSB modulation supports a digital data stream of about 19.2 Mbit/s, enough for one high-definition video stream or several "standard-definition" services. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is the group that helped to develop the new digital television standard for the United States, also adopted by Canada, Mexico, and South Korea and being considered by other countries. ... Zenith Electronics Corporation is a manufacturer of televisions in the USA. It was the inventor of the modern remote control, and it introduced HDTV in North America. ... 8VSB is the 8-level vestigial sideband modulation method adopted for ATSC standard of digital television in the USA. There are also the similar modulations 2VSB, 4VSB, and 16VSB. There has been a continuing lobby for changing the modulation for ATSC to COFDM instead, the way DVB_T is transmitted in... QAM redirects here; for other uses of that abbreviation, see QAM (disambiguation). ...

DVB-T

DVB-T uses coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM), which uses as many as 8000 independent carriers, each transmitting data at a comparatively low rate. This system was designed to provide superior immunity from multipath interference, and has a choice of system variants which allow data rates from 4 MBit/s up to 24 MBit/s. One U.S. broadcaster, Sinclair Communications, petitioned the Federal Communications Commission to permit the use of COFDM instead of 8-VSB, on the theory that this would improve prospects for digital TV reception by households without outside antennas (a majority in the U.S.), but this request was denied. (However, one U.S. digital station, WNYE-DT in New York, was temporarily converted to COFDM modulation on an emergency basis for datacasting information to emergency services personnel in lower Manhattan in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks.) DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ... Orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM, also called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is a technique for the modulation of digital information onto an analog carrier electromagnetic (e. ... Multipath interference is a phenomenon in the physics of waves whereby a wave from a source travels to a detector via two or more paths and, under the right condition, the two (or more) components of the wave interfere. ... The FCCs official seal. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Datacasting is the broadcasting of data over a wide area via radio waves. ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly targeting civilians, carried out on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. ...

DVB-S

DVB-S is the original Digital Video Broadcasting forward error coding and modulation standard for satellite television and dates from 1995. It is used via satellites serving every continent of the world, this is even true in North America. DVB-S is used in both MCPC and SCPC modes for broadcast network feeds, as well as for direct broadcast satellite services like Sky TV (UK) via Astra in Europe, Dish Network in the U.S., and Bell ExpressVu in Canada. The transport stream delivered by DVB-S is mandated as MPEG-2. DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for digital television maintained by the DVB Project, an industry consortium with more than 300 members, and published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC... Artists impression of a Boeing 601 satellite, as configured for digital television transmission by SES Astra Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... This article needs more context around or a better explanation of technical details to make it more accessible to general readers and technical readers outside the specialty, without removing technical details. ... Single channel per carrier (SCPC) refers to using a single signal at a given frequency and bandwidth. ... A broadcast network is an organization, such as a corporation or other association, that provides live or recorded content, such as movies, newscasts, sports, and public affairs programs for broadcast over a television station. ... Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception, also refered to as direct-to-home signals. ... SES Astra SA, a subsidiary of SES Global, is a Luxembourg-based corporation which owns and operates the Astra series of geostationary satellites, which transmit approximately 1100 analogue and digital television and radio channels via 176 transponders to 91 million households across Europe. ... DISH Network is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service that provides satellite television and audio programming to households and businesses in the United States, owned by parent company EchoStar Communications Corporation (NASDAQ: DISH). ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... Bell ExpressVu is the division of Bell Canada that sells digital television services in Canada. ... Streaming media are media that are consumed (read, heard, viewed) while it is being delivered. ...

DVB-C

DVB-C stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital television over cable. This system transmits an MPEG-2 family digital audio/video stream, using a QAM modulation with channel coding. Official DVB logo, found on compliant devices DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for digital television maintained by the DVB Project, an industry consortium with more than 270 members, and published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of European Telecommunications Standards Institute... Digital television (DTV) is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analog signals in analog (traditional) TV. It uses digital modulation data, which is digitally compressed and requires decoding by a specially designed television set or a standard... Radio-grade flexible coaxial cable. ... MPEG-2 is the designation for a group of coding and compression standards for Audio and Video (AV), agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), and published as the ISO/IEC 13818 international standard. ... QAM is a TLA that may stand for: Quadrature amplitude modulation Quality Assurance Management (qam. ... In digital telecommunications, channel coding is a pre-transmission mapping applied to a digital signal or data file, usually designed to make error-correction possible. ...

ISDB

The ISDB system differ mainly in the modulations used, due to the requirements of different frequency bands. The 12 GHz band ISDB-S uses PSK modulation, 2.6 GHz band digital sound broadcasting uses CDM and ISDB-T (in VHF and/or UHF band) uses COFDM with PSK/QAM. It is used mainly in Japan. Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format. ...

See Also

Transmission technology standards

• Lists of television channels for lists by country and language.
• Television channel frequencies
• Display resolution

Defunct analog systems The lists of television channels are grouped by name, country or language: // Lists of television channels by continent List of television channels in Europe List of television channels in Africa List of the Caribbean television stations List of East Asia television stations (excl. ... The following tables show the frequencies assigned to broadcast television channels in various regions of the world, along with the ITU letter designator for the system used. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ...

• 405 lines
• 819 lines
• MUSE an Analog_high-definition_television_system still in use in Japan until 2007.

Analog television systems 405 line is the name of a monochrome analogue television broadcasting system in operation in the UK between 1936 and 1985, and also used for some time in Ireland and Hong Kong. ... Historically, the term high-definition television was first used to refer to television standards developed in the 1930s to replace early experimental systems with as few as 12 lines. ... In Greek mythology, the Muses (Greek Μουσαι, Mousai : from a root meaning mountain) are nine goddesses who embody the right evocation of myth, inspired through remembered and improvised song and traditional music and dances. ... Historically, the term high-definition television was first used to refer to television standards developed in the 1930s to replace early experimental systems with as few as 12 lines. ...

• NTSC (525/60) except PAL-M (525/50)
• NTSC-US a North American NTSC designator (marketing related)
• PAL-M (television)
• PAL (625/50) except PAL-M (525/50)
• PALplus
• SECAM

Analog television system audio NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... NTSC-US is a videogame territory which covers the North American continent. ... PAL-M is the TV system used in Brazil. ... PAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... PALplus is an extension of the PAL analogue broadcasting system for transmitting 16:9 programs with improved vertical resolution. ... SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for sequential colour with memory) is an analog color television system first used in France. ...

• NICAM (digital, analog pre-emphasis curve)
• BTSC
• Zweiton
• The defunct MUSE system had a very unusual digital audio subsystem completly unrelated to NICAM.

Digital televison systems NICAM (known also as NICAM 728, after the 728 kbit/s bitstream it is sent over), Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex, is a format for digital sound over television. ... Multichannel television sound, better known as MTS (often still as BTSC, for the Broadcast Television Systems Committee that created it), is the method of encoding three additional channels of audio into an NTSC-format audio carrier. ... Zweiton (two sounds) is a two-channel television sound transmission system used in Germany and other countries. ... In Greek mythology, the Muses (Greek Μουσαι, Mousai : from a root meaning mountain) are nine goddesses who embody the right evocation of myth, inspired through remembered and improvised song and traditional music and dances. ... NICAM (known also as NICAM 728, after the 728 kbit/s bitstream it is sent over), Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex, is a format for digital sound over television. ...

• HDTV systems all use MPEG transmisson technolgy
  • ATSC will replace NTSC
  • ATSC tuner
  • DVB-T will replace PAL, PALplus and SECAM
  • ISDB will replace NTSC and the analog MUSE 1125 line system

History High-definition television (HDTV) means broadcast of television signals with a higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL) allow. ... The Moving Picture Experts Group or MPEG is a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards. ... The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is the group that helped to develop the new digital television standard for the United States, also adopted by Canada, Mexico, and South Korea and being considered by other countries. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... Advance Television Systems Committe (ATSC) tuner allows reception of over the air high definition digital television signals in North America and South Korea. ... DVB-T stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. ... PAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... PALplus is an extension of the PAL analogue broadcasting system for transmitting 16:9 programs with improved vertical resolution. ... SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for sequential colour with memory) is an analog color television system first used in France. ... Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... In Greek mythology, the Muses (Greek Μουσαι, Mousai : from a root meaning mountain) are nine goddesses who embody the right evocation of myth, inspired through remembered and improvised song and traditional music and dances. ...

• Oldest television station
• Television systems before 1940

// The title of Oldest Television Station is a controversial one, but can be assumed from several in Europe (particularly of England and Germany), and in the United States. ... A number of experimental and broadcast pre WW2 systems were tested. ...

References

• Characteristics of television systems. International Telecommunication Union, ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-2.

Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ...

External links

• "World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms"
• Table of World Voltage, Frequency (Hertz) and Broadcasting System by Country
• "Analog TV Broadcast Systems"
• Broadcast television systems of countries and territories compared worldwide
• European Television Stations in 1932