NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Broadmoor Hospital

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Broadmoor Hospital is a high security psychiatric hospital at Crowthorne in Berkshire, England. It is the best known of the three high-security psychiatric hospitals in England, the other two being Ashworth and Rampton. Scotland has a similar institution, located at Carstairs, officially known as The State Hospital; also called Carstairs Hospital. A psychiatric hospital (also called, at various places and times, mental hospital or mental ward, historically often asylum, lunatic asylum, or madhouse), is a hospital specialising in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... Crowthorne is also a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa Crowthorne is a small town and civil parish in the Bracknell Forest district of south-eastern Berkshire. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Map sources for Ashworth Hospital at grid reference SD397030 Ashworth Hospital is a high-security institution in the town of Maghull, a suburb of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. ... Rampton Secure Hospital is a high secure psychiatric hospital in the village of Woodbeck between Retford and Rampton in Nottinghamshire, England. ...

The Broadmoor complex houses about 260 patients all of whom are men since the female service closed in September 2007, with most of the women moving to a new service in Ealing, a few moving to the national high secure service for women at Rampton and a small number transferring elsewhere. At any one time there are also approximately 36 patients on trial leave at other units. Most of the patients there suffer from severe mental illness. Many of the patients also have personality disorders. Most have either been convicted of serious crimes, or been found unfit to plead in a trial for such crimes. The average stay is about 8 years. Personality disorder, formerly referred to as a Characterological disorder is a class of mental disorders characterized by rigid and on-going patterns of thought and action. ...

The catchment area for the hospital has recently undergone some rationalization of the London area and now serves all of the NHS Regions: London, Eastern, South East, South West.

One of the therapies available is the arts, and patients are encouraged to participate in the Koestler Awards Scheme.^[1]

History

Previously known as the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane, the change of name reflects a change in attitude to mental illness and criminals, and usage of the word "asylum".

The hospital was built in 1863 to a design by Sir Joshua Jebb, and covers 210,000 square metres (53 acres) within its secure perimeter. Sir Joshua Jebb (1793-1863) was the British Surveyor-General of convict prisons. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...

Due to the potentially violent nature of some of the patients the hospital has an alarm system, which is activated if any dangerous patient escapes to alert people in the vicinity—including those in the surrounding towns of Sandhurst, Wokingham, Bracknell and Bagshot. This alarm system is based on World War II air-raid sirens, and a two-tone alarm sounds across the whole area in the event of an escape. The system is tested every Monday morning at 10:00AM for two minutes, after which a single tone 'all-clear' is sounded for a further two minutes. During the early 1990s at least one nearby school maintained, and on occasion used, procedures designed to ensure, in the event of a Broadmoor escape, that no child was ever out of the direct supervision of a member of staff. For other uses, see Sandhurst (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Wokingham (borough) be merged into this article or section. ... Charles Square, Bracknell , Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of the English county of Berkshire. ... Bagshot may refer to: Bagshot, a place in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. ...

As well as providing patient care Broadmoor is also a centre for training and research.

Following the Peter Fallon QC inquiry into Ashworth Special Hospital, which found (amongst other things) serious concerns about security and abuses that came about from poor management, it was decided to review the security at all three special hospitals. This review was made the personal responsibility of Sir Alan Langlands who at the time was Chief Executive of the National Health Service. Up until this time, each special hospital was responsible for drawing up its own security policies. The report which came out of the review initiated a new partnership to be formed whereby the Department of Health sets out a policy of safety and security directions that all three special hospitals need to adhere to. These directions are then updated or modified when it is seen fit to do so. This has resulted in a costly upgrade in the physical security at Broadmoor from what was approximately category 'C' to category 'B' prison standards. Higher levels of security than this are then placed around certain buildings. Up until then, it had been anathema to think of enclosing the mentally ill behind razor wire and thereby reinforcing the stigma against them. Also, new standards have been formulated to increase procedural security and safety for the staff and other patients; this includes procedures and equipment for reducing the amount of contraband smuggled into the hospital. Sir Alan Langlands FRSE is principal and vice chancellor of the University of Dundee and former chief executive of the NHS executive in England. ...

Governance

The previous Broadmoor Hospital Authority was dissolved on 31 March 2001.^[2] Then on the 1st of April 2001 West London Mental Health (NHS) Trust took over the resposibility for this hospital. This Trust reports to the NHS Executive through the London Strategic Health Authority. is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The West London Mental Healthcare NHS Trust (WLMHT) was established 1st October 2000. ... The National Health Service Executive (NHS Executive) is an integral part of the Department of Health. ... A Strategic Health Authorities or SHA is part of the structure of the NHS. England is split into 28 Strategic Health Authorities, set up in 2002. ...

Current research

A new unit called the Paddock Centre was opened on the 12th December 2005 to treat patients with a dangerous severe personality disorder (DSPD).^[3] This is a new and much debated diagnosis or label, that is comprised of two criteria: firstly that the individual be 'dangerous', i.e. that they are considered to be or represent a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public. It has been suggested that the threshold for this criterion be set at a greater than 50% chance of that individual committing serious harm upon another, from which the victim is unlikely to recover.

The second part of the DSPD criteria requires that the individual must suffer from a 'severe personality disorder'^{[citation needed]}, meaning that he or she has:

Rather than create a new Mental Health Act, it may now only require the existing laws to be updated in order that people can be assessed for this condition before they have been committed to the forensic services by another route. The DSPD service in the Paddock Centre will be limited to males, as it is not yet scientifically agreed as to whether any women meet this criterion. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder and the criteria for diagnosing them, according to the publishing organization the American Psychiatric Association. ... In contemporary research and clinical practice, Robert Hares Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is the psycho-diagnostic tool most commonly used to assess Psychopathy. ... Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by an individuals common disregard for social rules, norms, and cultural codes, as well as impulsive behavior, and indifference to the rights and feelings of others. ...

Individuals who do meet this criterion will be admitted to the new Paddock unit only as and when sufficient staff have been trained, to be able to provide and maintain the right therapeutic programmes and environment. The Paddock Centre is designed to eventually house 72 patients and is just one of four units being set up in England and Wales. The architects were Oxford Architects LLP [1]

As the West London Mental Health NHS Trust already carries out research, the Trust hopes that Broadmoor will become a centre of learning for this new type of therapy. The ultimate aim of this work is to reduce the cost to society that would accrue if no treatment was provided.

Notable patients of Broadmoor Hospital

Edward Oxford (born Birmingham, 1822; date and place of death unknown) was tried for high treason for attempting to assassinate the British Queen, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom while she was out riding on Constitution Hill with her husband, Prince Albert. ... Mug shots of Ian Brady (right) and his partner Myra Hindley at the time of their arrest in October 1965. ... Richard Dadd. ... Kenneth Erskine (born 1962) is an English serial killer who became known as the Stockwell Strangler. ... June and Jennifer Gibbons (born April 11, 1963) were twins born to a military family from Barbados, whose story is a curious case involving psychology and language. ... Ronald Kray (1933 - 1995) and Reginald Kray (1933 - 2000) were twin brothers, and the foremost organised crime leaders in London in the 1960s. ... Member for Barton, 1925 Thomas John Ley, politician in Australia, murderer in England. ... Roderick McLean (d. ... Robert Mawdsley is a British serial killer responsible for the murders of four people. ... William Chester Minor (W. C. Minor) (June 1834â€“March 26, 1920) was an American surgeon who made many scholarly contributions to the Oxford English Dictionary while confined to a lunatic asylum. ... This article is about the MNaghten case. ... John Straffen (born February 26, 1930 in Hampshire) is a British serial killer and in 2005 the longest serving prisoner in the UK. On 9 August 1951, Straffen was arrested for the murder of nine-year-old Cicely Batstone in Somerset. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Graham Frederick Young (September 7, 1947 â€“ August 1, 1990) was a British serial killer who poisoned a total of three people to death (his stepmother, and then years later two work colleagues, Bob Egle and Fred Biggs) as well as administering smaller doses to scores of others. ... Charles Bronson (born 1955) is the adopted name, of Michael Peterson, british criminal. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Leo Hendrik Baekeland (1863-1944) Leo Hendrik Baekeland (Ghent, November 14, 1863 - February 23, 1944) was a Belgian-American chemist who invented Velox photographic paper (1893) and Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, nonflammable, versatile, and popular plastic. ... Savage Grace is a 2007 film starring Julianne Moore, Stephen Dillane and Eddie Redmayne. ... Savage Grace is a 2007 film starring Julianne Moore, Stephen Dillane and Eddie Redmayne. ...

References

Arthur Koestler (September 5, 1905, Budapest â€“ March 3, 1983, London) was a Hungarian polymath who became a naturalized British subject. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

History

Governance

Current research

Notable patients of Broadmoor Hospital

References

Further reading

See also

External links