Bromeliaceae
Pineapple, one member of the Bromeliaceae family
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Bromeliaceae Juss.
Subfamiles
Bromelioideae Pitcairnioideae Tillandsioideae

Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) is a large family of flowering plants native to the tropical and warm temperate New World. The family includes both epiphytes, such as Spanish moss Tillandsia usneoides, and ground (terrestrial) plants, such as the pineapple Ananas comosus. Many bromeliads are able to store water in a "tank" formed by their tightly-overlapping leaf bases. However, the family is diverse enough to include the tank bromeliads, grey-leaved epiphytic Tillandsia species which gather water only from leaf structures called trichomes, and a large number of desert-dwelling succulents. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 156 KB) Summary Manoj. ... Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Liliopsida is the botanical name for a class. ... families see text Poales is a botanical name at the rank of order. ... Portrait of Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French botanist. ... Bromelioideae is a subfamily of the bromeliads (Bromeliaceae). ... Piticairnioidaeae is the terrestrial subfamily of the bromeliads (Bromeliaceae). ... Tillandsioideae is a subfamily of plants in the bromeliad family Bromeliaceae. ... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ... Near Orosí, Costa Rica Epiphytes on a tree near Santa Elena in Costa Rica An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting in Hawaii An epiphyte is any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... Binomial name Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) closely resembles its namesake (Usnea, or beard moss), yet is not a moss at all. ... A terrestrial plant is one that grows on land. ... Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... “Foliage” redirects here. ... Species See text. ... Trichomes, from the Greek meaning growth of hair, are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants and protists. ... Succulent plants, or succulents, are plants that store water in their enlarged fleshy leaves, stems, or roots. ...

The largest bromeliad is Puya raimondii, which reaches 3–4 m tall in vegetative growth with a flower spike 9–10 m tall, and the smallest is probably Spanish moss. Binomial name Puya raimondii Puya Raimondi (Puya raimondii) is an endemic species of the zone altoandina of Peru and Bolivia, found at an altitude of 3200 - 4800 m. ...

History

Bromeliads are one of the more recent plant groups to have emerged, presumed to have evolved at the close of the Cretaceous, over 65 million years ago. Fossilized bromeliads have been dated to 30 million years ago. The greatest number of primitive species reside in the Andean highlands of South America suggesting a beginning there. The species Pitcairnia feliciana, found on the western coast of Africa is the only bromeliad not endemic to the Americas. It is supposed that this species originated in South America and was transplanted to the African continent before or during the break-up of Gondwana. The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... The word Andean refers to the geographic area in and around the Andes Mountains of South America, and to the indigenous peoples that inhabit the area, such as the Inca. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Gondwanaland redirects here. ...

Humans have been using bromeliads for thousands of years. The Incas, Aztecs, Maya and others used them extensively for food, protection, fiber and ceremony, just as they are still used today. European interest began when Spanish conquistadors returned with pineapple which became so popular as an exotic food, that the image of the pineapple was quickly adapted into European art and sculpture. In 1776, the species Guzmania lingulata was introduced to Europe, causing a sensation among gardeners unfamiliar to such a plant. In 1828, Aechmea fasciata was brought to Europe, followed by Vriesea splendens in 1840. These transplants were successful enough that they are still among the most widely grown bromeliad varieties. Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ... For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ... The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. ... 74. ... Conquistador (Spanish: kōn-kē-stŏ-dōr) (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas and Asia Pacific under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement... Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Guzmania lingulata Guzmania lingulata or Scarlet Star is a species of flowering plant in the bromeliad family, subfamily Tillandsioideae. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Aechmea fasciata Baker Aechmea fasciata (Silver-Vase, Urn Plant) is a bromeliad native from Brazil. ... Binomial name Vriesea splendens Vriesea splendens or Flaming Sword is a species of flowering plant in the bromeliad family, subfamily Tillandsioideae. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In the 1800's breeders in Belgium, France and the Netherlands started hybridizing plants for wholesale trade. Many exotic varieties were produced up until the First World War which halted breeding programs and led to the loss of some species. The plants experienced a resurgence of popularity after World War II. Since then, Dutch, Belgian and North American nurseries have largely expanded bromeliad production. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

Description

Like most living groups, bromeliads are a widely varied group of organisms, adapted to a number of climates. Foliage takes many different shapes, from needle thin to broad and flat, symmetrical to irregular, spiky and soft. The foliage, which usually grows in a rosette, is the most widely patterned and colored of any plant in the world. Leaf colors range from maroon, through various shades of green, to gold, with many colors in between. Many varieties have variegated leaves with red, yellow, white and cream variegations. Others may be spotted with purple, red, or cream, while others have different colors on the tops and bottoms of the leaves. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 728 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): List of Bohol Flora and Fauna Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera...

The inflorescence produced by bromeliads are also regarded as considerably more diverse than any other plant family. Some flower spikes may reach 10 meters tall while others only measure 2–3 mm across. Upright stalks may be branched or simple with spikes retaining their color from two weeks up to twelve months, depending on species. In some species the flower remains unseen, growing deep in the vase of the plants. Red clover inflorescence (spike) An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ...

Root systems vary according to plant type. Terrestrial bromeliad species have complex root systems which gather water and nutrients while epiphytic bromeliads only grow hard, wiry roots to attach themselves to trees and rocks. Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting The term epiphyte refers to any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ...

Some bromeliads are faintly scented while others are heavily perfumed. Blooms from the species Tillandsia cyanea resemble the smell of clove spice. Binomial name Tillandsia cyanea Tillandsia cyanea or Pink Quill is a species of flowering plant in the bromeliad family, subfamily Tillandsioideae. ...

Distribution

Plants in the Bromeliaceae family are widely represented in their natural climates across the Americas. They can be found at altitudes from sea level to 4200 meters, from rainforests to deserts. Approximately half the species are epiphytes, some are lithophytes, and some are terrestrial. Accordingly, these plants can be found in the Andean highlands, from northern Chile to Colombia, in the Peruvian coastal deserts, in the cloud forest regions of South and Central America, and in the tropical climate region of Florida. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting The term epiphyte refers to any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... Lithophytes are a type of plant that grows in or on rocks. ... The word Andean refers to the geographic area in and around the Andes Mountains of South America, and to the indigenous peoples that inhabit the area, such as the Inca. ... Tree ferns in cloud forest on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo At the edge of the Panamanian side of the Parque Internacional la Amistad Temperate cloud forest on La Palma, Canary Islands The cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica Cloud forest on Mount Lushan in southeastern China One of the hanging bridges... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Genera

The plant genus Abromeitiella has been deleted and its members have all been combined in the previously existing genus Deuterocohnia. ... Species See text. ... Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1805 – 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist. ... Species See text. ... Ruiz refers to: Persons Ashley Ruiz (1976–), American singer, former member of Menudo Blas Ruiz, Spanish explorer Carlos Ruiz (1979–), Guatemalan football player Chris Ruiz (contemporary), German electronic DJ and producer Estela Ruiz, Mexican-American Marian visionary Fermín Cacho Ruiz (contemporary), Spanish athlete, 1992 Olympics medalist Héctor Ruiz... Species See text Alcantarea (named for Dom Pedro dAlcântara, second Emperor of Brazil)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pineapple. ... Mill- is the Latin numerical prefix for 1000. ... Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Carl Peter Thunberg (November 11, 1743 - August 8, 1828) was a Swedish naturalist. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Brocchinia reducta Brocchinia reducta is one of few carnivorous bromeliads. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Bromelia is a genus of tropical American plants characterized by flowers with a deeply cleft calyx, of the family Bromeliaceae, named after the Swedish botanist Olaf Bromelius (died 1705). ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Species See text Canistropsis (Greek- resembling Canistrum) is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Catopsis berteroniana Catopsis berteroniana is an epiphytic bromeliad thought to be a possible carnivorous plant, similar to Brocchinia reducta, although the evidence is equivocal. ... August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach was a German botanist and phytogeographer. ... Species See text. ... Nicholas Edward Brown (July 11, 1849 in Redhill, Surrey - November 25, 1934 in Kew Gardens, London) was an English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents. ... Species See text. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Species See text. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Super Robot Monkey Team Hyper Force Go!. (Discuss) Otto: Otto is the green monkey, and the teams mechanic. ... Species See text Deinacanthon (from the Greek “deinos” - terrible and “anthos” - flower) is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species See text. ... Species Disteganthus is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species See text. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Species Edmundoa lindenii Edmundoa ambigua Edmundoa lindenii Edmundoa perplexa Edmundoa is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species See text. ... Carl F.P. von Martius Illustration from Flora Brasiliensis Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (April 17, 1794–December 13, 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Species See text. ... Fernseea is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... A baker prepares fresh rolls A baker is someone who primarily bakes and sells bread. ... Species See text. ... Species Glomeropitcairnia penduliflora Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora Glomeropitcarnia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. ... Greigia (Named in honor of Major General von Greigia, president of the Russian Horticultural Society in 1865)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Guzmania is a genus of epiphytes. ... Ruiz refers to: Persons Ashley Ruiz (1976–), American singer, former member of Menudo Blas Ruiz, Spanish explorer Carlos Ruiz (1979–), Guatemalan football player Chris Ruiz (contemporary), German electronic DJ and producer Estela Ruiz, Mexican-American Marian visionary Fermín Cacho Ruiz (contemporary), Spanish athlete, 1992 Olympics medalist Héctor Ruiz... Species Hechtia gayii Hechtia marnier-lapostollei Hechtia podantha Hechtia rosea Hechtia stenopetala Hechtia texensis Hechtia tillandsioides Hechtia is a plant genus, containing around fifty species, and named after Julius Gottfried Conrad Hecht. ... Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1805 – 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist. ... Species see text Hohenbergiais a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Hohenbergiopsis is so named (From the genus “Hohenbergia” and the Greek “opsis” (resembling)) because it resembles the genus Hohenbergia, which is named for Hohenberg, a prince of Wurtenburg (now part of Germany) and a patron of botany[1]. It is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species See text Lindmania (named for Carl Axel Magnus Lindman, Swedish botanist)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. ... Species Lymania alvimii Lymania brachycaulis Lymania corallina Lymania globosa Lymania languida Lymania smithii Lymania spiculata Lymania (named for Lyman Bradford Smith, American botanist)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Mezobromelia (named for Carl Christian Mez, German botanist)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. ... Navia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae. ... Julius Hermann Schultes (1804 – 1840) was an Austrian botanist in Vienna. ... Species Neoglaziova burle-marxii Neoglaziovia concolor Neoglaziovia variegata Neoglaziova (Named in honor of Auguste François Marie Glaziou, 20th century French plant collector in Brazil [1]) is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Subgenera Amazonicae Hylaeaicum Neoregelia A Neoregelia collecting water at one of Hodges Gardens greenhouses. ... Species See text Nidularium is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species Ochagavia andina Ochagavia carnea Ochagavia elegans Ochagavia litoralis Ochagavia (named for Sylvestris Ochagavia, Chilean minister of education)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Rodolfo Amando Philippi. ... Species Numerous, see text Orthophytum (Greek ortho = straight and phytum = plant) is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... A selection of bottled beers A selection of cask beers Beer is one of the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion liters (35 billion gallons) per year - producing total global revenues of $294. ... Pepinia is a former plant genus which was used to describe 44 species now classified within the Pitcairnia genus. ... Species See text. ... Portea (named for Dr. Marius Porte, French naturalist)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, and is native to the Atlantic coast of Brazil. ... Pseudaechmea (Greek false Aechmea)[1] is a genus of the Bromelioideae subfamily in the botanical family Bromeliaceae. ... Species See text. ... Friedrich Harms (1819 - 1880) was a German realist philosopher, much influenced by Fichte. ... Species Puya alpestris Puya berteroniana Puya chilensis Puya coerulea Puya hortensis Puya laxa Puya medica Puya mirabilis Puya raimondii Puya spathacea Puya venusta and many more Puya is a genus of 160-180 species of terrestrial plants in the bromeliad family Bromeliaceae. ... Molina is a Spanish and Italian name. ... Species See text Quesnelia (named For M. Quesnel, French consul to French Guiana)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (September 4, 1789 - January 16, 1854) was a French botanist. ... Species See text Racinaea (named for Racine Foster, wife of Mulford Foster and co-founder of the BSI)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species Ronnbergia brasiliensis Ronnbergia campanulata Ronnbergia carvalhoi Ronnbergia columbiana Ronnbergia deleonii Ronnbergia explodens Ronnbergia hathewayi Ronnbergia killipiana Ronnbergia maidifolia Ronnbergia morreniana Ronnbergia neoregelioides Ronnbergia nidularioides Ronnbergia petersii Ronnbergia silvana Ronnbergia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... See Andre (car) for the British sports car André (play) for the William Dunlap play about Major John André Carl Andre, the minimalist sculptor General Louis André, French Minister of War This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Species Steyerbromelia deflexa Steyerbromelia diffusa Steyerbromelia discolor Steyerbromelia plowmanii Steyerbromelia neblinae Steyerbromelia ramosa Steyerbromelia thomasii Steyerbromelia (named for Julian A. Steyermark, American plant collector, author, and editor)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. ... Species See text. ... A selection of bottled beers A selection of cask beers Beer is one of the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion liters (35 billion gallons) per year - producing total global revenues of $294. ... Species See text. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Vriesia is a member of the bromeliad family. ... John Lindley (February 8, 1799 - November 1, 1865) was an English botanist. ... Species See text. ... Species Wittrockia cyathiformis Wittrockia gigantea Wittrockia paulistana Wittrockia spiralipetala Wittrockia superba Wittrockia smithii Wittrockia tenuisepala Wittrockia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ... Species Ursulaea macvaughii Ursulaea tuitensis Ursulaea (named for Ursula Baensch, plant breeder and co-author of ‘Blooming Bromeliads’)[1] is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. ...

Images of bromeliads

Tillandsia usneoides hanging from branches ImageMetadata File history File links Tillandsia_usneoides04. ...

The flower of a Billbergia sp. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (716x710, 322 KB) Genus Billbergia Familia Bromeliaceae Genus is Billbergia (maybe a Hybrid) Photo taken by Moriori and released PD I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Puya berteroniana Image File history File links Puya_berteroana. ...

Flower close-up Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (960x720, 126 KB) author: me (darrell. ...

Cultivation and uses

Only one bromeliad, the pineapple Ananas comosus, is a commercially important food crop. Many other bromeliads are popular ornamental plants, grown as both garden and house plants. Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... An ornamental plant is a plant that is grown for its ornamental qualities, rather than for its commercial or other value. ...

External links

• LUTHER, H. E. (2002) An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International.
• Bromeliaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Published by Delta-intkey (2002-06-18)
• The Bromeliad Society International
• Puya raimondii photos

Wikispecies has information related to:

Bromeliaceae