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Encyclopedia > Brominated flame retardant

Brominated flame-retardants are produced synthetically in ca 70 variants with very varying chemical properties. There are several groups: Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ...

  • polybrominated diphenyl ether or PBDE,
  • polybrominated biphenyl, or PBB
  • brominated cyclohydrocarbons

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) replaced PCB as the major chemical flame retardant in 1978 and are an effective flame-retardant. They are applied to prevent electronics, clothes and furniture from taking fire. Most brominated flame-retardants are considered Persistent Organic Pollutants known to bioaccumulate and their consequences are not well-known. Environmental consequences of the PBDEs can be found at the PDBE page. PDBE, or polybrominated diphenyl ether is a flame-retardant of the brominated flame-retardant group rated as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. ... Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals. ... Labelling transformers containing PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general structure of C12H10-xClx. ... Flame retardants are materials that inhibit or resist the spread of fire. ... Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of chemicals that persist in the environment, are capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, and have significant impacts on human health and the environment. ... To bioaccumulate literally means to accumulate in a biological system. ... PDBE, or polybrominated diphenyl ether is a flame-retardant of the brominated flame-retardant group rated as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. ...


Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) is the designated name for a group of brominated organic substances that have an inhibitory effect on the ignition of combustible organic materials. BFRs are commonly used in electronic products as a means of reducing the flammability of the product. Bromine based flame retardants are applied to 2.5 million tons of polymers annually,with the annual consumption of PBDEs alone being in excess of 40,000 metric tons. North American industry used about 34,000 metric tons of PBDEs in 1999, making it the largest user of these additives globally; however, a significant proportion of the flame-retarded products manufactured in North America is destined for international markets. The electronics industry accounts for the greatest consumption of BFRs. In computers, BFRs are used in four main applications: in printed circuit boards, in components such as connectors, in plastic covers, and in cables. BFRs are also used in a multitude of products, including, but not exclusively, plastic covers of television sets, carpets, paints, upholstery, and domestic kitchen appliances. BFRs have such a widespread number of applications because they are incredibly effective at fire prevention. In addition to reducing the likelihood that an item will ignite, brominated flame retardants hinder the spread of the fire, and provide valuable extra time in the early stages of a fire when it is much easier to escape. A room fire can very quickly escalate to the point where enough heat is generated that all combustible material in the room bursts into flames. This situation is known as flashover and can occur in a matter of minutes from ignition. Brominated flame retardants slow down the initial burn rate and thereby can help increase the time to flashover, giving the occupants more time to escape. Close-up photo of one side of a motherboard PCB, showing conductive traces, vias and solder points for through-hole components on the opposite side. ... An electrical connector is a device for joining electrical circuits together. ... A cable is two or more wires bound together which may be bare, covered or insulated. ... A flashover is the simultaneous ignition of all combustible material in an enclosed area. ...


Useful reading on (BFRs): Kyle D'Silva, Alwyn Fernandes and Martin Rose, 'Brominated Organic Micropollutants—Igniting the Flame Retardant Issue', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 34:141–207, 2004


Hexabromine cyclodecane (HBCDD) is a ring consisting of ten carbon atoms with six bromine atoms tied to the ring. HBCDD is very poisonous to water-living organisms and can cause harmful long-term effects in water environments. Humans can develop allergy at skin contact. General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ... In biology and ecology, an organism (in Greek organon = instrument) is a complex adaptive system of organs that influence each other in such a way that they function as a more or less stable whole and have properties of life. ... An allergy or Type I hypersensitivity is an immune malfunction whereby a persons body is hypersensitised to react immunologically to typically nonimmunogenic substances. ...


Tetra bromine bisphenol A (TBBP A) is regarded very poisonous to water-living organisms and very persistent.



 
 

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