Mooning is the act of displaying one's bare buttocks by removing clothing, e.g. by lowering the back side of one's trousers and underpants, usually bending over, whether also exposing the genitals or not. Mooning is used in some cultures to express protest, scorn, disrespect or provocation but can simply be done for shock value or fun. Clothes free redirects here. ... Female human buttocks The buttocks (anatomical nates, clunium, gluteus, regio glutealis) are rounded portions of the anatomy located on the posterior of the pelvic region of the apes, humans and many other bipeds or quadrupeds. ... Germanic trousers of the 4th century found in the Thorsberg moor, Germany Early use of trousers in France: a sans-culotte by Louis-Léopold Boilly. ... A pair of mens briefs Undergarments, also called underwear or sometimes intimate clothing, are clothes worn next to the skin, usually under other clothes. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis... Shock value is the potential of an image, text or other form of communication to provoke a reaction of disgust, shock, anger, or similar negative emotion. ...

Students at Stanford University at a mass mooning in May 1995.

Mooning is generally considered a rude and insulting act (though less offensive than flashing). Mooning is considered offensive because the buttocks are considered taboo (due to their association with defecation), and mooning exposes the victim to this taboo. Mooning students at Stanford University (protest and World record attempt); 1995. ... Mooning students at Stanford University (protest and World record attempt); 1995. ... The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University (or simply Stanford), is a private university located approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) southeast of San Francisco and approximately 20 miles northwest of San José in an unincorporated part of Santa Clara County. ... An exhibitionist exposing himself at a soccer game. ... Homosexuality is considered taboo in many cultures around the world. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Word history

Moon has been a common shape-metaphor for the buttocks in English since 1743, and the verb to moon has meant 'to expose to (moon)light' since 1601, long before they were combined in US student slang in the verb(al expression) mooning "to flash the buttocks" in 1968. Formerly, mooning was slang for "wandering idly" and "romantically pining".^{[citation needed]} Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... Female human buttocks The buttocks (anatomical nates, clunium, gluteus, regio glutealis) are rounded portions of the anatomy located on the posterior of the pelvic region of the apes, humans and many other bipeds or quadrupeds. ...

Variants

Mooning is sometimes performed from a moving vehicle.

Mooning with one's buttocks pressed against glass (for example, a car window) is known as a pressed ham.^{[citation needed]}

Spreading apart one's buttcheeks to reveal one's anal eye is known as bulldogging.^{[citation needed]}

In some countries, blue mooning means exposing the genitals instead of the buttocks for the same purposes. In the UK, this is sometimes called a sunny (i.e, the opposite of a moon). In Canada this is often referred to as "hanging a rat". A blue moon also refers jokingly to the act of mooning on a very cold day, the cold weather supposedly changing the color of the skin.^{[citation needed]} A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis... The term Blue Moon has at least four related meanings. ...

In Australia, a moon is commonly referred to as a "browneye", because the cheeks are often spread apart to expose the anus, whilst the act of mooning itself is known as "chucking a browneye".^{[citation needed]}

Geographic distribution

The custom of mooning may be limited to North America, some countries of Europe and the Māori of New Zealand. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Languages Māori, English Religions Māori religion, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Polynesian peoples, Austronesian peoples The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. ...

Legal status

A court in Maryland determined in 2006 that mooning is a form of expression protected by the United States constitutional right of freedom of speech.^[1] This decision has not been confirmed by any higher court. A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,417 sq mi (32,160 km²)  - Width 90 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37°53N to 39°43N  - Longitude 75°4W to 79°33... The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Examples

Notable incidents of mooning

• During the Battle of Crécy in 1346 when king Edward III of England took Caen, on the way to Crécy, several hundred Normandy soldiers exposed their backsides to the English archers and many of them paid a high price for doing so.^[2]
• On one of Giovanni da Verrazzano's trips to North America in the 1520s, he and his crew were mooned by a group of Abenaki Indians, who had already been soured by previous contact with Europeans. Although willing to trade their goods for steel and cloth, they denied Verrazanno permission to land, insisting on doing business on the open water, transferring the goods with ropes. Once the last items had been sent over, the Abenaki "began showing their buttocks and laughing." This is the first recorded incident of American mooning.^{[citation needed]}
• A legend of Nice (now in France, then part of Savoy) holds that the 1534 siege of the city by French and Turkish forces was repelled by a washerwoman named Catherine Ségurane, who led the townspeople to victory and drove away the Ottoman Turks by mooning them.^{[citation needed]}
• During a visit by Queen Elizabeth II to New Zealand, Tame Iti, a Māori, mooned the queen. His defense in court was that it was a traditional Māori form of protest and he could therefore not be charged with indecent exposure.^{[citation needed]}
• In June 2000, a mass mooning event was organised outside of Buckingham Palace in England by the Movement Against the Monarchy (M'AM). The idea was for anti-monarchists to show their dislike of the British monarchy by performing a mass mooning at their home. However, a large police presence prevented a large scale mooning, but even so, a few individuals mooned (although there were many more who turned up to the event but were put off mooning by the large police presence). Some of them were arrested, but others managed to pose for various newspapers etc. This event is known as the Moon Against the Monarchy event.^[3]
• The Annual Mooning of Amtrak is a long-running annual tradition in Laguna Niguel, (Orange County) California, U.S.A, where many people spend all day mooning at Amtrak trains; some even ride the trains on that day just so they can witness the event.^[4]
• Students of the Commonwealth Hall of the University of Ghana, Legon, practice mooning on a regular basis among other things. It is a done in relation with a cult of African traditional religion.^{[citation needed]}

Combatants Kingdom of England, Allied knights from Germany and Denmark France, Genoese Mercenaries, the Kingdoms of Navarre, Bohemia and the Balearic Islands Commanders Edward III of England Edward, the Black Prince Philip VI of France Strength about 12,000 30,000 to 40,000 Casualties 150-1,000 killed and... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... For the play, see Edward III (play). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Caen is a commune of northwestern France. ... Crécy is part of the name of several communes of France. ... Mont Saint-Michel, one of the famous symbols of Normandy. ... Modern soldiers. ... In Target Archery, the object is to hit targets such as this to score points. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Abenaki couple The Abenaki (also Wabanaki), meaning people of the dawn, are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of northeasternNorth America. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Textile be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Flag of Savoy This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... Memorial in bas-relief to Catherine Ségurane Catherine Ségurane (Catarina Ségurana in the Niçard dialect of Provençal) is a folk heroine of the city of Nice, France who is said to have played a decisive role in repelling the citys siege by Turkish invaders... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Tame Iti (b c. ... Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ... In the common law legal system, an indictment (IPA: ) is a formal charge of having committed a most serious criminal offense. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 2000 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December This is a timeline for events in June, 2000. ... Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... The Movement Against the Monarchy, abbreviated and commonly referred to simply as MAM, is a UK-based Anarchist organization that frequently engages in protests against the British Monarchy. ... Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy. ... The British Monarchy is a shared monarchy. ... The Chicago Police Department arrests a man An arrest is the action of the police, or person acting under the law, to take a person into custody so that they may be forthcoming to answer for the commission of a crime. ... Laguna Niguel is a city located in Orange County, California. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Acela Express in West Windsor, NJ Amtrak Cascades service with tilting Talgo trainsets in Seattle, Washington Amtrak train in downtown Orlando, Florida For other uses, see Amtrak (disambiguation). ... A typical North American steam train In rail transport, a train consists of rail vehicles that move along guides to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. ... The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the five Ghanaian public universities. ... Legon is a suburb of Accra, the capital of Ghana, where the University of Ghana is located. ...

Noteworthy examples of mooning in popular culture

• Zappa's Pound for a Brown on the Bus is about Mooning^{[citation needed]}
• In the film Last Tango in Paris, Marlon Brando moons the upper class patrons of a tango dance hall as he and his female companion are being kicked out.^{[citation needed]}
• The film Braveheart contains a scene in which over a thousand Scottish warriors mooned the English forces, though this had not actually taken place in the historical battle depicted.^{[citation needed]}
• A mooning scene was included in the 1960s-set film Hollywood Knights^{[citation needed]}
• Mooning scenes were included in the 1950s-set films American Graffiti, Hey Good Lookin', and Grease.^{[citation needed]}
• On the Futurama episode Future Stock, Fry moons world-domineering billionaire robot company owner Mom by squishing his bare buttocks up against a window, eliciting her response, "You call that an anus?!" (a censored version replaces the line with "You call that a pressed ham?!" although the Closed Captioning remained intact)^{[citation needed]}
• On The Simpsons, Homer and Bart are frequent offenders. Homer mooned his boss Mr. Burns while entertaining at a birthday party, and Bart once imitated Richard Nixon with a rubber novelty nose attached to his buttcheeks, frightening and appalling several female classmates. In "Bart-Mangled Banner" Bart inadvertently moons the flag. Bart also showed his patriotism by mooning a mob of Australian nationals, including the Australian Prime Minister, all while humming the Star-Spangled Banner. The text, "DON'T TREAD ON ME" was written on his butt. In Homer's Enemy, Frank Grimes goes around Springfield Nuclear Power Plant imitating Homer's lazy behaviour. He moons a technician in the process before dying of electrocution. In Beyond Blunderdome, Homer and Mel Gibson moon a group of movie studio executives, in a reference to Braveheart.^{[citation needed]}
• In a first season episode of The Jeff Foxworthy Show, Jeff and his brother Wayne take Jeff's son Matt out mooning in one of the numerous "Foxworthy traditions." Eventually, Wayne ends up mooning Jeff's wife Karen and her friend.^{[citation needed]}
• In an episode of That 70's Show when the yearbooks are released, a picture of Donna mooning the Pep Rally is found.^{[citation needed]}
• In the movie Beavis and Butt-head Do America, Butt-head moons a chauffeur waiting for himself and Beavis at an airport. Later both Beavis and Butt-head moon the White House from a coach they are travelling on. In the television series, Beavis moons Butt-Head in the episode "Dude, A Reward".^{[citation needed]}
• D-Generation X from the WWE which is known for their child's play has mooned on occasion and since their rebirth in 2006 Triple H has mooned Vince McMahon and had midget Spirit Squad members moon the real Spirit Squad.^{[citation needed]}
• One episode of the kid's show Hey Arnold!, Harold, Stinky and Sid all mooned principal Wartz at the same time.^{[citation needed]}
• In a Don Martin cartoon from Mad Magazine #263 (June, 1986), a young man in a car moons a gentleman who is standing on a sidewalk. Upon seeing this "full moon", the gentleman becomes a werewolf and pursues the car.^{[citation needed]}
• In the King of the Hill episode "Hank and the Great Glass Elevator" Hank moons the former Governor of Texas, Ann Richards.
• During the final episode of Flavor of Love, an angry New York moons Flav and Deelishis before storming off the set.^{[citation needed]}
• During a football game, (Manchester City And Everton) Joey Barton Mooned fans after giving his shirt to a disabled fan.^{[citation needed]}
• At the 2004 MTV Movie Awards, D12 (a rap group led by Eminem) mooned the crowd.^{[citation needed]}
• In the 2005 NFL playoffs, former Minnesota Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss pretended to moon Green Bay Packers fans at Lambeau Field after scoring a touchdown. Moss's "pretend moon" was condemned by most NFL coaches and commentators, and he had to pay a US$10,000 fine. Indianapolis Colts head coach Tony Dungy remarked that Packers fans are infamous for mooning opposing teams as they leave on the team bus and that Moss was probably jokingly retaliating.^{[citation needed]}
• During The Amazing Race 8 (Family Edition), Lauren Bransen mooned the Linz family, whose car was driving next to theirs. The mooning was obscured by pixelization.^{[citation needed]}

Last Tango in Paris (Italian: Ultimo tango a Parigi, French: Le Dernier Tango à Paris) is a 1972 film which tells the story of an American widower who is drawn into a sexual relationship with a soon-to-be-married Parisian woman. ... Marlon Brando, Jr. ... Brave Heart redirects here, which may also refer to Brave Heart Lion of the Care Bear cousins. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Hollywood Knights promotional poster The Hollywood Knights is a 1980 movie written and directed by Floyd Mutrux and stars Robert Wuhl as Newbomb Turk, and also features Tony Danza, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Stuart Pankin. ... American Graffiti is a 1973 film directed by George Lucas. ... For the Hank Williams song, see Hey Good Lookin (song) Hey Good Lookin is a 1982 animated film written, directed, and produced by Ralph Bakshi. ... Grease (1978) is the name of a film directed by Randal Kleiser and based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Caseys musical, Grease. ... Futurama is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening (creator of The Simpsons) and David X. Cohen for the Fox Network. ... Future Stock is the 21st episode in the third season of Futurama. ... Philip J. Fry (voiced by Billy West), better known as simply Fry, is the central character of the animated television series Futurama. ... A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... Homer Jay Simpson is a Grammy and Pulitzer Prize winning main character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Dan Castellaneta. ... Bartholomew Bart JoJo Simpson is a main character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Nancy Cartwright. ... Mr. ... Nixon redirects here. ... Human nose in profile A typical bulbous human nose Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration. ... Bart-Mangled Banner is an episode from The Simpsons fifteenth season. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... A throng of people returning from a show of fireworks spill in to the street stopping traffic at the intersection of Fulton Street and Gold Street in Lower Manhattan. ... Bart vs. ... Nicholson took the copy Key gave him to a printer, where it was published as a broadside on September 17 under the title The Defence of Fort McHenry, with an explanatory note explaining the circumstances of its writing. ... US First Navy Jack In the fall of 1775, as the first ships of the Continental Navy readied in the Delaware River, Commodore Esek Hopkins issued, in a set of fleet signals, an instruction directing his vessels to fly a striped Jack and Ensign. ... Homers Enemy is the 23rd episode of The Simpsons eighth season, aired on May 4, 1997. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into List of one-time characters from The Simpsons. ... Springfield Nuclear Power Plant Springfield Nuclear Power Plant is a fictional electricity generating facility in the television animated cartoon series The Simpsons. ... Homer Jay Simpson is a Grammy and Pulitzer Prize winning main character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Dan Castellaneta. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sign warning of possible electric shock hazard An electric shock can occur upon contact of a human or animal body with any source of voltage high enough to cause sufficient current flow through the muscles or nerves. ... Beyond Blunderdome is the premiere of the eleventh season of The Simpsons. ... Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson AO (born January 3, 1956) is an Academy Award-winning American actor, director, and producer. ... Brave Heart redirects here, which may also refer to Brave Heart Lion of the Care Bear cousins. ... The Jeff Foxworthy Show is the name of two short-lived television series starring comedian Jeff Foxworthy and based on Foxworthys stand-up comedy routine. ... Comedian Jeff Foxworthy accepts a new jacket from 3rd Infantry Division Commander Army Maj. ... That 70s Show logo That 70s Show is a Fox Network television sitcom centered around the lives of a group of teenagers living in the fictional suburb of Point Place, near Green Bay, during the late 1970s. ... Beavis and Butt-Head Do America is an animated feature film, based on the TV series, Beavis and Butt-Head, that was released on December 20, 1996, produced by Paramount Pictures and MTV Films, and directed by Mike Judge. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... North façade of the White House, seen from Pennsylvania Avenue. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... D-Generation X (a. ... Hey Arnold! was an American animated television series on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996 through June 8, 2004 (initial run in US). ... Don Martin (May 18, 1931 – January 6, 2000) was a popular American cartoon artist whose best-known work appeared in MAD magazine from 1956 to 1988. ... Harvey Kurtzmans cover for the first issue of the comic book Mad Mad is an American humor magazine founded by publisher William Gaines and editor Harvey Kurtzman in 1952. ... A German woodcut from 1722 A werewolf (also lycanthrope or wolfman) in folklore and mythology is a person who shapeshifts into a wolf, either purposely, by using magic, or after being placed under a curse. ... King of the Hill is a satirical American animated television series created by Mike Judge (creator of Beavis and Butthead) and Greg Daniels for the FOX Network. ... Flavor of Love is an American reality television dating game show starring Flavor Flav of the rap group Public Enemy. ... Manchester City Football Club are an English football club based in the city of Manchester. ... Everton Football Club are an English football club located in the city of Liverpool. ... Joseph Joey Barton (born 2 September 1982 in Liverpool) is an English footballer from Huyton, who currently plays in midfield for Manchester City. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... MTV (Music Television) is an American cable television network headquartered in New York City. ... D12 (aka The Dirty Dozen) are an American rap group originating from Detroit, Michigan which have had albums reach the top of the US and UK album charts - Devils Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004. ... Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), better known by his stage name Eminem or Slim Shady, is a Grammy and Academy Award-winning American rapper, record producer and occasional actor. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... NFL logo For other uses of the abbreviation NFL, see NFL (disambiguation). ... City Minneapolis, Minnesota Other nicknames The Vikes, The Purple People Eaters Team colors Purple, Gold, and White Head Coach Brad Childress Owner Zygi Wilf General manager Rob Brzezinski Mascot Ragnar League/Conference affiliations National Football League (1961–present) Western Conference (1961-1969) Central Division (1967-1969) National Football Conference (1970... The wide receiver (WR) position in American and Canadian football is the pass-catching specialist. ... Randy Gene Moss (born February 13, 1977 in Rand, West Virginia) is an American football wide receiver for the Oakland Raiders NFL franchise. ... City Green Bay, Wisconsin Team colors Dark Green, Gold, and White Head Coach Mike McCarthy Owner 111,967 stockholders Chairman Bob Harlan General manager Ted Thompson Fight song Go! You Packers! Go! League/Conference affiliations Independent (1919-1920) National Football League (1921–present) Western Division (1933-1949) National Conference (1950... Lambeau Field is the home stadium of the NFLs Green Bay Packers. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... City Indianapolis, Indiana Team colors Speed Blue and White Head Coach Tony Dungy Owner Jim Irsay General manager Bill Polian Mascot Blue League/Conference affiliations National Football League (1953–present) Western Conference (1953-1969) Coastal Division (1967-1969) American Football Conference (1970-present) AFC East (1970-2001) AFC South (2002... The head coach in sports coaching is the coach who is in charge of the other coaches. ... Anthony Kevin Dungy (born October 6, 1955, Jackson, Michigan) is former professional football player and current head coach of the NFLs Indianapolis Colts. ... The Amazing Race 8 (titled The Amazing Race: Family Edition) was the eighth installment of the popular reality television show, The Amazing Race. ... Pixelization is a video- and image-editing technique where an image, or part of it, is blurred by displaying part or all of it at a lower resolution. ...

References

The Delaware News-Journal (also known as The News Journal) is a Wilmington, Delaware newspaper. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is one of the largest broadcasting corporations in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of more than £4 billion. ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Nudity Portal

• Anasyrma
• Gestures
• Pantsing
• Indecent exposure
• Public nudity

Image File history File linksMetadata CFportal. ... Anasyrma is a ritual exposing of ones genitals. ... See mouse gesture for gestures in computing Military signalmen use hand and body gestures to direct flight operations aboard aircraft carriers. ... Warning: Most of these pranks would be considered criminal acts in most jurisdictions. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Sources

(incomplete)

• EtymologyOnLine