Bruise
Classification & external resources

Bruises from a ladder fall
ICD-10	S00.-S90.
ICD-9	920-924
DiseasesDB	31998
MeSH	D003288

A bruise, also called a contusion or ecchymosis, is a kind of injury to biological tissue in which the capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue. It is usually caused by blunt impact. Bruises often induce pain but are not normally dangerous. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life threatening forms of hematoma, or can be associated with serious injuries, including fractures and internal bleeding. Minor bruises may be easily recognized, in people with light skin color, by their characteristic blue or purple appearance (idiomatically described as "black and blue") in the days following the injury. Image File history File links Ladder_fall_bruise. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09) head (S00) Superficial injury of head (S01) Open wound of head (S02) Fracture of skull and facial bones (S03) Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head (S04) Injury of cranial nerves (S05) Injury of eye and orbit (S06) Intracranial injury (S07) Crushing... // S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09) head (S00) Superficial injury of head (S01) Open wound of head (S02) Fracture of skull and facial bones (S03) Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head (S04) Injury of cranial nerves (S05) Injury of eye and orbit (S06) Intracranial injury (S07) Crushing... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ... Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. ... Blood flows from digestive system heart to arteries, which narrow into arterioles, and then narrow further still into capillaries. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... “Hurting” redirects here. ... Hematoma on thigh after a beating. ... A fractured bone in a living person is typically treated by restoring the fractured pieces of bone to their natural positions (if necessary), and maintaining those positions while the bone heals. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Historical data for native populations collected by R. Biasutti prior to 1940. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... This article is about the color. ...

Severity of bruises

Nine-day-old bruise

Bruise caused by a handrail, typical of extreme sports

Severe bruises caused by car accident

The extent of bruising depends on many factors. The state of the tissue (contracted versus relaxed muscles, for example) can make a large difference, as can the effect of being crushed against underlying bone. People also vary in the sturdiness of their capillaries — some people bruise more easily than others. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1452x1115, 409 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1452x1115, 409 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 190 KB) Summary Photograph of my injury; photographed by me. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 190 KB) Summary Photograph of my injury; photographed by me. ... This article is about various Extreme Sports. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle A muscle contraction (also known as a muscle twitch or simply twitch) occurs when a muscle fiber generates tension through the action of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ...

Light bruises

When struck, the victim normally feels some pain, although it may not be sharp and may even go unnoticed. The flesh quickly becomes red, tender, and swollen (this, like other effects, varies with the intensity of the bruising). Repeated impacts aggravate the bruising. Over the course of a day, blood seeps into the surrounding tissue while the capillaries are being repaired. The bruise gradually darkens. Over the course of a week or two, the bruise darkens to a livid red, then fades to purple, black, or blue, eventually fading to yellow and disappearing as healing progresses. Normal, light bruises heal completely in a week or two^[1]; more severe or deeper bruises may take longer. The striking colors of a bruise are due to hemoglobin and its breakdown products, bilirubin and biliverdin. Structure of hemoglobin. ... Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. ... Biliverdin is a green pigment formed as a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. ...

The treatment for light bruises is minimal. If swelling is severe, it might be reduced by applying ice or by elevating the affected area. Rest and avoiding re-injury is essential to quick recovery; gentle massage of the area may relieve pain and encourage blood flow, though this should not occur if the massage is painful.^[2] This article is about water ice. ...

Bruising a tendon can feel very painful and make it difficult to use the muscles surrounding the joint. A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ...

Severe bruises

If bruising is severe, complications may arise. Excess fluid may accumulate, forming a hard lump called a hematoma. Swelling may also be severe, and pain may be a serious problem. If internal bleeding inside the tissue is very severe, compartment syndrome may occur, leading to disrupted blood flow due to swelling; this can require surgery. More seriously, the impacts that cause severe bruising can also cause other damage: impacts to the torso may damage internal organs, and impacts to the head can be very dangerous. Bones may be broken by similar impacts, and joints can be sprained or otherwise damaged as well. The symptoms of these injuries may appear to be those of simple bruising; if there is any possibility of one of these more severe injuries (difficulty moving an injured limb, severe abdominal bruising or a feeling of liquid under the skin) see a doctor immediately. Hematoma on thigh after a beating. ... “Hurting” redirects here. ... Compartment syndrome is characterized by increased pressure within one or more fascial compartments so that vascular perfusion is compromised. ... “Surgeon” redirects here. ... This article is about the biological unit. ... “Human Head” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Fracture (disambiguation). ... A sprain (from the French espraindre - to wring) is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden over stretching (for the muscle injury, see strain). ...

Treatments for severe bruising can include RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation, as well as painkillers (particularly NSAIDs). Massaging severe bruises will worsen the injury. Later in recovery, some light stretching exercises may be appropriate, but it is probably best to consult a doctor or physiotherapist about longer-term recovery. If a severely bruised muscle is used too early in the recovery process, bone tissue may be formed inside the muscle, leading to lasting stiffness and pain. Severe bruises can be expected to take longer to heal. For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... Bandages are also used in martial arts to prevent dislocated joints. ... For other uses of painkiller, see painkiller (disambiguation) An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. ... Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects - they reduce pain, fever and inflammation. ... Physical therapy can help restore lost functionality in many people. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ...

As a medical symptom

The presence of bruises may be seen in patients with platelet or coagulation disorders. Unexplained bruising may be a warning sign of child abuse or serious medical problems, such as leukemia and meningoccocal infection. Unexplained bruising could indicate internal bleeding or certain types of cancer. A deficiency in Vitamin C can also make a person more susceptible to bruises from impacts. A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ... This article is about the clotting of blood. ... Child abuse is the physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment or neglect of children by parents, guardians, or others. ... Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos, “white”; haima, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Neisseria is a genus of bacteria, included among the proteobacteria, a large group of gram-negative forms. ... This article is about the nutrient. ...

Other uses

Fruit

The word "bruise" is also used for fruit — a fruit is considered bruised when an impact breaks its internal water-containing structures, leading to a soft and discolored spot. For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...

In language

More generally, "bruise" is used metaphorically to mean any minor injury: one's ego might be "bruised" if one's painting was not included in a gallery showing, for example. The implication is that the injury is painful and sensitive but minor and will recover on its own. This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ... eGO is a company that builds electric motor scooters which are becoming popular for urban transportation and vacation use. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. ...

See also

• Black eye
• Burn
• Gua Sha
• Subconjunctival hemorrhage
• Petechiae
• Purpura
• Love-bite

A 21-month old with a black eye after falling 2 meters (6. ... For other uses, see Burn. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A subconjunctival hemorrhage is a common and relatively minor post-LASIK complication. ... Petechiae are pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes. ... Purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Notes

External links

Look up bruise, contusion, ecchymosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Firstaidweb on bruises
• What is a bruise? for kids
• Bruises in sports
• Fake bruises as fashion