Brun or Bruno I (925-965) was Archbishop of Cologne from 953 until his death, and Duke of Lotharingia from 954. He was the brother of Otto I, king of Germany and later Holy Roman Emperor. Events Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon Ha-Mim proclaims himself a prophet among the Ghomara of Morocco Tomislav, duke of the Croatian duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia, is crowned King of Croatia at Duvno field. ... Events March 1 - Pope Benedict V is put in place of Pope Leo VIII by the people October 1 - John XIII becomes Pope The Khazar fortress of Sarkel falls to the Kievan Rus Births Sweyn I of Denmark Deaths February 22 - Odo, Duke of Burgundy July 4 - Pope Benedict V... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Duchy of Lorraine was an independent state for most of the period of time between 843 to 1739. ... Emperor Otto I Otto I the Great (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of the Germans and arguably the first Holy Roman Emperor. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...

Life and career

Bruno was the youngest son of Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda of Ringelheim. While he was still a child, it was decided that he should pursue an ecclestiastical career, and he was educated appropriately. In 951, Otto appointed Bruno as his archchaplain. Henry I, the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was Duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... Matilda of Ringelheim (born in 892-March 14, 968) was the wife of Henry I the Fowler, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, whom she married in 909. ... Events Allat the Maharana of Mewar come to powers. ...

Bruno would soon have further advancement. In 953, the Archbishopric of Cologne fell vacant just when Conrad the Red, Duke of Lotharingia and Otto's son-in-law, had joined a rebellion against Otto. By appointing Bruno to the vacant position, Otto provided himself with a powerful ally against Conrad in Lotharingia (much of which fell under the archdiocese of Cologne) just when he needed one most. By the next year, the rebellion had collapsed. Otto deposed Conrad as Duke of Lotharingia and appointed Bruno in his place. Events First time that Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal appeared in a Roman map. ... Conrad the Red (died 955) was Duke of Lorraine and Franconia. ...

Bruno was to be the almost last duke of the whole of Lotharingia: in 959 two local nobles, Godfrey and Frederick, were appointed as margraves of Upper Lotharingia and Lower Lotharingia respectively. Both margraves were recognised as dukes after Bruno's death. The two duchies would only be reunited between 1033-1044 under Gothelo I, Duke of Lotharingia. Events October 1 - Edwy, king of England dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar. ... Lorraine can refer to: the historical independent duchy and later French province of Lorraine: see Lorraine (province). ... Lower Lotharingia was a duchy created out of the former Carolingian Kingdom of Lotharingia. ... Gothelo or Gozelo (died 19 April 1044) was duke of Lower Lotharingia from 1023 and duke of Upper Lotharingia from 1033. ...

The combined positions of archbishop and duke — or archduke, as his biographer Ruotger called him — made Bruno the most powerful man after Otto not just in Germany but also beyond its borders. After the deaths of Louis IV of West Francia in 954 and Hugh the Great, his most powerful feudatory, in 956, Bruno, as brother-in-law to both of them and maternal uncle to their heirs Lothair, the new king, and Hugh Capet, acted as regent of west Francia. Archduke - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Louis IV dOutremer: King of France 936 to 954, member of the Carolingian dynasty. ... Hugh, The Great (d. ... Deaths April 8 - Gilbert of Chalon, Duke of Burgundy Categories: 956 ... Lothair (941-986), king of France, son of Louis IV and Gerberge of Saxony, succeeded his father in 954, and was at first under the guardianship of Hugh the Great, duke of the Franks, and then under that of his maternal uncle Bruno, archbishop of Cologne. ... -1...

From 961 onwards, Bruno was also appointed as Otto's regent in Germany while Otto was absent in Italy. Events Byzantine Empire recaptures Crete from Muslim control Ani made the capital of Armenia by the Bagratid dynasty Haakon I of Norway squashed the rebelling forces of Eric Bloodaxes sons but was killed in the Battle of Fitje. ...

Bruno died in Reims in 965 and was buried in the monastery of St Pantaleon, which he had founded, just outside Cologne. Location within France Reims (English traditionally Rheims) (pronounced in French) is a city of northern France, 144 km (89 miles) east-northeast of Paris. ... Events March 1 - Pope Benedict V is put in place of Pope Leo VIII by the people October 1 - John XIII becomes Pope The Khazar fortress of Sarkel falls to the Kievan Rus Births Sweyn I of Denmark Deaths February 22 - Odo, Duke of Burgundy July 4 - Pope Benedict V...

Bruno as Archbishop of Cologne

Bruno's position in Cologne was little short of royal. Indeed, Otto delegated to Brun and his successors as archbishop a number of normally royal privileges — the right to build fortifications and set up markets, to strike coins and collect (and keep) such taxes as the special ones on Jews in return for royal protection, the ones on market trading and tolls from traffic along the Rhine. Even though Bruno's successors as archbishop would not be dukes as well, they would be the secular as well as the ecclesiastical rulers of Cologne until the battle of Worringen three centuries later. At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (German Rhein, French Rhin, Dutch Rijn, Romansch: Rein, Italian: Reno) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... The Battle of Worringen was fought on June 5, 1288 near the town of Worringen (also called Woeringen), nowadays a suburb of Cologne. ...

Bruno's court in Cologne was the main intellectual and artistic centre of its period in Germany — far more so than that of his brother Otto, which was far more peripatetic and militarily oriented. Many of the next generation of German ecclesiastical leaders were educated at Bruno's court.

And Bruno's effect on medieval Cologne was immense. Apart from building a palace, he extended the cathedral to the point where it was regarded as rivalling St Peter's in Rome (this cathedral burned down in 1248 and was replaced by the current one); he brought the area between the old Roman walls and the Rhine within the city fortifications; and built new churches to St Martin within this area and to St Andrew just outside the northern city wall and a Benedictine monastery dedicated to St Pantaleon to the south-west of the city. The rear of the cathedral, viewed from across the Rhine Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom) is one of the best-known architectural monuments in Germany and has been Colognes most famous landmark for centuries. ... The Basilica of Saint Peter from Castel SantAngelo. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,823,807 almost 4,000,000 1... Events Louis IX of France departs on the Seventh Crusade for Egypt Kingdom of Castile captures city of Seville from Muslims Cologne cathedral: old cathedral burns down April 30; foundation stone to current cathedral laid August 15 Births Deaths January 4 - King Sancho II of Portugal, in exile in Toledo... St Martin as a bishop: modern icon in the chapel of the Eastern Orthodox Monastery of the Theotokos and St Martin, Cantauque, Provence. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, manly), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter. ... This article is about the Roman Catholic order; see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. ...

References

• Timothy Reuter, Germany in the early Middle Ages (1991, Longman. ISBN 0-582-49034-0 )
• Pierre Riché, The Carolingians: a family who forged Europe (trans. Michael Idomir Allen, 1993, University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1342-4)
• Carl Dietmar & Werner Jung, Kleine illustrierte Geschichte der Stadt Köln (9th edition, 2002, J. P. Bachem Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-7616-1482-9)