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Encyclopedia > Bruno Latour
Bruno Latour
Bruno Latour

Bruno Latour (born June 1947, Beaune, France) is a French sociologist of science best known for his books We Have Never Been Modern, Laboratory Life, and Science in Action, describing the process of scientific research from the perspective of social construction based on field observations of working scientists. Image File history File links Bruno_Latour. ... Image File history File links Bruno_Latour. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Beaune is a commune in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of the Côte dOr département, in the Burgundy région. ... In academics, science studies (sometimes seen as science and technology studies) is an umbrella term for a number of approaches devoted to studying science, and as a discipline its participants often come from a wide variety of disciplines, usually history of science, sociology of science, philosophy of science, sociology of... A social construction, or social construct or a social concept is an invention or artifact of a particular culture or society which exists solely because people agree to behave as if it exists, or agree to follow certain conventional rules. ...


O ==Biography== como um estudante Latour agregado originalmente dentro filosofia e foi influenciado profundamente perto Michel Serres. Desenvolveu rapidamente um interesse dentro anthropology, entretanto, e empreendeu o fieldwork no d'Ivoire de Côte que resultou em uma monografia breve no decolonization, na raça, e em relações industriais. De Latour deslocou seus interesses da pesquisa focalizar em cientistas do laboratório. Latour levantou-se na importância depois da publicação 1979 da vida do laboratório do : a construção social do científico dos fatos com co-autor Steve Woolgar. No livro, os autores empreendem ethnographic um estudo do laboratório de pesquisa de a neuroendocrinology no instituto de Salk. Este trabalho adiantado demonstrou esse naï as descrições do ve do método científico, em que as teorias estão ou caem no resultado de uma única experiência, são inconsistent com prática real do laboratório, em que uma experiência típica produz somente os dados inconclusive que são atribuídos à falha do instrumento ou do método experimental, e que uma parte grande do treinamento científico envolve aprender como fazer a decisão subjetiva de que dados a se manter e que dados a jogar para fora; um processo que a um outsider untrained olhe como um mecanismo ignorando os dados que contradicts o orthodoxy científico. Após um projeto de pesquisa que examina o sociology de primatologists, Latour seguiu acima dos temas no da vida do laboratório do com os micróbios de Les do : do guerre et do paix (publicado em inglês como o o Pasteurization do de France dentro 1984). Nele, revê a vida e a carreira de um dos cientistas os mais famosos de France Louis Pasteur e de sua descoberta dos micróbios, na forma de uma biografia política. Latour destacam as forças sociais no trabalho e em torno da carreira de Pasteur e a maneira desigual em que suas teorias foram aceitadas. Fornecendo mais explicitamente explanações ideological para a aceitação do trabalho de Pasteur mais fàcilmente em alguns quartos do que em outros, procura undermine geralmente a noção que a aceitação e a rejeção de teorias científicas são primeiramente, ou uniforme, uma matéria da experiência, a evidência ou a razão. Um outro trabalho, “Aramis, ou, o amor da tecnologia” focalizam na história de um projeto mal sucedido do massa-trânsito. Latour tem girado mais recentemente para uns trabalhos “mais teóricos” e mais programmatic. Nos 1980s e nos 1990s atrasados, era um dos thinkers chaves dentro teoria da ator-rede. Seus livros mais teóricos incluem a ciência do na esperança do da ação, do Pandora do , no e talvez em seu trabalho mais popular, que nós nunca fomos moderno. Latour e Woolgar produziram um retrato altamente heterodox e controverso das ciências. Extraindo no trabalho de Gaston Bachelard, avançam a noção que os objetos do estudo científico são social construído do dentro do laboratory— que não podem ser atribuídos com uma existência fora dos instrumentos que os medem e das mentes que os interpretam. Vêem a atividade científica como um sistema da opinião, de tradições orais e do practices&mdash culturally específico; no short, a ciência reconstructed não como um procedimento ou como um jogo dos princípios mas como uma cultura. Ciência do do livro de Latour 1987 na ação: Como seguir cientistas e coordenadores através do da sociedade é um dos textos chaves do sociology do conhecimento científico. Latour ensinou em escolas da engenharia em France por sobre 20 anos e é unido atualmente ao o DES de École mina dentro Paris. É relacionado a uma família well-known dos winemakers de Borgonha e não associado com a propriedade similar-nomeada dentro Bordéus. Em anos recentes serviu também como um dos curators de exhibitions de arte bem sucedidos no und Medientechnologie de Kunst do für de Zentrum dentro Karlsruhe, Germany, including “Iconoclash” (2002) e “fazer o público das coisas” (2005). <! -- Para fazer: Réguas do método, caixas pretas, FORMIGA --> Michel Serres (born September 1, 1930) is a French philosopher and author with an unusual career. ... Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος, human or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ... Steve Woolgar is a sociologist who has worked very close to Bruno Latour, with whom he co-authored Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts. ... Ethnography (from the Greek ethnos = nation and graphein = writing) refers to the qualitative description of human social phenomena, based on fieldwork. ... Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. ... Primatology is the study of primates. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist. ... Gaston Bachelard (June 27, 1884 – October 16, 1962) was a French philosopher and poet who rose to some of the most prestigious positions in the French academy despite his humble origins. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city For other uses, see Paris (disambiguation). ... Karlsruhe (population 275,049 in December 2005) is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ...


See also

Actor-network theory, sometimes abbreviated to ANT, is a sociological theory developed by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon and John Law. ... The Aramis personal rapid transit project in Paris, by aerospace giant Matra, started in 1967, spent about 500 million francs, and was cancelled when it failed its qualification trials in November 1987. ... Technological determinism is a reductionist doctrine that a societys technology determines its cultural values, social structure, or history. ... The Science wars were a series of intellectual battles in several of the academic humanities in the 1990s between postmodernists and realists (though neither camp would likely use the terms to describe themselves) about the nature of scientific theories. ... Social construction of technology (also referred to as SCOT) is a branch of the Science and Technology Studies. ...

References

  • Latour, Bruno and Woolgar, Steve (1979). Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts, Sage, Los Angeles, USA.
  • William Kornfeld and Carl Hewitt (1981). The Scientific Community Metaphor, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-11.
  • Latour, Bruno (1988). The Pasteurization of France, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., USA.
  • Latour Bruno (1992). "Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts", pp. 225-258 in: Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, edited by W.E. Bijker & J. Law, MIT Press, USA.
  • Latour, Bruno (1993). We have never been modern, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., USA.
  • Latour, Bruno (1996). Aramis, or the love of technology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., USA.
  • Latour, Bruno (1999). Pandora's hope: essays on the reality of science studies, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., USA.
  • Latour, Bruno (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory, Oxford University Press, UK.

Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society (ISBN 0674792912) is an influential book by Bruno Latour. ... Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ISBN 0674012895) is an influential book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. ...

External link

  • Web site of Bruno Latour

  Results from FactBites:
 
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Latour would argue that the technical language employed by scientists and mathematicians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was not just a coincidence, but an act of purification in the modern sense.
Latour contends that "certain trades [psychoanalysis, theoretical physics, philosophy, etc.] claim that they are able to extend themselves potentially or ‘in theory’ beyond the networks within which they practice and that "[t]hough all networks are the same size, arrogance is not equally distributed" (Latour, p.
Latour would argue that it is a wish to clear a place for science to work for the good and not be sullied by the more unpleasant aspects of life.
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