Bruno Maderna (April 21, 1920 - November 13, 1973) was an Italian-German conductor and composer. is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ...

Biography

Maderna was born in Venice. Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ...

At the age of four he was taught violin in Chioggia, and his grandfather noticed the young boy was a genius; Madame de Polignac (a French princess and patron) paid his following studies, so at the age of eight he was able to direct the Milano La Scala theatre and the (Verona's) Arena orchestras. From here, he started a career as a child prodigy, internationally known as "Brunetto" (italian for Little Bruno). Chioggia is a coastal town and comune of the province of Venice in the Veneto region of northern Italy, 45°13N 12°17E, situated on a small island at the southern entrance to the Lagoon of Venice about 25 km south of Venice (50 km by road); causeways connect it... This is about the Italian city of Milan. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night. ... Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. ... ARENA may refer to either: Nationalist Republican Alliance, a political party in El Salvador. ...

He protracted his studies in Milan (1935), Venice (1939) and in Rome (1940), where he finally took his degree in composition and musicology at the "Santa Cecilia" Academy under the guide of Alessandro Bustini and Antonio Guarnieri. After his degree he studied also composition with Gian Francesco Malipiero and conducting with Hermann Scherchen. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Gian Francesco Malipiero (March 18, 1882 - August 1, 1973) Italian composer, musicologist and music editor. ... Hermann Scherchen (June 21, 1891 – June 12, 1966) was a German conductor and arranger. ...

During World War II he joined the army, the Partisan Resistance and he was also imprisoned in a concentration camp. After the war years, he taught composition at the Conservatory of Venice (from 1947 to 1950), where he was called by Malipiero; here he studied a lot the ancient and medieval music, which was the base for many of his early works. In those years he held a very big class, in which there was also Luigi Nono (at that time only a young law student). Karl Amadeus Hartmann called him to conduct a concert in the "Musica Viva" festival in Munich; this was the first time a foreign director was called, and for Maderna it was the beginning of a fabulous career. Whilst at the (1951) Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik in Darmstadt he founded the Internationales Kranichsteiner Kammer-Ensemble; here he met, among others, Boulez, Messiaen, Stockhausen, Cage, Unruh, Pousseur and the most important players of the neue musik that inspired him to compose new pieces (for example he wrote Musica su due dimensioni for Severino Gazzelloni). Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Grave of Nono in the San Michele Cemetery, Venice Luigi Nono (born January 29, 1924 in Venice; died May 8, 1990 in Venice) was an Italian composer of classical music and intellectual, one of the most important composers of the 20th century. ... Karl Amadeus Hartmann (August 2, 1905 Munich – December 5, 1963 Munich) was a German composer. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Initiated in 1946 by Wolfgang Steinecke, the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik (Darmstadt new music summer courses), held annually until 1970 and subsequently every two years, encompass both the teaching of composition and interpretation and include premières of new works. ... Pierre Boulez Pierre Boulez (IPA: /pjɛʁ.buˈlÉ›z/) (born March 26, 1925) is a conductor and composer of classical music. ... Olivier Messiaen It has been suggested that List of students of Olivier Messiaen be merged into this article or section. ... Karlheinz Stockhausen (born August 22, 1928) is a German composer, and one of the most important and controversial composers of the 20th century. ... For Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... Eckhard Rabindranath Unruh was a German-American composer, born in Calcutta, India on Nov. ... Severino Gazzelloni (1919-1992) was an Italian flute player. ...

Maderna was an eclectic director, so he was able to switch between different musical styles: he directed Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, Wagner's Parsifal, many works by Debussy and Ravel, classical and romantic symphonies; he also liked jazz music. Together with Luciano Berio, he founded the Studio di Fonologia Musicale of the RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana) in 1955 and they also organized the Incontri Musicali music review and concert series. Henry Purcell Henry Purcell (IPA: [1]; September 10 (?) [2], 1659–November 21, 1695), a Baroque composer, is generally considered to be one of Englands greatest composers. ... The Composer, Henry Purcell Dido and Aeneas is an opera by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell, from a libretto by Nahum Tate. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... Parsifal is a music drama in three acts by Richard Wagner. ... Claude Debussy, photo by Félix Nadar, 1908. ... Maurice Ravel Joseph-Maurice Ravel (March 7, 1875 – December 28, 1937) was a French composer and pianist of the impressionistic period, known especially for the subtlety, richness and poignancy of his music. ... Luciano Berio (October 24, 1925 – May 27, 2003) was an Italian composer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... RAI is an acronym for Radio Audizioni Italiane (translation - Italian Radio Hearings). It is the premier television network of Italy. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1957-58 he taught dodecaphonic technique at the Milan Conservatory; in this period he also taught composition seminars at the Darlington's Summer School of Music. In 1963 he became a German citizen. From 1967 to 1970 he taught conducting at the Salzburg Mozarteum and also at the Rotterdam Conservatory. In 1970 he obtained the Darmstadt's citizenship (but he never changed his Italian citizenship for the German one). In 1971 and 1972 he was the Tanglewood (MA, USA) Berkshire Music Center's director. In 1971 he became the Milan RAI Symphony Orchestra's director. Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Events The Ficus Ruminales begins to die (see Rumina) Start of Yongping era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...   (Austro-Bavarian: SÃ¥izburg) is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tanglewood Music Shed and lawn. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

He died in 1973 at Darmstadt, when he was working on Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. Pierre Boulez wrote his Rituel in Memoriam Bruno Maderna the following year. Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hesse in Germany. ... Pelléas et Mélisande is the name of several dramatic works. ... Rituel in Memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974-1975) is a composition for large chamber ensemble in eight groups by the French composer Pierre Boulez. ...

Works

Among the early works we find the Concerto per due pianoforti e strumenti (1947-1948) with Bartók influences and a special attitude towards difficult sonorities; we find also the Quartetto per archi in due tempi (1955), a more serial/atonal influenced piece. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Béla Bartók in 1927 Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25, 1881 – September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and collector of Eastern European and Middle Eastern folk music. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Atonality in a general sense describes music that departs from the system of tonal hierarchies that are said to characterized the sound of classical European music from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. ...

As mentioned before, the flutist Severino Gazzelloni inspired Maderna during the Darmstadt experience. In those years he was obviously influenced also by the electronic music new paradigm. In 1961 he composed Honeyreves for flute and piano: this piece was built on the complex flute melodies and on the strange piano sound effects (clusters, playing on the strings, etc.). In the Studio di Fonologia Musicale, with the help of the sound technician Marino Zuccheri, he wrote some of the most impressive electroacustic works of his time: Musica su due dimensioni (Music on two dimensions, 1958) for flute and magnetic tape, Notturno (1956) and Continuo (1958) both for magnetic tape. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hesse in Germany. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Maderna's favorite solo instrument was the oboe: this was the perfect 'aulodic' media that he was searching in order to build the 'absolute melody' (Aulody is a word that mixes the Greek aulos (i.e. oboe) and melody). In 1962-63, he wrote the first concert for oboe (Konzert fur Oboe und Kammerensemble), in which he was influenced by serial composition; in 1967 he wrote the second Concerto per oboe, in 1973 he wrote the Terzo Concerto per Oboe. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ...

One of his most famous works was Quadrivium for four percussionists and four orchestra's groups (played for the first time at the Royan Festival, in 1969). This masterpiece uses an enormous amount of players, and is influenced by the aleatory technique. The aleatory technique is used also in Ausstrahlung for woman voice, flute and oboe obbligati, big orchestra and magnetic tape (Irradiation, 1971, a homage to Persian culture), in Serenata per un satellite for - ad libitum - violin, flute, oboe, clarinet, marimba, harp, guitar and mandolin (Serenata for a Satellite, 1969) and in Grande Aulodia for flute and oboe soli with orchestra (1970). Among the other compositions, we find an electroacustic divertimento called Le Rire (1964), many Sonatas, an incomplete opera called Hyperion, and other diverse works. For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

Bibliography

Massimo Mila, Maderna musicista europeo. Nuova Edizione, Torino 1999, Giulio Einaudi Editore. Giulio Einaudi (January 2, 1912 - April 5, 1999) is one of the most important publishers in Italian history. ...

External links

• Biography