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Professor Bruno S. Frey (born on May 4, 1941 in Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss economist and one of the world's leading welfare economists. He is best known for his critique of Homo economicus or economic man, arguing that it places excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation rather than intrinsic motivation. is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the movie, see 1941 (film). ...
Basel (British English traditionally: Basle and more recently Basel , German: , French: , Italian: ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area as of 2003). ...
Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to simultaneously determine the allocational efficiency of a macroeconomy and the income distribution associated with it. ...
Homo economicus, or Economic man, is the concept in some economic theories of man (that is, a human) as a rational and self-interested actor who desires wealth, avoids unnecessary labor, and has the ability to make judgments towards those ends. ...
Intrinsic motivation causes people to engage in an activity for its own sake. ...
Intrinsic motivation is evident when people engage in an activity for its own sake, without some obvious external incentive present. ...
In 2004 he was invited as one of ten experts for the Copenhagen Consensus sponsored by The Economist and funded by the Danish government to establish priorities for advancing global development. Frey co-founded the Center for Research in Economics Management and the Arts (CREMA) in Switzerland and acts as its research director. He has been the managing editor of the journal Kyklos since 1969 and has served on the editorial board of many other economic publications. Frey has written, co-written or edited more than a dozen books and has written more than 450 journal articles, mostly in economics journals, but also in political science, sociology and psychology. Copenhagen Consensus is a project which seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. ...
The Economist is a weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London, UK. It has been in continuous publication since September 1843. ...
Early career
Bruno Frey was born in Basel in 1941. He studied economics at the University of Basel, achieving a master of economics degree in 1964 and a doctorate the following year. In 1969 he was appointed as an associate professor of economics at the University of Basel. From 1970 to 1977 he was full professor of public finance at the University of Konstanz in Germany. The University of Basel (German: Universität Basel) is located at Basel, Switzerland. ...
Frey was also appointed managing editor of Kyklos, a Swiss journal on political economy, in 1969. The journal is currently published by CREMA. Frey was the founder of CREMA together with René Frey of the University of Basel and Reiner Eichenberger of the University of Fribourg. The Kyklos is a term used by some classical Greek authors to describe what they saw as the political cycle of governments in a society. ...
The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political economy was the original term for the study of production, the acts of buying and selling, and their relationships to laws, customs and government. ...
The University of Fribourg (French: Université de Fribourg; German: Universität Freiburg) is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. ...
His first book, Umweltökonomie (Environmental Economics), was published in Göttingen in 1972. Moderne Politische Ökonomie was published in 1977 in Germany with English editions appearing in England and the U.S. in 1978. Göttingen marketplace with old city hall, Gänseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone Göttingen ( ) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...
Professor of Economics 1977-1997 Frey was appointed as a full professor of economics at the University of Zurich in 1977. Frey published a number of significant books during the 1980's: The University of Zurich (in German: Universität Zürich) is the largest university of Switzerland, in the city of Zurich. ...
- Theorie demokratischer Wirtschaftspolitik (Democratic Economic Policy), Germany, 1981; US and UK, 1983.
- Demokratische Wirtschaftspolitik, written with Gebhard Kirchgässner and published in Munich in 1981.
- Schattenwirtschaft (Shadow Economy) was written with Hannelore Weck and Werner Pommerehne and published in Munich in 1984.
- International Political Economics was published in the US and UK in 1984 and in Germany in 1985.
- Die heimliche Wirtschaft, written with Hannelore Weck-Hanneman and Werner Pommerehne, was published in Switzerland in 1986.
- Muses and Markets: Explorations in the Economics of the Arts, with Werner Pommerehne, was published in the UK in 1989 and in Germany in 1993.
Muses and Markets is considered one of the leading books on the economics of the arts. One of the key points of Frey's critique of "economic man" is that the basic model does not explain how an artist or craftsman would take pride in their work other than from the price received in the marketplace for such work.
Frey had another work, Ökonomie ist Sozialwissenschaft, published in Germany in 1990. This work was published in English as Economics as a Science of Human Behaviour: Towards a New Social Science Paradigm. Bruno Frey has been interested in using insights from other disciplines such as psychology, political science, and sociology in economics.
International recognition Bruno Frey has won international recognition for his work in recent years. In 1998 he was awarded honorary doctorates at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland and at University of Göteborg in Sweden. Frey has continued to write and edit books, including: Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
The view of the city from the nearby hills. ...
Gothenburg University, or Göteborgs universitet, is a university in Gothenburg, Sweden. ...
- Not Just for the Money: An Economic Theory of Personal Motivation, 1997, UK.
- Ein neuer Föderalismus für Europa: Die Idee der FOCJ, 1997, Germany.
- Markt und Motivation: Wie ökonomische Anreize die (Arbeits-)Moral verdrängen, Germany, 1997.
- The New Democratic Federalism for Europe: Functional, Overlapping and Competing Jurisdictions with Reiner Eichenberger, UK, 1999.
- Arts & Economics; Analysis & Cultural Policy, US and Germany, 2000.
- Managing Motivation: Wie Sie die neue Motivationsforschung für Ihr Unternehmen nutzen können, edited with Margit Osterloh, Germany, 2000.
- Inspiring Economics: Human Motivation in Political Economy, UK, 2001.
- Happiness & Economics, with Alois Stutzer, 2002, US and UK.
- Successful Management by Motivation: Balancing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Incentives, edited with Margit Osterloh, US and Germany, 2002.
- Dealing with Terrorism: Stick or Carrot, 2004, UK and US.
Not Just for the Money emphasised the importance of intrinsic motivation in employment as well as remuneration. Arts and Economics looked at various artistic institutions such as festivals and museums from an economic perspective. Inspiring Economics looked at new insights from psychological research and how they can be applied to economics. Functional Overlapping Competing Jurisdictions (FOCJ, also Functional, Overlapping and Competing Jurisdictions) is a moderate form of panarchy advocated by Swiss economists Bruno Frey and Reiner Eichenberger. ...
Happiness and Economics was the first study of the interplay between economics and happiness. Successful Management by Motivation looked at case studies in various companies and argued that performance pay could actually reduce motivation in certain circumstances. Dealing with Terrorism explored possible economic approaches to terrorism.
In 2004, Frey was invited to act as one of ten experts at the Copenhagen Consensus. The Copenhagen Consensus was organised by Bjørn Lomborg and the Institute for Environmental Assessment funded by the Danish Government and sponsored by The Economist. The panel of experts included four winners of the Nobel Prize for Economics and were required to assess the costs and benefits of alternative approaches to major global issues such as climate change, communicable diseases, conflicts, education, financial instability, corruption in government, malnutrution and hunger, migration, water and sanitation and trade barriers. Copenhagen Consensus is a project which seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. ...
Bjørn Lomborg Bjørn Lomborg (born January 6, 1965) is an Adjunct Professor at the Copenhagen Business School and a former director of the Environmental Assessment Institute in Copenhagen. ...
The Danish Institute for Environmental Assessment (Institut for Miljøvurdering) is a body set up in 2002 by the Liberal/Conservative Danish Government with the task of making environmental and economic cost/benefit analyses. ...
On 15 November 2005 Bruno Frey was awarded the "Distinguished CES Fellow 2005" award by the CES Institute at the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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