NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bruttium

Calabria, formerly Brutium, is a region in southern Italy which occupies the "toe" of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. It is bounded in the north by the region of Basilicata, to the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea, and to the east by the Ionian Sea. Calabria faces the island of Sicily across the Strait of Messina. The region covers 15,080 km² and has a population of 2.05 million. Credit: Ahoerstemeier (outline), Sascha Noyes (other stuff), 2004 Info: Map of the regions of Italy with the individual region highlighted. ... Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Puglia to the east, Calabria to the south, it has one short coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea and another of the Gulf of Taranto in the Ionian Sea to the south-east. ... The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. ... The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... Satellite photo of the Strait of Messina, taken June 2002. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ...

The region is divided into five provinces: Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio di Calabria, Vibo Valentia, and Catanzaro. Catanzaro has been the regional capital since 1970, but despite this the regional Parliament is hosted in the former capital of Reggio di Calabria. The switchover to Catanzaro as capital of Calabria was the cause of riots in 1970. Cosenza is a town and comune in the Calabria region of southern Italy, 39°18N 16°14E, on the Crati River at 238 m (781 ft) above sea-level. ... Croton or Crotona (present-day Crotone), in the toe of the Italian peninsula, was an Achaean colony from c. ... Categories: Italy-related stubs | Coastal cities | Towns in Calabria ... Vibo Valentia (It. ... Catanzaro was at one time the lace capital of the world with a large silkworm breeding, it produced all the laces and linens used in the Vatican. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The debating chamber or hemicycle of the European Parliament in Brussels. ... Categories: Italy-related stubs | Coastal cities | Towns in Calabria ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Greeks settled heavily along the coast at an early date and several of their settlements, including Sybaris, Crotona, and Locri, were numbered among the leading cities of Magna Graecia during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Conquered by the Romans in the 3rd century BC, the region never regained its former prosperity. The inhabitants were in large part driven inland by the spread of malaria and, during the early Middle Ages, by pirate raids. Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia, on the Gulf of Taranto, between the rivers Crathis (Crati) and Sybaris (Coscile), which now meet 3 miles from the sea, but in ancient times had independent mouths, was the oldest Greek colony in this region. ... Croton or Crotona (present-day Crotone), in the toe of the Italian peninsula, was an Achaean colony from c. ... Locri Epizefiri was founded in 680 BC on the shores of the Ionian Sea, near Capo Zefirio (from the name of a wind), by the Locrians, apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus, but including Ozolae (West Locrians) and Lacedaemonians. ... Magna Graecia (Latin for Greater Greece, Megalê Hellas/Μεγάλη Ελλάς in Greek) is the name of the area in ancient southern Italy that was colonised by ancient Greek settlers in the 8th century BCE. Sources differ on whether it included Sicily, as well as Apulia and Calabria. ... (7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC - other centuries) (600s BC - 590s BC - 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - other decades) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events Cyrus the Great conquered many... (6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) // Events Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars) Battle of Marathon (490) Battle of Salamis (480) Athenian empire rises and falls Peloponnesian War... (4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) Events The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean Rome conquers Spain Great Wall of China begun Indian traders regularly visited Arabia Scythians occupy...

After several wars with rival Italian tribes, Many Romans, including Cicero, had vacation homes in Vibo Valentia. Calabria was for many years part of the Roman Empire and after its fall, was devastated during the Gothic War before it came under the rule of a local dux for the Byzantine Empire. In the 9th and 10th centuries, Calabria, which had been the rich breadbasket of Rome before Egypt was conquered, was the borderland between Byzantine rule and the Arab emirs in Sicily, subject to raids and skirmishes, depopulated and demoralized, with vibrant Greek monasteries providing fortresses of culture. In the 1060s, Normans under the leadership of Robert Guiscard's brother Roger established a presence in this borderland, organized a government along Byzantine lines that was run by the local Greek magnates of Calabria. In 1098, Pope Urban II bestowed on Roger the equivalence of an apostolic legate and the Hauteville clan formed the precursors of the Kingdom of Naples which in one form or another ruled Calabria until the unification of Italy. This kingdom itself came under many rulers: the Hapsburg dynasties of both Spain and Austria; the French Bourbon dynasty, and briefly Napoleon's general Joachim Murat, who was executed in the small town of Pizzo. The Byzantine Empire (Native Greek names: Î¡Î©ÎœÎ‘ÎÎ™Î‘ Romania or Î’Î‘Î£Î™Î›Î•Î™Î‘ Î¡Î©ÎœÎ‘Î™Î©Î Basileia Romaion) is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... The Normans (adapted from the name Northmen or Norsemen) were a mixture of the indigenous Gauls of France and of the Viking invaders under the leadership of Rollo (Gange Rolf). ... Robert Guiscard (i. ... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Germanic word marko (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... Urban II, né Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 - July 29, 1099), pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099, was born into nobility in France at Lagery (near Châtillon-sur-Marne) and was church educated. ... Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... The House of Bourbon dates from at least the beginning of the 13th century, when the estate of Bourbon was ruled by a Lord, vassal of France. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Joachim Murat, (March 25, 1767 - October 13, 1815), a marshal of France, was King of Naples from 1808 to 1815. ...

Throughout all this, Calabria remained a very rural and exploited region. The Aspromonte, a mountainous region of central Calabria, was the scene of a famous battle of the Risorgimento (unification of Italy), in which Garibaldi was wounded. Several of the important philosophers of the Risorgimento (namely, Bernardino Telesio from Cosenza, Gioacchino da Fiore from San Giovanni in Fiore, Tommaso Campanella from Stilo) came from Calabria, and famous Americans of Calabrian descent are almost too numerous to name. The seawater around Calabria is very clear, and there is a good level of tourist accommodation. The poet Gabriele d'Annunzio called the seafront at Reggio "The most beautiful kilometer in Italy". Aspromonte is a mountain close by Reggio, overlooking the Strait of Messina, near which Garibaldi was defeated and captured in 1862 in the Battle of Aspromonte. ... Italian unification, also known as Risorgimento (resurrection), was a historical process by which the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by the Savoy dynasty with Turin as its capital) gradually conquered the Italian peninsula, including the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Duchy of Modena, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy... Garibaldi in 1866 Giuseppe Garibaldi (July 4, 1807 â€“ June 2, 1882) was an Italian patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento. ... Bernardino Telesio (1509 - 1588), Italian philosopher and natural scientist, was born of noble parentage at Cosenza near Naples. ... Cosenza is a town and comune in the Calabria region of southern Italy, 39°18N 16°14E, on the Crati River at 238 m (781 ft) above sea-level. ... Tommaso Campanella (September 5, 1568 - May 21, 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was a Dominican theologian, philosopher and poet. ... Gabriele DAnnunzio (12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938) was an Italian poet, dramatist, daredevil and war hero, who went on to have a controversial role in politics as a precursor of the fascist movement. ...

The official national language (since 1861) is Italian. However, as a consequence of its deep and colorful history, other historical languages have been spoken in this region for centuries. The various dialects_of_Calabria are divided into two different language groups. In the northern sections, a dialect of the Neapolitan language called "northern Calabrese" is spoken. In the southern part of the region, a dialect of the Sicilian language called "southern Calabro" is spoken. In isolated pockets, a hybrid language that dates back to the 9th century, called Griko, is spoken. A variety of Franco-Provençal can also be found in certain communities. In several villages, the Arbëreshë dialect of the Albanian language has been spoken since a wave of refugees settled there in the 15th century. Neapolitan (Nnapulitano in Neapolitan and Napoletano in Italian) is a Romance language spoken in the city and region of Naples, Campania (Neapolitan: Napule, Italian: Napoli), and in all or parts of the surrounding regions of Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Lazio, Marche, Molise, and Puglia in southern Italy. ... Sicilian (Lu Sicilianu, Lingua Siciliana) is the Romance language spoken in Sicily and southern Italy. ... Location map of the Griko-speaking areas in Salento and Calabria Griko, sometimes spelled Grico, is a language combining ancient Greek, Byzantine Greek and Italian elements. ... Flag Of The Arberesh People ArbÃ«reshÃ« are Albanian people living in southern Italy. ... The Albanian language is the only surviving member of its branch of the Indo-European language family. ...

External tourist sites Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. ... For the parody newspaper, see The Onion. ... Siderno is a town located in Calabria, Italy. ... The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. ... Locri Epizefiri was founded in 680 BC on the shores of the Ionian Sea, near Capo Zefirio (from the name of a wind), by the Locrians, apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus, but including Ozolae (West Locrians) and Lacedaemonians. ... Tommaso Campanella (September 5, 1568 - May 21, 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was a Dominican theologian, philosopher and poet. ...

Main Soccer Teams This article is about the town in Italy. ... Catanzaro was at one time the lace capital of the world with a large silkworm breeding, it produced all the laces and linens used in the Vatican. ... Map of Italy showing Reggio Calabria in the south Reggio Calabria, located on the toe of the Italian boot, is the capital of the province of Reggio Calabria. ...

Reggina Calcio is the main football club of the Italian city of Reggio Calabria. ... Categories: Italy-related stubs | Coastal cities | Towns in Calabria ... Serie A is the top division of the Italian Football League, the highest football league in Italy. ... Unione Sportiva Catanzaro is a football club based in Catanzaro, Italy. ... Serie B is the name of the second highest football league in Italy. ... Crotone Football Club is a football club based in Crotone, Italy. ... Serie B is the name of the second highest football league in Italy. ...

Categories: Regions of Italy | Calabria Regions of Italy Provisions for at least some degree of regional autonomy were made in the 1948 constitution, which states the constitutions role is; recoginize, protect and promote local autonomy, that State level services have the greatest decentralization, and adapt the principles and laws establishing autonomy and decentralization. ... Download high resolution version (1200x800, 1 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Austria Arsenal F.C. A.S. Roma A.C. Milan ACF Fiorentina Belgium Czech Republic Cyprus Economy of the Czech Republic Chievo Verona Chelsea F.C. European Union Estonia European Parliament Talk:European Union... Abruzzo, (also known as Abruzzi, an older obsolete plural denomination) is a region of south central Italy, formerly a part of the Abruzzi e Molise region (with Molise). ... Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Puglia to the east, Calabria to the south, it has one short coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea and another of the Gulf of Taranto in the Ionian Sea to the south-east. ... Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... Latium (Lazio in Italian) is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Í Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. ... Lombardy (in Italian Lombardia) is a region in northern Italy between the Alps and the Po Valley. ... This article refers to the Italian region. ... Molise is a region of south central Italy, the second smallest of the regions. ... Piedmont is a region of northwestern Italy. ... Apulia (Puglia in Italian) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. ... Tuscany (Italian Toscana) is a region in central Italy, bordering on Latium to the south, Umbria to the east, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria to the north, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. ... Umbria is a mountainous region of central Italy, in the valley of the river Tiber. ... Veneto is a region in northeastern Italy, bordering on Lombardy, Trentino-South Tyrol, Austria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Emilia-Romagna, between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea. ... With an area of 7844 km² and 1. ... Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... Trentino-Alto Adige or Trentino-South Tyrol (in German: Trentino-Südtirol, in Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige) is an autonomous region in northern Italy. ... Aosta Valley (in French Vallée dAoste, in Italian Valle dAosta) is a mountainous region in north-western Italy, the smallest of the regions. ...