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Flower buds have not yet bloomed into a full-size flower.

In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Look up bud, Bud in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 77 KB)Image of flower buds. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 77 KB)Image of flower buds. ... Pinguicula grandiflora commonly known as a Butterwort Example of a cross section of a stem [1] Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Plant embryogenesis is a sexual or asexual reproductive process that forms new plants. ... This article is about the plant section. ... The axil is the space or angle between a primary stalk or branch and a smaller branch or leaf coming off from the primary branch. ... Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Stem showing internode and nodes plus leaf petiole and new stem rising from node. ...

The buds of many woody plants, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving on the surface of the growing stem a series of horizontally-elongated scars. By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches cannot be determined by this means. For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In many plants scales are not formed over the bud, which is then called a naked bud.^[1] The minute underdeveloped leaves in such buds are often excessively hairy. Such naked buds are found in shrubs like the Sumac and Viburnums and in herbaceous plants. In many of the latter, buds are even more reduced, often consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells in the axils of leaves. A terminal bud occurs on the end of a stem and lateral buds are found on the side. A head of cabbage (see Brassica) is an exceptionally large terminal bud, while Brussels sprouts are large lateral buds. Download high resolution version (600x801, 62 KB)Bud1. ... Download high resolution version (600x801, 62 KB)Bud1. ... Species About 250 species; see text Rhus is a genus approximately 250 species of woody shrubs and small trees in the family Anacardiaceae. ... Species About 150 species; see text Viburnum (Viburnum) is a genus of about 175 species of shrubs or (in a few species) small trees that were previously included in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. ... This article is about the plants used in cooking and medicine. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Species See text. ... The Brussels (or brussels or brussel) sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) of the Brassicaceae family, is a cultivar group of Wild Cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ...

Since buds are formed in the axils of leaves, their distribution on the stem is the same as that of leaves. There are alternate, opposite, and whorled buds, as well as the terminal bud at the tip of the stem. In many plants buds appear in unexpected places: these are known as adventitious buds.^[2]

Often it is possible to find a bud in a remarkable series of gradations of bud scales. In the buckeye, for example, one may see a complete gradation from the small brown outer scale through larger scales which on unfolding become somewhat green to the inner scales of the bud, which are remarkably leaf-like. Such a series suggests that the scales of the bud are in truth leaves, modified to protect the more delicate parts of the plant during unfavorable periods. Species Aesculus arguta: Texas Buckeye Aesculus californica: California Buckeye Aesculus chinensis: Chinese Horse-chestnut Aesculus flava (): Yellow Buckeye Aesculus glabra: Ohio Buckeye Aesculus hippocastanum: Common Horse-chestnut Aesculus indica: Indian Horse-chestnut Aesculus neglecta: Dwarf Buckeye Aesculus parviflora: Bottlebrush Buckeye Aesculus pavia: Red Buckeye Aesculus sylvatica: Painted Buckeye Aesculus turbinata...

Types of buds

Buds are often useful in the identification of plants, specially for woody plants in winter when leaves have fallen.^[3] Buds may be classified and described according to different criteria : location, status, morphology, function. Botanists commonly use the following terms :

• for location,
  • terminal, when located at the tip of a stem (apical is equivalent but rather reserved for the one at the top of the plant),
  • axillary, when located in the axil of a leaf (lateral is equivalent but some adventitious buds may be lateral too),
  • adventitious, when occurring elsewhere, for example on trunk or on roots (some adventitious buds may be former axillary ones reduced and hidden under the bark, other adventitious buds are completely new formed ones),

• for status,
  • accessory, for secondary buds formed besides a principal bud (axillary or terminal),
  • dormant, for buds whose growth has been delayed for a rather long time (the term is usable for buds resting during winter or dry season, but is rather employed for buds waiting undeveloped for years),
  • pseudoterminal, for an axillary bud taking over the function of a terminal bud (characteristic of species whose growth is sympodial : terminal bud dies and is replaced by the closer axillary bud, for examples beech, persimmon, Platanus have sympodial growth),

• for morphology,
  • scaly or covered, when scales (which are in fact transformed and reduced leaves) cover and protect the embryonic parts,
  • naked, when not covered by scales,
  • hairy, when also protected by hairs (it may apply either to scaly or to naked buds),

• for function,
  • vegetative, if only containing vegetative pieces : embryonic shoot with leaves (a leaf bud is the same),
  • reproductive, if containing embryonic flower(s) (a flower bud is the same),
  • mixed, if containing both embryonic leaves and flowers.

Orchids with sympodial growth have a specialized lateral growth pattern in which the terminal bud dies. ... For other uses, see Beech (disambiguation). ... Species See text A Persimmon is any of a number of species of trees of the genus Diospyros, and the edible fruit borne by them. ... Species See text. ...

Within zoology

The term bud (as in budding) is used by analogy within zoology as well, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which develops into a new individual. It is a form of asexual reproduction limited to animals or plants of relatively simple structure. In this process a portion of the wall of the parent cell softens and pushes out. The protuberance thus formed enlarges rapidly while at this time the nucleus of the parent cell divides (see: mitosis, meiosis). One of the resulting nuclei passes into the bud, and then the bud is cut off from its parent cell and the process is repeated. Often the daughter cell will begin to bud before it becomes separated from the parent, so that whole colonies of adhering cells may be formed. Eventually cross walls cut off the bud from the original cell. High magnification view of a budding yeast Budding is the formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism. ... Zoology (from Greek: ζῴον, zoion, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Asexual reproduction in liverworts: a caducuous phylloid germinating Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis, ploidy reduction, or fertilization. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell being used to describe the smallest unit of a living organism Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the... HeLa cells stained for DNA with the Blue Hoechst dye. ... Mitosis divides genetic information during cell division. ... For the figure of speech, see meiosis (figure of speech). ...

References