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For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). Budapest Flag Seal Nickname: "Pearl of the Danube" or "Queen of the Danube", "Heart of Europe", "Capital of Freedom" Location of Budapest in Hungary Coordinates: 47°28′19″N 19°03′01″E / 47.47194, 19.05028 Country Hungary County Budapest, Capital City Government  - Mayor Gábor Demszky (SZDSZ) Area  - City 525.16 km² (202.8 sq mi) Population (2007)  - City 1,696,128 HCSO  - Density 3,232/km² (8,370.8/sq mi)  - Metro 2,463,295 HCSO Time zone CET (UTC+1)  - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2) Website: budapest.hu Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue* UNESCO World Heritage Site State Party  Hungary Type Cultural Criteria ii, iv Reference 400 Region† Europe Inscription History Inscription 1987  (11th Session) Extensions 2002 * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. Budapest (pronounced /ˈbuːdəpest/ (AE), also /ˈbju-/ (BE) or /ˈbʊ-/; Hungarian IPA: ['budɒpɛʃt]) is the capital city of Hungary and the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial and transportation centre. The official language spoken is Hungarian. Budapest had 1,696,128 [1] inhabitants in 2007 (with official agglomeration 2,421,831 [2]), down from a mid-1980s peak of 2.1 million. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with the amalgamation on 17 November 1873 of right-bank (west) Buda (Ofen in German) and Óbuda (Old Buda or Alt-Ofen) together with Pest on the left (east) bank. Budapest may mean: Budapest, the capital of Hungary Budapest (band), a British musical group. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Budapest. ... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... Small map showing the location of Budapest, Hungary. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Counties of Hungary Hungary is subdivided administratively into 43 regions. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Gábor Demszky is a Hungarian politician, lawyer and sociologist by qualification. ... Party logo The Alliance of Free Democrats (Hungarian: Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége, or SZDSZ) is a liberal party in Hungary, led by Gábor Kuncze. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Andrássy Avenue or Andrássy út (lit. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Image File history File linksMetadata Szent_korona6. ... As of 2006, there are a total of 830 World Heritage Sites located in 138 State Parties. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... During the history of Hungary, the country has had more capitals. ... Politics is the process by which decisions are made within groups. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the Danube River. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... Óbuda (sometimes written in English as Obuda) was a historical city in Hungary. ... Pest (in Slovak Pešť, pron. ... Dubbed as "The City of Baths"[3], Budapest is considered an essential Central European hub[4], especially since the 1989 downfall of the Communist government in Hungary. The Buda Castle Hill, a collection of palaces, churches and monuments has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites[5], along with Andrássy Avenue and the Millennium Underground railway[6]. Budapest attracts over 20 million visitors a year[7][8], making it one of the top destinations in Europe. It is now also the third most popular destination in the world for luxury weekend getaways[9], and its Gellért Spa was named the third best thermal bath in the world[10]. Both the Central European University and the CEU Business School are based in Budapest. Mineral Spas were naturally occurring mineral spring locales which grew a reputation in the nineteenth century on into the late middle-twentith century for healing or healthful benefits to those wealthy enough to partake of their waters. ... The Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Monument of Prince Eugene of Savoy Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Andrássy Avenue or Andrássy út (lit. ... The effervescent swimming pool in Gellért Baths Gellért Thermal Baths and Swimming Pool, also called Gellért fürdÅ‘ or Gellért Baths, is one of the most beautiful and most elegant baths in Budapest, built in 1918 in Art Nouveau style. ... Central European University is a US-licensed and accredited university based in Budapest, Hungary. ... The CEU Business School is part of the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. ... The city is home to the largest synagogue in Europe (Great Synagogue), the largest medicinal bath in Europe[11] (Széchenyi Medicinal Bath) and the third largest Parliament building in Europe[12], once the largest in the world[13]. The third largest church in Europe (Esztergom Basilica) and the second largest Baroque castle in the world (Gödöllő) are in the vicinity. ... Exterior The Széchenyi Medicinal Bath in Budapest (Széchenyi-gyógyfürdÅ‘) is the largest medicinal bath in Europe. ... Hungarian Parliament The Parliament from above Grand Stairwell Conference Hall The Hungarian Parliament Building (Hungarian: ) is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, one of the Europes oldest legislative buildings, a notable landmark of Hungary and a popular tourist destination of Budapest. ... The Esztergom Basilica is an ecclesiastic basilica in Esztergom, Hungary, the main church of the Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest, and the seat of the Catholic Church in Hungary. ... Front view of the palace of GödöllÅ‘ GödöllÅ‘ is a small town situated in Pest county, Hungary, about 30 km northeast from the outskirts of Budapest. ... Contents 1 History 1.1 Prehistory and excavations 1.2 Medieval 1.3 Renaissance 1.4 Early Modern Period 1.5 19th Century 1.6 20th Century 1.7 Present day 2 Timeline of the history of Budapest 3 Famous people of Budapest 4 Districts 5 Islands 6 Landmarks and monuments 6.1 Panoramic view points 6.2 Sights and historic places 7 Media portrayals 7.1 Films 7.2 Literature 8 Shopping 9 Transportation 9.1 Airport 9.2 Roads 9.3 Commuting with public transport 9.4 Commuting with public transport 9.5 Special vehicles 9.6 Railway 9.7 Waterways 10 International schools 11 Sister cities 12 Gallery 13 References 13.1 Bibliography 14 See also 15 External links [edit] History Left to right:Castle Quarter,Széchenyi Chain Bridge,Danube Promenade,Parliament Building,Saint Stephen's Basilica Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 113 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,024 × 144 pixels, file size: 127 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The content of this image was reviewed by Devilm25 and afterwards uploaded by FlickrLickr. ... Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Széchenyi Lánchíd by night Széchenyi Lánchíd or Széchenyi Chain Bridge is one of the most famous bridges of Budapest, Hungary. ... The Danube Promenade in Budapest, goes from Széchenyi Chain Bridge, to Erzsébet Bridge. ... Hungarian Parliament The Parliament from above Grand Stairwell Conference Hall The Hungarian Parliament Building (Hungarian: ) is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, one of the Europes oldest legislative buildings, a notable landmark of Hungary and a popular tourist destination of Budapest. ... St Stephens Basilica (Szent István-bazilika in Hungarian) is an ecclesiastic basilica in Budapest, Hungary. ... [edit] Prehistory and excavations Main articles: Hungarian prehistory and Aquincum Parliament Building Mátyás Church Opera, Andrássy Avenue A Lion of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge Castle Quarter Buda by night Heroes' Square Szt. István Bazilika Sándor-Palota Hungarian National Museum Castle Quarter Széchenyi Chain Bridge Fisherman's Bastion Mária Magdolna Tower Gellért Spa Széchenyi Thermal Bath The Great Synagogue Szt. István Bazilika, interior Museum of Ethnography Szt. Erzsébet-templom Castle Quarter The first town, built by Celts, occupied about 30 hectares along the slopes of Gellért Hill (first century BC). It was called Ak Ink (meaning 'spring rich in water'). Archaeological finds suggest that it may have been a densely populated settlement, with a separate district of craftsmen (potteries and bronze foundries). It may have been a trading centre as well, as coins coming from different regions would indicate.[14] The town was occupied by the Romans at the beginning of the Christian era. Its inhabitants moved to the Danube plains, to a city retaining the Celtic name (Aquincum), in the first century. In AD 106 the city became the capital of the province Pannonia Inferior. The headquarters of the governor and significant military force were stationed here, and its population numbered about 20,000. It was frequently involved in wars on the border of the Roman Empire (formed by the Danube).[15] Explanatory note: This article was originally based on The Hungarian Old Country, written in Hungarian by professor István Kiszely, and translated into English by Csaba Hargita. ... Location of the city within the Roman Empire The ancient city of Aquincum was situated on the North-Eastern borders of the Pannonia Province within the Roman Empire. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x900, 396 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Hungarian Parliament Building Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x900, 396 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Hungarian Parliament Building Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Hungarian Parliament The Parliament from above Grand Stairwell Conference Hall The Hungarian Parliament Building (Hungarian: ) is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, one of the Europes oldest legislative buildings, a notable landmark of Hungary and a popular tourist destination of Budapest. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Matthias Church Matthias Church or Mátyás-templom located in Budapest, Hungary at the heart of Budas Castle District. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 527 pixelsFull resolution‎ (850 × 560 pixels, file size: 445 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions Originally from en. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 527 pixelsFull resolution‎ (850 × 560 pixels, file size: 445 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions Originally from en. ... Hungarian State Opera House Interior The Opera House on the left side (1896) The building of the Hungarian State Opera House (Hungarian: Magyar Állami Operaház) is a splendid example of neorenaissaince architecture. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Széchenyi Lánchíd by night Széchenyi Lánchíd or Széchenyi Chain Bridge is one of the most famous bridges of Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 731 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (800 × 656 pixel, file size: 157 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 731 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (800 × 656 pixel, file size: 157 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Heroes Square – overview Heroes Square has statues representing the founders of the Magyar nation 1100 years ago Palace of Art Heroes Square (HÅ‘sök tere in Hungarian) is a large plaza in Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 433 KB)St Stephens Basilica, Budapest, Hungary, is the citys largest ecclesiastical building. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 433 KB)St Stephens Basilica, Budapest, Hungary, is the citys largest ecclesiastical building. ... St Stephens Basilica (Szent István-bazilika in Hungarian) is an ecclesiastic basilica in Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links Sandor_palota. ... Image File history File links Sandor_palota. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 114 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 114 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... // The Hungarian National Museum is said to have been founded in 1802 when Count Ferenc Széchényi set up the National Széchényi Library. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 2298 KB) A pillar of the Budapest Chain Bridge by night. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 2298 KB) A pillar of the Budapest Chain Bridge by night. ... Széchenyi Lánchíd by night Széchenyi Lánchíd or Széchenyi Chain Bridge is one of the most famous bridges of Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,024 × 768 pixels, file size: 124 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,024 × 768 pixels, file size: 124 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... The Halászbástya of Fishermens Bastion is a terrace in neo-gothic style situated on the Buda bank of the the Danube, on the Castle hill in Budapest, around Matthias Church. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 337 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (563 × 1,000 pixels, file size: 256 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to hu. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 337 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (563 × 1,000 pixels, file size: 256 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to hu. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 335 KB) Gellert Spa 2004 Author: Denis Barthel Licence: File links The following pages link to this file: Gellért Baths Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 335 KB) Gellert Spa 2004 Author: Denis Barthel Licence: File links The following pages link to this file: Gellért Baths Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... The effervescent swimming pool in Gellért Baths Gellért Thermal Baths and Swimming Pool, also called Gellért fürdÅ‘ or Gellért Baths, is one of the most beautiful and most elegant baths in Budapest, built in 1918 in Art Nouveau style. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 1362 KB) Taken by Ludovic Lepeltier and by Damien Leblois on August 2004, public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 1362 KB) Taken by Ludovic Lepeltier and by Damien Leblois on August 2004, public domain. ... Exterior The Széchenyi Medicinal Bath in Budapest (Széchenyi-gyógyfürdÅ‘) is the largest medicinal bath in Europe. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,848 × 2,136 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,848 × 2,136 pixels, file size: 1. ... ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1408 × 1056 pixel, file size: 370 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) saint stephens basilica I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1408 × 1056 pixel, file size: 370 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) saint stephens basilica I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... St Stephens Basilica (Szent István-bazilika in Hungarian) is an ecclesiastic basilica in Budapest, Hungary. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 956 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 956 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest Metadata This file contains additional... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (576 × 768 pixel, file size: 56 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (576 × 768 pixel, file size: 56 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 800 pixel, file size: 139 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest Buda Castle ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 800 pixel, file size: 139 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Budapest Buda Castle ... Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár, Turkish: Budin Kalesi) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Celts, normally pronounced //, is a modern term used to describe any of the European peoples who spoke, or speak, a Celtic language. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Location of the city within the Roman Empire The ancient city of Aquincum was situated on the North-Eastern borders of the Pannonia Province within the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see Pannonia (disambiguation). ... [edit] Medieval Main article: Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages The Romans pulled out in the 5th century AD to be succeeded by the Huns through fierce battles[16]. Germanic tribes, Lombards, Avars and Slavs all passed through during the second Age of Migrations (following the split up of the Hun tribe, after Attila the Hun died), until the arrival of the Magyars in about 896. While other tribes spread across the entire Carpathian basin, the clan of Árpád settled down on Csepel sziget (Csepel Island), a very large island surrounded by the deep waters of the Danube, forming a good defensive shelter for the settlers who started agricultural works (south part of Budapest today). It was Árpád's brother, Buda, who gave his name to the west bank of this new settlement. Árpád was the first king of the Magyars (what Hungarians call themselves). It was under the Árpád dynasty that Hungary became a Christian state, ruled first from Esztergom and later from Székesfehérvár. The development of Buda and Pest's wide riverbanks did not really start until the 12th century, and was largely thanks to the French, Walloon and German settlers who migrated here and worked and traded along the banks of the Danube, here under royal protection. Both towns were devastated by the invading Mongols in 1241-42 and subsequently rebuilt by colonists from Germany, who re-named Buda "Ofen", after its numerous lime-kilns. (The "Pest" name, which has a Slav origin, also means "oven".) This article deals with the history of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to c. ... The German term Völkerwanderung (lit. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... Árpád Árpád (c. ... Basilica in Esztergom. ... Székesfehérvár (German: Stuhlweißenburg, Latin: Alba Regia, colloquial Hungarian: Fehérvár, Croatian: Stolni Biograd) is a city in central Hungary, located around 65 km southwest of Budapest. ... [edit] Renaissance Main articles: History of Buda Castle and Ottoman Hungary During the 14th century, the Angevin kings from France established Buda as the royal seat of centralized power. They built a succession of palaces on the Várhegy or Castle Hill, reaching its height in the apogee during the Renaissance times under the reign of "Good King" Mátyás (1458-90) and his Italian-born wife, Queen Beatrice, with a golden age of prosperity and a flourishing of the arts. Hungary's catastrophic defeat by the invading Turks at Mohács in 1526, led by Suleiman I, the Magnificent Sultan, paved the way for the Turkish occupation of Buda and Pest. It lasted for 160 years until a pan-European multinational army besieged Buda Castle for six weeks, finally recapturing it at the 12th attempt, with lots of lives lost on both sides[17]. Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Ottoman Hungary or Muslim Hungary refers to the Turkish-Ottoman age of todays Hungary (1526 - 1699). ... The Buda Castle (Hungarian: Budai Vár) is the historical castle of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. ... Mátyás may refer to: Mátyás Seiber, Hungarian-born composer who lived in England from 1935 onward Mátyás Szűrös, Hungarian politician See also Matthew (name) Category: ... Look up Beatrice in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mohács (Croatian and Bunjevac: Mohač, Serbian: Мохач, German: Mohatsch, Turkish: Mohaç) is a town in Baranya county, Hungary on the right bank of the Danube, 115 miles south of Budapest. ... [edit] Early Modern Period Main articles: Palatinal Crypt, Interiors of Buda Castle, and History of Hungary 1700-1919 Under Habsburg rule, with control directly administered from Vienna or Bratislava, recovery was followed by a rejuvenating period of intense economic and architectural growth. During the second half of the eighteenth century, Budapest was often referred to as the twin city to Vienna, due to its influence in the design of the buildings during this period of "occupation"[18]. Tombstone of Palatine Joseph, work of György Zala The Palatinal Crypt (Hungarian: ; German: ) in Buda Castle, Budapest is the burial place of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg dynasty, founded by Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary. ... The interiors of Buda Castle, the former palace of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary were all destroyed during WW2 and the post-war reconstruction (except the Palatinal Crypt). ... This article describes the History of Hungary between the 18th century and the early 20th century (1699 - 1919). ... [edit] 19th Century Main articles: István Széchenyi, Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and Austria-Hungary In the first decades of the following century, Pest became the center of the Reform movement led by Count Széchenyi, whose vision of progress was embodied in the construction of the Lánchíd (Chain Bridge). This became the first permanent bridge between Buda and Pest, which had until then, relied strictly on pontoon bridges or barges and ferries. When the Habsburg empire was shaken by a multitude of anti-king and anti-monarchy revolutions which broke out in its domain across Europe in early 1848, local reformists and radicals took advantage of the opportunity. With the leadership of Lajos Kossuth (1802-94) and the "people's rights-liberals" dominated parliament, Sándor Petőfi (1823-49), also a renowned poet, and his fellow impromptu revolutionaries began to plot downfall of the Habsburgs in Budapest at the Café Pilvax (which exists to this day in central Pest). From here, they planned and mobilized crowds on the streets of Pest, leading to the steps of the National Museum where Petőfi recited his moving "call to arms" poem which roused up the crowds and gave a push start of emotions to the people, spreading like wildfire as residents passed it on as word of mouth, creating passion for the revolution, similar to the French revolution before. After the civil war of fighting for independence ended in defeat for the Hungarians, Habsburg repression was epitomized by the newly built Citadella on top of Gellért Hill, built to frighten the citizens with its cannons and large garrison of soldiers overlooking the entire city. Following the agreement of Compromise of 1867 which made an allowance for a Dual Monarchy, familiarly known to its subjects as the K&K (based on German for "Emperor and King"), the twin cities underwent rapid growth and expansion, and finally formally merged. Pest was extensively remodeled in the image of Vienna, acquiring the main artery: Nagykörút (Great Boulevard) and Andrássy Avenue which led out to Heroes' Square and a great park with fountains and lakes. Budapest's millennial anniversary celebrations of the settlement of the Magyars in the region in 1896 brought a fresh rush of construction and development. The Heroes' Square and Vajdahunyad Castle, located at end of Andrássy Avenue are just two perfect examples of the monumental scale and style that influenced the period. New suburbs were created to make room and house the rapidly growing and financially expanding population, which by now was predominantly Magyar, although there developed a sizable German as well as a Jewish community due to immigration to the city[19]. Count István Széchenyi, in Hungarian: Gróf Széchenyi István, born in Vienna, 21 September 1791 and died in Döbling, 8 April 1860. ... The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many revolutions that year and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Portrait of Count István Széchenyi by Friedrich von Amerling Gróf Széchenyi István (Count Stephen Széchenyi) (September 21, 1791, Vienna, Austria-Hungary – April 8, 1860 Döbling), known as The Greatest Hungarian, was a Hungarian politician and writer, one of the founding fathers of New... Széchenyi lánchíd or Széchenyi Chain Bridge is a suspension bridge that spans River Danube between Buda and Pest, the west and east side of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. ... Lajos Kossuth Lajos Louis Kossuth [] (Monok, September 19, 1802–Turin, March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, politician and Regent-President of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1849. ... Sándor PetÅ‘fi The native form of this personal name is PetÅ‘fi Sándor. ... A national museum is a museum maintained by a nation. ... Citadella upon Gellért Hill, Budapest Citadella is the Hungarian word for Citadel, a kind of fortress. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... The Term Heroes Square may refer to the following places: Heldenplatz, Vienna Heroes Square, Budapest Heroes Square, Miskolc Category: ... [edit] 20th Century Main articles: Conflict between Charles I of Austria and Miklós Horthy, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944), People's Republic of Hungary, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, and Goulash Communism At the beginning of the 20th century the cultural efflorescence and sparkling energy of abundance and well-being of Budapest rivaled that of Vienna and its café society that of Paris, a belle époque extinguished by World War I. In the aftermath of defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the development of Budapest was slowed down by political upheavals and the war of national defense with Romania and Czech-Slovakia. Later, status quo was restored by a charismatic leader in the person of Admiral Horthy (a Navy Admiral), self-appointed regent for the exiled King Karl IV. His domain and regency was characterized by gala balls as well as hunger marches by the poor, of nationalism and anti-Semitism by inheritance, again inherited by joining the wrong side (the Nazis), who promised the sweet reward of re-joining of the Hungarian nation as a whole in the post-Trianon era (which cut away half of the Hungarian population from its home and made it part of surrounding nations.) Yet Horthy was considered a moderate compared to the Arrow Cross Fascists of Hungary, whose power grew as World War II raged across Europe. Anticipating and knowing about Horthy's communication with the Allies and possible defection from the Axis alliance in 1944, Nazi Germany staged a coup and overthrew Horthy as the leader. The Germans installed an Arrow Cross government which enabled the latter to begin the unobstructed massacre of the Jews of Budapest. Before World War II, approximately 200,000 Jews lived in Budapest, making it the center of Hungarian Jewish cultural life[20]. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Budapest was a safe haven for Jewish refugees. Before the war some 5,000 refugees, primarily from Germany and Austria, arrived in Budapest. With the beginning of deportations of Jews from Slovakia in March 1942, as many as 8,000 Slovak Jewish refugees also settled in Budapest. Hungary was allied with Nazi Germany. Despite discriminatory legislation against the Jews and widespread antisemitism, the Jewish community of Budapest was relatively secure until the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944. With the occupation, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council in Budapest and severely restricted Jewish life. Apartments occupied by Jews were confiscated. Hundreds of Jews were rounded up and interned in the Kistarcsa transit camp (originally established by Hungarian authorities), 15 miles northeast of Budapest. Between April and July 1944, the Germans and Hungarians deported Jews from the Hungarian provinces. By the end of July, the Jews in Budapest were virtually the only Jews remaining in Hungary. They were not immediately ghettoized. Instead, in June 1944, Hungarian authorities ordered the Jews into over 2,000 designated buildings scattered throughout the city. The buildings were marked with Stars of David. About 25,000 Jews from the suburbs of Budapest were rounded up and transported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Hungarian authorities suspended the deportations in July 1944, sparing the remaining Jews of Budapest, at least temporarily. Many Jews searched for places of hiding or for protection. They were aided by Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg and other foreign diplomats who organized false papers and safe houses for them. These actions saved tens of thousands of Jews. In October 1944, Germany orchestrated a coup and installed a new Hungarian government dominated by the fascist Arrow Cross party. The remaining Jews of Budapest were again in grave danger. The Arrow Cross instituted a reign of terror in Budapest and hundreds of Jews were shot. Jews were also drafted for brutal forced labor. On November 8, 1944, the Hungarians concentrated more than 70,000 Jews--men, women, and children--in the Ujlaki brickyards in Obuda, and from there forced them to march on foot to camps in Austria. Thousands were shot and thousands more died as a result of starvation or exposure to the bitter cold. The prisoners who survived the death march reached Austria in late December 1944. There, the Germans took them to various concentration camps, especially Dachau in southern Germany and Mauthausen in northern Austria, and to Vienna, where they were employed in the construction of fortifications around the city. In November 1944, the Arrow Cross ordered the remaining Jews in Budapest into a closed ghetto. Jews who did not have protective papers issued by a neutral power were to move to the ghetto by early December. Between December 1944 and the end of January 1945, the Arrow Cross took as many as 20,000 Jews from the ghetto, shot them along the banks of the Danube, and threw their bodies into the river. Soviet forces liberated Budapest on February 13, 1945. More than 100,000 Jews remained in the city at liberation[21]. Upon retreating, the Germans also blew up all the Danube bridges as a way of hampering the progress of the Communist Red Army of the Soviets. A six month long siege of Budapest reduced the entire city, but mostly the Castle District to rubble, as it was assigned to the mostly Hungarian army with German leadership to defend and to "hold back". Most roofs in Budapest were blown in by Soviet bombs, walls blown in by Soviet tanks. The occupants sought shelter in cellars and ate dead horsemeat found in the streets just to survive. As the Communists gained power by force as the Americans an other Allies retreated and gave way, fearing the Communists, the former Arrow Cross torture chambers in the prisons filled up once again. But this time with the Soviet appointed staff made up mostly of opportunity seekers to gain wealth and power over their neighbors. However there was some brightness for the suffering population, his liberally inclined successor, Imre Nagy[opinion needs balancing][22]. He gave hope to the people who refused to tolerate a comeback of the earlier hardliner communists of the 1956 regime -- where tens and thousands of innocent people were massacred in the streets of Budapest -- while the Hungarian Communist leaders attempted to regain power. In Budapest, peaceful protests turned into a city-wide uprising literally overnight, with men, women and children defying Soviet tanks on the streets. Thousands of women and children slaughtered "on sight"[opinion needs balancing], day and night if found on the streets or at whim. Starvation and oppression was used as a standard tool by the Communist Hungarians who changed sides for their own gains[unreliable source?][23]. Random arrests initiated many times by neighbors as informants made people disappear into trucks, never to be heard from again. Soviet power had been forcefully restored, and a new Soviet-elected leader emerged in the person of János Kádár. He embarked on cautious reforms to create a "Goulash Communism" that made Hungary stand out from its Warsaw Pact neighbors. Due to the cooperative efforts of Kádár and huge loans taken from the West to offset the failing economy, Hungary became the favorite Communist state of the West by the late 1970's. A decade later, the self-empowered regime saw the writing on the wall and anticipated Gorbachev by promising free elections hoping to reap public gratitude[opinion needs balancing][24]. Instead, as Communism was toppled in Berlin and Prague, the only party, the Communist Party, was simply voted out of power in Hungary, initiating a peaceful transition from one system to another. Hungarians simply refer to all that has happened since then as "the Changes". After Miklós Horthy had been chosen Regent of Hungary on 1 March 1920, Charles IV of Hungary (Charles I of Austria) returned to Hungary twice, each time trying unsuccessfully to retake his throne. ... Map of Hungary before after the Vienna Awards and the invasion of Yugoslavia in World War II. Capital Budapest Language(s) Hungarian Religion Roman Catholic Government Constitutional monarchy King Vacant ¹ Regent Miklós Horthy Prime Minister  - 1920 Sándor Simonyi-Semadam (first)  - 1944 Géza Lakatos (last) Legislature National Assembly... The Peoples Republic of Hungary was the name used by Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period. ... Combatants Soviet Union; ÁVH (Hungarian State Security Police) Ad hoc local Hungarian militias Commanders Ivan Konev Various independent militia leaders Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks Unknown number of militia and rebelling soldiers Casualties 722 killed, 1,251 wounded[1] 2,500 killed 13,000 wounded[2] The Hungarian... Goulash Communism (Hungarian: gulyáskommunizmus) is a term sometimes used to denote the variety of socialism as practised in the Hungarian Peoples Republic between 1962-63 and 1989. ... Admiral Horthy inspecting the German fleet with Adolf Hitler Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz Nagybányai Horthy Miklós in Hungarian) (June 18, 1868–February 9, 1957) was a Hungarian Admiral and statesman and served as the Regent of Hungary from March 1, 1920 until October... The negotiations on June 4, 1920. ... Flag of the Arrow Cross Party The Arrow Cross (Nyilaskereszt) originated in Hungary in the 1930s as the symbol of the leading Hungarian fascist political party, the Arrow Cross Party, led by Ferenc Szálasi, an ex-army major. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... Imre Nagy. ... POV, as opposed to NPOV, in an article means that it is affected by an editors point of view. ... POV, as opposed to NPOV, in an article means that it is affected by an editors point of view. ... János Kádár, né Giovanni Csermanek (his Italian first name was due to the laws of Fiume, his father denied paternity and refused to support his mother Borbála[1]) (May 26, 1912–July 6, 1989), was the communist leader of Hungary from 1956 to 1988, and twice... Goulash Communism (Hungarian: gulyáskommunizmus) is a term sometimes used to denote the variety of socialism as practised in the Hungarian Peoples Republic between 1962-63 and 1989. ... Not to be confused with the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: ; Pronunciation: mih-kha-ILL ser-GHE-ye-vich gor-bah-CHOFF) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... POV, as opposed to NPOV, in an article means that it is affected by an editors point of view. ... [edit] Present day Main articles: Gábor Demszky and Politics of Hungary Following the transition of the political system, Budapest succeeded in taking advantage of new economic possibilities and pursuing development more efficiently than the other parts of the country. Upon the shutdown of Socialist industrial plants plenty of new workplaces were generated, especially on the fields of service and trade industries. In the Budapest area unemployment is the lowest and average income per capita is the highest. The local government law legislated after the transition provided new rights or licenses for the districts of Budapest. The Metropolitan Government has difficulties conducting an autonomous civic policy. Local minority governments had also sprang forth, active mainly on cultural fields. Soroksár was added as a new autonomous district in 1994. Gábor Demszky, a member of the liberal Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), has been the mayor of Budapest since 1990. Gábor Demszky is a Hungarian politician, lawyer and sociologist by qualification. ... The Republic of Hungary is an independent, democratic and constitutional state. ... Gábor Demszky is a Hungarian politician, lawyer and sociologist by qualification. ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... Stylized party logo Simple party logo The Alliance of Free Democrats - the Hungarian Liberal Party (Hungarian: Szabad-Demokraták szövetsége - a Magyar Liberális Párt, abbreviation SZDSZ) is a liberal party in Hungary, led by Gábor Kuncze. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... The capital city is the centre of all political affairs, with most countries' embassies located in the city. [