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The history of Buddhism in Japan can be roughly divided into three periods, namely the Nara period (up to 784 CE), the Heian period (794–1185 CE) and the post-Heian period (1185 CE onwards). Each period saw the introduction of new doctrines and upheavals in existing schools. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1304 KB) For camera information and shooting conditions see the EXIF info fields, contained in the file. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1304 KB) For camera information and shooting conditions see the EXIF info fields, contained in the file. ...
Kamakuras location in Japan Crowds of visitors in Kamakura (Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine) Great Buddha at KÅtoku-in Kamakura (Japanese: 鎌倉市; -shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan, about 50 km south-south-west of Tokyo (to which it is linked by the railway line to Yokosuka). ...
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...
The Nara period ) of the history of Japan covers the years from about AD 710 to 784. ...
The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Heian Period. ...
In modern times, there are three main paths of Buddhism, to which all schools of Japanese Buddhism belong: the Amidist (Pure Land) schools, Nichiren Buddhism, and Zen Buddhism. A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ...
The Buddha Amitabha, 13th century, Kamakura, Japan. ...
Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮系諸宗派: Nichiren-kei sho shūha) is a branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–1282). ...
A woodblock print by Yoshitoshi, (Japan, 1887) depicting Bodhidharma the founder of Chinese Zen. ...
Arrival along the Silk Road
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The arrival of Buddhism in Japan is ultimately a consequence the first contacts between China and Central Asia which occurred with the opening of the Silk Road in the 2nd century BC, following the travels of Zhang Qian between 138 and 126 BCE, which culminated with the official introduction of Buddhism in China in 67 CE. Historians generally agree that by the middle of the 1st century, the religion had penetrated to areas north of the Huai River. Buddhism then made its way to Korea from China, and finally to Japan around the 5th century AD. Blue-eyed Central Asian and East-Asian Buddhist monks, Bezaklik, Eastern Tarim Basin, 9th-10th century. ...
A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ...
The Silk Road Silk Route redirects here. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 2nd century BC started on January 1, 200 BC and ended on December 31, 101 BC. // Coin of Antiochus IV. Reverse shows Apollo seated on an omphalos. ...
Zhang Qian (張騫) was an imperial envoy in the 2nd century BCE, during the time of the Han Dynasty. ...
(Redirected from 138 BCE) Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC - 130s BC - 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC Years: 143 BC 142 BC 141 BC 140 BC 139 BC - 138 BC...
(Redirected from 126 BCE) Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC - 120s BC - 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC Years: 131 BC 130 BC 129 BC 128 BC 127 BC - 126 BC...
Shakyamuni Buddha teaching. ...
This article is about the Korean peninsula and civilization. ...
Early Chinese accounts In 467 CE, according to the Chinese historic treatise Liang Shu, five monks from Gandhara traveled to the country of Fusang (Chinese: 扶桑, Jp: Fusō: "The country of the extreme East" beyond the sea, probably eastern Japan), where they introduced Buddhism:[citation needed] Events April 12 - Anthemius elevated to Western Roman Emperor Births Leo II, Byzantine emperor Cerdic of Wessex (approximate date). ...
The history of China is told in traditional historical records that refer as far back as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors about 5,000 years ago, supplemented by archaeological records dating to the 16th century BC. China is one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. ...
The Book of Liang (Ch: 梁書, Liangshu), was compiled under Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 635. ...
GandhÄra (Sanskrit: गनà¥à¤§à¤¾à¤°, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ...
Fusang (扶桑) was described by a Buddhist missionary, Hoei-Shin (慧深) in 499 AD, as a place 20,000 Chinese miles to the east of China. ...
Fusang is located to the east of China, 20,000 li (1,500 kilometers) east of the state of Da Han (itself east of the state of Wa in modern Kyūshū, Japan). (...) In former times, the people of Fusang knew nothing of the Buddhist religion, but in the second year of Da Ming of the Song Dynasty (467 CE), five monks from Kipin (Kabul region of Gandhara) travelled by ship to Fusang. They propagated Buddhist doctrine, circulated scriptures and drawings, and advised the people to relinquish worldly attachments. As a results the customs of Fusang changed (In the original Ch: "扶桑在大漢國東二萬餘里,地在中國之東(...)其俗舊無佛法,宋大明二年,罽賓國嘗有比丘五人游行至其國,流通佛法,經像,教令出家,風 俗遂改", Liang Shu, 7th century CE). Fusang (扶桑) was described by a Buddhist missionary, Hoei-Shin (慧深) in 499 AD, as a place 20,000 Chinese miles to the east of China. ...
Li: A Chinese unit of distance, 里 (LÇ), a li is equal to 500 metres, or about 1/3 mile. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Emperor Ming of Liu Song ((劉)宋明å¸) (439-472), personal name Liu Yu (劉彧), courtesy name Xiubing (休炳), nickname Rongqi (榮期), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. ...
The Song Dynasty (宋æœ, previous spelling Sung) (420-479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, followed by the Qi Dynasty. ...
For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ...
GandhÄra (Sanskrit: गनà¥à¤§à¤¾à¤°, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ...
The Book of Liang (Ch: 梁書, Liangshu), was compiled under Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 635. ...
The initial period saw the introduction onto Japanese soil of the six great Chinese schools, including the Hua-Yen and Lu, that became respectively the Kegon and Ritsu in Japanese. In terms of geography, the six sects were centered around the capital city of Nara, where great temples such as the Todaiji and Hokkeji were erected. However, the Buddhism of this early period – later known as the Nara period – was not a practical religion, being more the domain of learned priests whose official function was to pray for the peace and prosperity of the state and imperial house. This kind of Buddhism had little to offer the illiterate and uneducated masses, and led to the growth of “people’s priests” who were not ordained and had no formal Buddhist training. Their practice was a combination of Buddhist and Taoist elements, and the incorporation of shamanistic features of the indigenous religion. These figures became immensely popular, and were a source of criticism towards the sophisticated academic and bureaucratic Buddhism of the capital.
Nara Period The introduction of Buddhism to Japan is securely dated to 552 in Nihon Shoki, when Seong of Baekje sent monks from the Korean peninsula to Nara to introduce the eight doctrinal schools. Initial uptake of the new faith was slow, and Buddhism only started to spread some years later when Empress Suiko openly encouraged the acceptance of Buddhism among all Japanese people. In 607, in order to obtain copies of Sutras, an imperial envoy was dispatched to Sui dynasty China. As time progressed and the number of Buddhist clergy increased, the offices of Sojo (archbishop) and Sozu (bishop) were created. By 627 there were 46 Buddhist temples, 816 Buddhist priests, and 569 Buddhist nuns in Japan. Tile with seated Buddha, Nara Prefecture, Asuka period, 7th century. ...
Tile with seated Buddha, Nara Prefecture, Asuka period, 7th century. ...
Media:Example. ...
Nara Prefecture ) is part of the Kinki region on Honshū Island, Japan. ...
The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Yamato period. ...
The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...
The Tokyo National Museum. ...
A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ...
Nihonshoki (日本書紀) is the second oldest history book about the ancient history of Japan. ...
Seong (d. ...
The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. ...
Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ...
Empress Suiko , 554–April 15, 628[1]) was the 33rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, and the first known woman to hold this position. ...
To suck the phallus or penis of another. ...
SUI can be the IOC country code or the FIFA country code for Switzerland SUI can be an acronym for sonic user interface (similar to GUI for graphical user interface). ...
Events April 11 - Paulinus, a Roman missionary, baptizes King Edwin of Deira December 12 - Battle of Nineveh: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians Births Deaths November 10 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury Categories: 627 ...
There were traditionally six schools of Buddhism in Nara Japan: Ritsu (Vinaya), Jojitsu (Satyasiddhi), Kusha (Abhidharma) Sanron (Madhyamika), Hosso (Yogacara), and Kegon (Hua-yen).[1]However they were not exclusive schools, and temples were apt to have scholars versed in several of the schools. It has been suggested that they can best be thought of as "study groups". The Ritsu (律宗) school of Buddhism is one of the six schools of Nara Buddhism in Japan, noted for its use of the Vinaya textual framework of the Dharmaguptaka, one of the early schools of Buddhism. ...
The Vinaya (a word in Pali as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning discipline) is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ...
Kusha (Japanese:倶舎宗) was one of six Buddhist schools in Japan in the Nara period (710–784). ...
The abhidhamma is the name of one of the three pitakas, or baskets of tradition, into which the Tipitaka (Pali; Sanskrit: Tripitaka), the canon of early Buddhism, is divided. ...
Sanlun or literally Three Treatise School was a Chinese school of Buddhism based upon the Indian Madhyamaka tradition, founded by Nagarjuna. ...
Madhyamaka is a Buddhist philosophical tradition that asserts that all phenomena are empty of self-nature or essence (Sanskrit: Svabhāva), that they have no intrinsic, independent reality apart from the causes and conditions from which they arise. ...
Dharma-character school (Chinese: 法相宗 pinyin fa xiang zong) is the pejorative name for a stream of thought that represented the Indian Yogācāra system of thought in East Asia. ...
YogÄcÄra (Sanskrit: yoga practice), also spelled yogÄchÄra, is an influential school of philosophy and psychology that developed in Indian Mahayana Buddhism starting sometime in the fourth to fifth centuries C.E., also commonly known as consciousness-only or mind-only (Sanskrit: cittamÄtra) (although scholars increasingly...
Kegon ([kegõɴ], or in some dialects, [keŋõɴ]) is the name of the Japanese transmission of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism, via the Korean Hwaeom tradition. ...
Huayan (華嚴, Pinyin: huáyán, Sanskrit: Avatamsaka) or Flower Garland is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that flourished in China during the Tang period. ...
Ritsu Founded by Dàoxuān (道宣, Jp. Dosen), China, c. 650 AD
First Introduction to Japan: Ganjin (鑑真), 753 AD. The Ritsu school specialized in the Vinaya (the monastic rules in the Tripitaka). They used the Dharmagupta version of the vinaya which is known in Japanese as Shibunritsu 四分律) Dà oxuÄn (Chinese:é“宣; Wade-Giles: Tao-hsüan; CE 596-667) was the Chinese Buddhist monk who wrote both the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks (續高僧傳 Xù gÄosÄ“ng zhuà n) and Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction. ...
Dry-lacquer statue of Jianzhen made shortly after his death. ...
The Vinaya (a word in Pali as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning discipline) is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ...
The Tripiá¹aka (Sanskrit तà¥à¤°à¤¿à¤ªà¤¿à¤Ÿà¤•, lit. ...
Jojitsu The Satyasiddhi school is considered to be an offshoot of the Sautrantika school, one of the Nikaya schools of Indian Buddhism (see early Buddhist schools). They were distinguished by a rejection of the Abhidharma as not being the "word of the Buddha". The name means literally, "Ends with the Sutras", which refers to the traditional order of texts in the Tripitaka—vinaya, sutra, abhidharma. The Sautrāntika school of Buddhism split from the Sarvāstivādins sometime between 50 BCE and c. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Early Buddhist schools. ...
A fresco from the Ajanta caves in Maharashtra, India, once a gathering places for Buddhist monks. ...
Divisions among the early Buddhist schools came about due to doctrinal or practical differences in the views of the Buddhist Sangha following the death of the Buddha. ...
The Tripiá¹aka (Sanskrit तà¥à¤°à¤¿à¤ªà¤¿à¤Ÿà¤•, lit. ...
Tokyo National Museum. ...
Tokyo National Museum. ...
The Tokyo National Museum. ...
Kusha Introduced into Japan from China during the Nara period (710–784). The school takes its name from its authoritative text, the Abidatsuma-kusha-ron(Sanskrit:Abhidharma-kosa), by the 4th- or 5th-century Indian philosopher Vasubandhu. The Kusha school is considered to be an offshoot of the Indian Sarvastivada school. Vasubandhu (Sanskrit. ...
Sarvastivada is a school of Buddhism. ...
Sanron Literally: Three-Discourse School; a Madhyamika school which developed in China based on two discourses by Nagarjuna and one by Aryadeva. This school was transmitted to Japan in the 7th century. Madhyamika is one of the two most important Mahayana philosophies, and reemphasizes the original Buddhist teachings that phenomena are neither truly existent or absolutely non-existent, but are characterized by impermanence and insubstantially. Madhyamaka is a Buddhist philosophical tradition that asserts that all phenomena are empty of self-nature or essence (Sanskrit: Svabhāva), that they have no intrinsic, independent reality apart from the causes and conditions from which they arise. ...
For other uses, see Nagarjuna (disambiguation). ...
Aryadeva (3rd Century CE), was a disciple of Nagarjuna and author of several important Mahayana Madhyamaka Buddhist texts. ...
Madhyamaka is a Buddhist philosophical tradition that asserts that all phenomena are empty of self-nature or essence (Sanskrit: Svabhāva), that they have no intrinsic, independent reality apart from the causes and conditions from which they arise. ...
Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ...
Hosso The Yogacara (瑜伽行派 Yugagyouha) schools are based on early Indian Buddhist thought by masters such as Vasubandhu, and are also known as "consciousness only" since they teach a form of idealism which posits that all phenomena are phenomena of the mind. The Hosso school was founded by Xuanzang (玄奘, Jp. Genjo), China, c. 630 AD, and introduced to Japan in 654 AD. The Discourse on the Theory of Consciousness-Only (Jo yuishikiron 成唯識論) is an important text for the Hosso school. YogÄcÄra (Sanskrit: yoga practice), also spelled yogÄchÄra, is an influential school of philosophy and psychology that developed in Indian Mahayana Buddhism starting sometime in the fourth to fifth centuries C.E., also commonly known as consciousness-only or mind-only (Sanskrit: cittamÄtra) (although scholars increasingly...
Vasubandhu (Sanskrit. ...
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. ...
A portrait of Xuanzang Xuanzang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsüan-tsang; CantoneseIPA: jyn4tsɔŋ1; CantoneseJyutping: jyun4zong1) was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler and translator that brought up the interaction between China and India in the early Tang period. ...
Kegon Also known by its Chinese name Huayen (華厳), the Kegon school was founded by Dushun (杜順, Jp. Dojun), China, c. 600 AD, and introduced to Japan by Bodhisena in 736 AD. The Avatamsaka Sutra (Kegonkyo 華厳経) is the central text for the Kegon school. Huayan (華嚴, Pinyin: huáyán, Sanskrit: Avatamsaka) or Flower Garland is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that flourished in China during the Tang period. ...
Dushun (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Tu-shun, 557–640) was the first patriarch of the Chinese Buddhist Huayan school. ...
The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people. ...
Bodhisena (Sanskrit. ...
The Kegon school of Buddhism arrives in Japan via Korea, when RÅben invites the Korean monk Simsang to lecture, and formally founds Japans Kegon tradition in the TÅdaiji temple. ...
The Avataṃsaka SÅ«tra (Chinese è¯åš´ç¶“; pinyin hua yan jing) is one of the most influential scriptures in East Asian Buddhism. ...
Heian Period The Late Nara period saw the introduction of Esoteric Buddhism (密教, Jp. mikkyo) to Japan from China, by Kūkai and Saichō, who founded the Shingon and Tendai schools. The later Heian period saw the formation of the first truly Japanese school of Buddhism, that of Nichiren. Painting of KÅ«kai (774-835). ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Shingon (真言宗) is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and the most important school of Vajrayana Buddhism outside of the Himalayan region. ...
Tendai (Japanese: 天å°å®—, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ...
Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282), born Zennichimaro (善日麿), later ZeshÅ-bÅ RenchÅ (是生房蓮長), and finally Nichiren (日蓮), was a Buddhist monk of 13th century Japan. ...
Tendai Known as Tiantai (天台) in China, the Tendai school was founded by Zhiyi (智顗, Jp Chigi) in China, c. 550 AD. In 804 Saichō (最澄) traveled to China to study at the Tiantai teachings, at Mount Tiantai. However before his return he also studied, and was initiated into the practice of the Vajrayana - with emphasis on the Mahavairocana Sutra. The primary text of Tiantai is Lotus Sutra (Hokkekyo 法華経), but when Saichō established his school in Japan he incorporated the study and practice of Vajrayana as well. Tiantai (天å°å®—, Wade-Giles: Tien Tai) is one of the thirteen schools of Buddhism in China and Japan, also called the Lotus Sutra School because of its emphasis on the supremacy of that scripture. ...
Tendai (Japanese: 天å°å®—, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ...
Zhiyi (智顗 Wade-Giles: Chih-i) (538 - 597) is traditionally listed as the fourth patriarch, but actually is the founder of the Tiantai sect of Buddhism in China. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The Lotus Sutra or Sutra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma (Sanskrit: Saddharma Puṇá¸arÄ«ka SÅ«tra; 妙法蓮è¯ç¶“ Chinese: Mià ofÇŽ LiánhuÄ JÄ«ng; Japanese: MyÅhÅ Renge KyÅ; Korean: Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong) is one of the most popular and influential MahÄyÄna sutras in East Asia and...
Kūkai traveled to China in 804 as part of the same expedition as Saichō. In the T'ang capital he studied esoteric Buddhism, Sanskrit and received initiation from Huikuo. On returning to Japan Kūkai eventually managed to establish Shingon (真言) as a school in its own right. Kūkai received two lineages of teaching—one based on the Mahavairochana Sutra (Dainichikyo 大日経), and the other based on the Vajrashekhara. Shingon (眞言,真言), also called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and one of two major sub-schools of Vajrayana Buddhism, the other being Tibetan Buddhism. ...
Painting of KÅ«kai (774-835). ...
China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong - 904-907 Emperor Ai History - Li Yuan...
The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...
The Kinkaku-ji Temple (aka the Golden Temple) reflecting on the water. ...
The Kinkaku-ji Temple (aka the Golden Temple) reflecting on the water. ...
Kinkaku-ji, the Gold Pavilion Kinkaku-ji from across the water Kinkakuji (Jp. ...
Kyoto ) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. ...
Kamakura to Modern Period The Kamakura period saw the introduction of the two schools that had perhaps the greatest impact on the country: the Amidist Pure Land schools, promulgated by evangelists such as Genshin and articulated by monks such as Hōnen, which emphasize salvation through faith in Amitabha and remain the largest Buddhist sect in Japan (and throughout Asia); and the more philosophical Zen schools, which were equally rapidly adopted by the upper classes and had a profound impact on Japanese culture. The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Kamakura Period. ...
The Buddha Amitabha, 13th century, Kamakura, Japan. ...
Genshin (942-1017) was the most influential of a number evangelists active during the eleventh and twelfth centuries in Japan. ...
HÅnen (also HÅnen Bo Genku) (法然; 1133-1212) was a Japanese born Buddhist and the founder of the first independent branch of Pure Land Buddhism known as Jodo Shu. ...
Amitabha Buddha pictured in the Ushiku Daibutsu in Japan AmitÄbha (Sanskrit: अमिताà¤à¤ƒ, AmitÄbhaḥ; Chinese: 阿彌陀佛, Ä’mÃtuó Fó; Japanese: 阿弥陀如æ¥, Amida Nyorai; Vietnamese: 阿彌陀佛, A Di Ãà Pháºt; Tibetan: འོད་དཔག་མེད་; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Mongolian: CaÉ£lasi ügei gerel-tü) is a celestial buddha described in the scriptures of the MahÄyÄna school...
For other uses, see Zen (disambiguation). ...
Japanese culture and language Japans isolation until the arrival of the Black Ships and the Meiji era produced a culture distinctively different from any other, and echoes of this uniqueness persist today. ...
Amidist Schools
Founder: Huiyuan (慧遠, Jp. Eon), China, c. 400 AD
Chinese name: Jingtu (浄土) "Pure Land"
First Introduction to Japan: Honen (法然), 1175 AD
Doctrine: nembutsu (念仏, "prayer to Buddha")
Primary Text: Infinite Life Sutra (Muryojukyo 無量壽経) JÅdo shÅ« (浄土宗 The Pure Land School), also known as Jodo Buddhism, is a branch of Pure Land Buddhism derived from the teachings of the Japanese ex-Tendai monk Honen. ...
Huiyuan (334-417 B.C) was a Buddhist teacher who founded a monastery in Jianxi province and wrote the text ‘A Monk Does Not Bow Down Before A King’ (404B.C.). Huiyuan worked with monks, lay people, and even rulers to further Buddhist principles and Buddhist acceptance in China. ...
The Buddha Amitabha, 13th century, Kamakura, Japan. ...
Honen Shonin (法然; 1133-1212) is credited with the establishment of Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan. ...
The Infinite Life Sutra, or Larger Pure Land Sutra, is a Mahayana Buddhist text associated with Pure Land Buddhism. ...
Founder: Shinran (親鸞), 1224 AD
Japanese name: 浄土真, "True Pure Land"
Major Influences: Jodo
Doctrine: shintai zokutai (真諦俗諦, "Real Truth, Common Truth")
Primary Text: Infinite Life Sutra (Muryojukyo 無量壽経) JÅdo ShinshÅ« ), also known as Shin Buddhism, was founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran Shonin. ...
Shinran Shonin (親鸞è–人) (1173-1263) was a pupil of Honen and the founder of the Jodo Shinshu (or True Pure Land) sect in Japan. ...
Jodo (Japanese:æ–è¡“), or Jojutsu, is a Japanese martial art using staves (jo), similar to bojutsu, in defense against the Japanese sword. ...
The Infinite Life Sutra, or Larger Pure Land Sutra, is a Mahayana Buddhist text associated with Pure Land Buddhism. ...
Zen Schools Several variants of Zen (禅宗) were separately brought to Japan. Note that Zen influences are identifiable earlier in Japanese Buddhism, esp. cross-fertilization with Hosso and Kegon, but the independent schools were formed quite late. For other uses, see Zen (disambiguation). ...
Founders: Caoshan (曹山, Jp. Sosan) and Dongshan (洞山, Jp. Tosan), China, c. 850
Chinese name: Caodong (曹洞), named after its founders
First Introduction to Japan: Dogen (道元), 1227 AD
Major Influences: Tendai, Hosso, Kegon
Doctrine: zazen (坐禅, "sitting meditation"), especially shikantaza
Primary Texts: Transcendental Wisdom Sutras aka Prajnaparamita Sutras (般若波羅蜜経), incl. Heart Sutra For the vegetable, see Celosia. ...
Tung Shan (806-869) (Tozan Ryokai, ) was an ancient Chinese Chan (Zen, ) master whom is the credited founder of the Tsao-tung Chan lineage, also known as Soto Zen which was brought to Japan by Dogen Zenji. ...
Caodong (Chinese 曹洞宗) is a Chinese Zen Buddhist sect founded by Dongshan Liangjie and his Dharma_heirs in the 9th century. ...
DÅgen Zenji DÅgen Zenji (é“元禅師; also Kigen DÅgen 希玄é“å…ƒ) (19 January 1200–22 September 1253) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist teacher born in KyÅto, and the founder of the SÅtÅ school of Zen in Japan. ...
Tendai (Japanese: 天å°å®—, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ...
Dharma-character school (Chinese: 法相宗 pinyin fa xiang zong) is the pejorative name for a stream of thought that represented the Indian Yogācāra system of thought in East Asia. ...
Kegon ([kegõɴ], or in some dialects, [keŋõɴ]) is the name of the Japanese transmission of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism, via the Korean Hwaeom tradition. ...
Kodo Sawaki practicing zazen Zazen (å禅) is at the heart of Zen Buddhist practice. ...
Shikantaza (åªç®¡æ‰“å) is literally translated as only focused on doing sitting. More often it is called: just sitting or silent illumination. It is the main meditation technique of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism. ...
Perfection of Wisdom is a translation of the Sanskrit term prajñā pāramitā (Hanzi. ...
The Heart of Perfect Wisdom Sutra or Heart Sutra or Essence of Wisdom Sutra (Sanskrit: पà¥à¤°à¤œà¥à¤žà¤¾à¤ªà¤¾à¤°à¤®à¤¿à¤¤à¤¾à¤¹à¥ƒà¤¦à¤¯à¤¸à¥‚तà¥à¤° PrajñÄpÄramitÄ Hridaya SÅ«tra; Chinese: 般若波羅蜜多心經, BÅrÄ›bÅluómìduÅ XÄ«njÄ«ng; Japanese: 般若心経, Hannya ShingyÅ; Korean: Pannya ShimgyÅng) is a well-known MahÄyÄna Buddhist sutra that is very...
 Japanese Buddhist priest c.1897 Download high resolution version (528x726, 99 KB)Japanese Buddhist priest c. ...
Download high resolution version (528x726, 99 KB)Japanese Buddhist priest c. ...
Founder: Linji (臨済), China, c. 850
Chinese name: Linji (臨済), named after founder
First Introduction to Japan: Eisai (栄西), 1191 AD
Major Influences: Hosso, Kegon
Doctrine: zazen (坐禅, "sitting meditation"), especially koan (公案, "public matter") practice
Primary Texts: Transcendental Wisdom Sutras aka Prajnaparamita Sutras (般若波羅蜜経), incl. Heart Sutra The dry garden at RyÅan-ji, a Rinzai Zen temple in Kyoto. ...
Japanese painting of Linji Yixuan (Jap. ...
Japanese painting of Linji Yixuan (Jap. ...
Myōan Eisai, founder of the Rinzai School of Zen, 12th century. ...
Dharma-character school (Chinese: 法相宗 pinyin fa xiang zong) is the pejorative name for a stream of thought that represented the Indian Yogācāra system of thought in East Asia. ...
Kegon ([kegõɴ], or in some dialects, [keŋõɴ]) is the name of the Japanese transmission of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism, via the Korean Hwaeom tradition. ...
Kodo Sawaki practicing zazen Zazen (å禅) is at the heart of Zen Buddhist practice. ...
A koan (pronounced ) is a story, dialog, question, or statement in the history and lore of Chan (Zen) Buddhism, generally containing aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet that may be accessible to intuition. ...
Perfection of Wisdom is a translation of the Sanskrit term prajñā pāramitā (Hanzi. ...
The Heart of Perfect Wisdom Sutra or Heart Sutra or Essence of Wisdom Sutra (Sanskrit: पà¥à¤°à¤œà¥à¤žà¤¾à¤ªà¤¾à¤°à¤®à¤¿à¤¤à¤¾à¤¹à¥ƒà¤¦à¤¯à¤¸à¥‚तà¥à¤° PrajñÄpÄramitÄ Hridaya SÅ«tra; Chinese: 般若波羅蜜多心經, BÅrÄ›bÅluómìduÅ XÄ«njÄ«ng; Japanese: 般若心経, Hannya ShingyÅ; Korean: Pannya ShimgyÅng) is a well-known MahÄyÄna Buddhist sutra that is very...
Founder: Ingen (隠元), Japan, 1654 AD
Japanese name: 黄檗, named the mountain where the founder had lived in China
Major Influences: Rinzai
Doctrine: kyozen itchi (経禅一致, "Unity of Sutras and Zen")
Primary Texts: Transcendental Wisdom Sutras aka Prajnaparamita Sutras (般若波羅蜜経), incl. Heart Sutra Ōbaku (Japanese. ...
InGen (International Genetic Technologies) is a fictional genetic engineering company appearing in the Jurassic Park series of novels and films. ...
There is a disputed proposal that this article should be merged with Rinzai and Linji. ...
Perfection of Wisdom is a translation of the Sanskrit term prajñā pāramitā (Hanzi. ...
The Heart of Perfect Wisdom Sutra or Heart Sutra or Essence of Wisdom Sutra (Sanskrit: पà¥à¤°à¤œà¥à¤žà¤¾à¤ªà¤¾à¤°à¤®à¤¿à¤¤à¤¾à¤¹à¥ƒà¤¦à¤¯à¤¸à¥‚तà¥à¤° PrajñÄpÄramitÄ Hridaya SÅ«tra; Chinese: 般若波羅蜜多心經, BÅrÄ›bÅluómìduÅ XÄ«njÄ«ng; Japanese: 般若心経, Hannya ShingyÅ; Korean: Pannya ShimgyÅng) is a well-known MahÄyÄna Buddhist sutra that is very...
Founder: Puhua Chanshi (普化禅師)
First introduction to Japan: Shinchin Kakushin (心地覚心), 1254 AD
Major Influences: Rinzai
Abolished: 1871 Fuke Zen (Japanese: 普化禅) was a branch of Zen Buddhism which existed in Japan from the 13th century until the late 19th century. ...
There is a disputed proposal that this article should be merged with Rinzai and Linji. ...
Nichiren Buddhism The schools of Nichiren Buddhism trace themselves to the monk Nichiren (日蓮: "Sun-Lotus") and the proclamation of his teachings in AD 1253. Doctrinally the schools focus on the Lotus Sutra (妙法蓮華經: Myoho Renge Kyō; abbrev. 法華經: Hokkekyō), but practice centers on the mantra Nam(u) Myōhō Renge Kyō (南無妙法蓮華經). Nichiren Buddhism split into several denominations after the death of Nichiren, typically represented by tradition-oriented schools such as Nichiren Shu and Nichiren Shoshu and "new religions" such as Soka Gakkai, Rissho Kosei Kai, and Reiyukai. See Nichiren Buddhism for a more complete list. Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮系諸宗派: Nichiren-kei sho shÅ«ha) is a branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–1282). ...
Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282), born Zennichimaro (善日麿), later ZeshÅ-bÅ RenchÅ (是生房蓮長), and finally Nichiren (日蓮), was a Buddhist monk of 13th century Japan. ...
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...
The Lotus Sutra or Sutra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma (Sanskrit: Saddharma Puṇá¸arÄ«ka SÅ«tra; 妙法蓮è¯ç¶“ Chinese: Mià ofÇŽ LiánhuÄ JÄ«ng; Japanese: MyÅhÅ Renge KyÅ; Korean: Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong) is one of the most popular and influential MahÄyÄna sutras in East Asia and...
In Tibet, many Buddhists carve mantras into rocks as a form of devotion. ...
Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō (南無妙法蓮華経, also transliterated Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō) is a mantra, which is recited as part of the practice of Nichiren Buddhism. ...
Nichiren Shu (日蓮宗, lit. ...
Nichiren ShÅshÅ« (日蓮æ£å®—) is a branch of Nichiren Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–1282). ...
ShinshūkyŠ) is a term used in Japan to describe new religious movements. ...
Soka Gakkai International or SGI is the umbrella organization for affiliate lay organizations in over 190 countries practicing a form of the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin. ...
Rissho Kosei Kai is a Japanese Buddhist movement of lay people. ...
Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮系諸宗派: Nichiren-kei sho shūha) is a branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–1282). ...
Silk Road artistic influences In Japan, Buddhist art started to develop as the country converted to Buddhism in 548 CE. Some tiles from the Asuka period (shown above), the first period following the conversion of the country to Buddhism, display a strikingly classical style, with ample Hellenistic dress and realistically-rendered body shape characteristic of Greco-Buddhist art. The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Yamato period. ...
Gandhara Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE. Greco-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century...
Other works of art incorporated a variety of Chinese and Korean influences, so that Japanese Buddhist became extremely varied in its expression. Many elements of Greco-Buddhist art remain to this day however, such as the Hercules inspiration behind the Nio guardian deities in front of Japanese Buddhist temples, or representations of the Buddha reminiscent of Greek art such as the Buddha in Kamakura.[2] Hercules and the Nemean Lion (detail), silver plate, 6th century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris). ...
The Niō (仁王, lit. ...
Kamakuras location in Japan Crowds of visitors in Kamakura (Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine) Great Buddha at KÅtoku-in Kamakura (Japanese: 鎌倉市; -shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan, about 50 km south-south-west of Tokyo (to which it is linked by the railway line to Yokosuka). ...
Deities
 Iconographical evolution of the Wind God. Left: Greek wind god from Hadda, 2nd century. Middle: wind god from Kızıl, Tarim Basin, 7th century. Right: Japanese wind god Fujin, 17th century.
 Iconographical evolution from the Greek god Herakles to the Japanese god Shukongōshin. From left to right: 1) Herakles (Louvre Museum). 2) Herakles on coin of Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I. 3) Vajrapani, the protector of the Buddha, depicted as Herakles in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara. 4) Shukongōshin, manifestation of Vajrapani, as protector deity of Buddhist temples in Japan. Various other Greco-Buddhist artistic influences can be found in the Japanese Buddhist pantheon, the most striking of which being that of the Japanese wind god Fujin. In consistency with Greek iconography for the wind god Boreas, the Japanese wind god holds above his head with his two hands a draping or "wind bag" in the same general attitude.[3] The abundance of hair have been kept in the Japanese rendering, as well as exaggerated facial features. Left: Greek wind God, Hada, 2nd century. ...
Left: Greek wind God, Hada, 2nd century. ...
Head of the Buddha, Hadda, 1st-2nd century CE Hadda is a Greco-Buddhist archeological site located in the ancient area of Gandhara, inside the Khyber Pass, six miles south of the city of Jalalabad in todays eastern Afghanistan. ...
For other uses, see Kızılırmak. ...
Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. ...
The Japanese wind god Fujin, 17th century. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1105x381, 83 KB)Iconographical evolution of the Greek Herakles into the Japanese Shukongoshin. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1105x381, 83 KB)Iconographical evolution of the Greek Herakles into the Japanese Shukongoshin. ...
For the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). ...
The Diamond-rod wielding Shukongoshin (Agyo), Asakusa Temple, Japan. ...
For the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). ...
For the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). ...
Approximate extent of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom circa 220 BCE. The Greco-Bactrians were a dynasty of Greek kings who controlled Bactria and Sogdiana, an area comprising todays northern Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia, the easternmost area of the Hellenistic world, from 250 to 125 BCE. Their expansion...
Silver tetradrachm depicting the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius (r. ...
Mahachakra Vajrapani . VajrapÄṇi (from Sanskrit vajra, thunderbolt or diamond and pÄṇi, lit. ...
Media:Example. ...
GandhÄra (Sanskrit: गनà¥à¤§à¤¾à¤°, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ...
The Diamond-rod wielding Shukongoshin (Agyo), Asakusa Temple, Japan. ...
Mahachakra Vajrapani . VajrapÄṇi (from Sanskrit vajra, thunderbolt or diamond and pÄṇi, lit. ...
The Japanese wind god Fujin, 17th century. ...
There was one person and one god known as Boreas in Greek mythology. ...
Another Buddhist deity, named Shukongoshin, one of the wrath-filled protector deities of Buddhist temples in Japan, is also an interesting case of transmission of the image of the famous Greek god Herakles to the Far-East along the Silk Road. Herakles was used in Greco-Buddhist art to represent Vajrapani, the protector of the Buddha, and his representation was then used in China and Japan to depict the protector gods of Buddhist temples.[4]
The Diamond-rod wielding Shukongoshin (Agyo), Asakusa Temple, Japan. ...
For the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). ...
The Silk Road Silk Route redirects here. ...
For the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). ...
Mahachakra Vajrapani . VajrapÄṇi (from Sanskrit vajra, thunderbolt or diamond and pÄṇi, lit. ...
Artistic motifs
 Vine and grape scrolls from Nara, 7th century. Finally, the artistic inspiration from Greek floral scrolls is found quite literally in the decoration of Japanese roof tiles, one of the only remaining element of wooden architecture throughout centuries. The clearest one are from 7th century Nara temple building tiles, some of them exactly depicting vines and grapes. These motifs have evolved towards more symbolic representations, but essentially remain to this day in many Japanese traditional buildings.[5]
Tokyo National Museum. ...
Tokyo National Museum. ...
Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ...
Timeline Dharma-character school (Chinese: 法相宗 pinyin fa xiang zong) is the pejorative name for a stream of thought that represented the Indian Yogācāra system of thought in East Asia. ...
Dharma-character school (Chinese: 法相宗 pinyin fa xiang zong) is the pejorative name for a stream of thought that represented the Indian Yogācāra system of thought in East Asia. ...
Bodhisena (Sanskrit. ...
Kegon ([kegõɴ], or in some dialects, [keŋõɴ]) is the name of the Japanese transmission of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism, via the Korean Hwaeom tradition. ...
Huayan (è¯åš´, Pinyin: huaÌyaÌn, Sanskrit: Avatamsaka) or Flower Garland is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that flourished in China during the Tang period. ...
Dry-lacquer statue of Jianzhen made shortly after his death. ...
The Ritsu (律宗) school of Buddhism is one of the six schools of Nara Buddhism in Japan, noted for its use of the Vinaya textual framework of the Dharmaguptaka, one of the early schools of Buddhism. ...
The Vinaya (a word in Pali as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning discipline) is the textual framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Tendai (Japanese: 天å°å®—, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ...
Tiantai (天台宗, Wade-Giles: Tien Tai) is one of the thirteen schools of Buddhism in China and Japan, also called the Lotus Sutra School. ...
Painting of KÅ«kai (774-835). ...
Shingon (眞言,真言), also called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and one of two major sub-schools of Vajrayana Buddhism, the other being Tibetan Buddhism. ...
Honen Shonin (法然; 1133-1212) is credited with the establishment of Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan. ...
Jodo (Japanese:æ–è¡“), or Jojutsu, is a Japanese martial art using staves (jo), similar to bojutsu, in defense against the Japanese sword. ...
The Buddha Amitabha, 13th century, Kamakura, Japan. ...
Myōan Eisai, founder of the Rinzai School of Zen, 12th century. ...
There is a disputed proposal that this article should be merged with Rinzai and Linji. ...
Japanese painting of Linji Yixuan (Jap. ...
DÅgen Zenji DÅgen Zenji (é“元禅師; also Kigen DÅgen 希玄é“å…ƒ) (19 January 1200–22 September 1253) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist teacher born in KyÅto, and the founder of the SÅtÅ school of Zen in Japan. ...
For the vegetable, see Celosia. ...
Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282), born Zennichimaro (善日麿), later ZeshÅ-bÅ RenchÅ (是生房蓮長), and finally Nichiren (日蓮), was a Buddhist monk of 13th century Japan. ...
Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮系諸宗派: Nichiren-kei sho shūha) is a branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–1282). ...
InGen (International Genetic Technologies) is a fictional genetic engineering company appearing in the Jurassic Park series of novels and films. ...
Ōbaku (黄檗 Japanese Ōbaku, pinyin Huángbò) refers to three separate topics: Mount Huangbo, a mountain in Chinas Fujian province, noted for its Buddhist temples; Huangbo Xiyun (黄檗希運), a Chinese Chan Buddhist master; and the Japanese Obaku School of Zen Buddhism. ...
Ōbaku (黄檗 Japanese Ōbaku, pinyin Huángbò) refers to three separate topics: Mount Huangbo, a mountain in Chinas Fujian province, noted for its Buddhist temples; Huangbo Xiyun (黄檗希運), a Chinese Chan Buddhist master; and the Japanese Obaku School of Zen Buddhism. ...
Notes - ^ Powers, John (2000). "Japanese Buddhism". A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism 1. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. 103-107.
- ^ "Needless to say, the influence of Greek art on Japanese Buddhist art, via the Buddhist art of Gandhara and India, was already partly known in, for example, the comparison of the wavy drapery of the Buddha images, in what was, originally, a typical Greek style" (Katsumi Tanabe, "Alexander the Great, East-West cultural contacts from Greece to Japan", p19)
- ^ "The Japanese wind god images do not belong to a separate tradition apart from that of their Western counter-parts but share the same origins. (...) One of the characteristics of these Far Eastern wind god images is the wind bag held by this god with both hands, the origin of which can be traced back to the shawl or mantle worn by Boreas/ Oado." (Katsumi Tanabe, "Alexander the Great, East-West cultural contacts from Greece to Japan", p21)
- ^ "The origin of the image of Vajrapani should be explained. This deity is the protector and guide of the Buddha Sakyamuni. His image was modelled after that of Hercules. (...) The Gandharan Vajrapani was transformed in Central Asia and China and afterwards transmitted to Japan, where it exerted stylistic influences on the wrestler-like statues of the Guardian Deities (Nio)." (Katsumi Tanabe, "Alexander the Great, East-West cultural contacts from Greece to Japan", p23)
- ^ The transmission of the floral scroll pattern from West to East is presented in the regular exhibition of Ancient Japanese Art, at the Tokyo National Museum.
John Holbrook Powers (1831-1918), who was known as Honest John, was a Nebraska pioneer who ran for governor as a populist in 1892. ...
There was one person and one god known as Boreas in Greek mythology. ...
The Niō (仁王, lit. ...
The Tokyo National Museum. ...
See also Buddhism The Nara National Museum (奈良国立åšç‰©é¤¨ï¼‰is one of the pre-eminent national art museums in Japan. ...
The primary religions of Japan are Buddhism and Shintoism (the latter is a pagan, animist religion). ...
Buddhist philosophy is the branch of Eastern philosophy based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, a. ...
Shakyamuni Buddha teaching. ...
The History of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. ...
A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ...
Shinbutsu Shugo (神仏習合, the kanji stand for Shinto, Buddhism, learn, join together) is called the Japanese fusion of Buddhism and Shinto. ...
Zen at War is a book written by Brian Daizen Victoria, published in 1998. ...
References - Asakawa, K., and Henry Cabot Lodge (Ed.). Japan From the Japanese Government History.
- Eliot, Sir Charles. Japanese Buddhism. London: Kegan Paul International, 2005. ISBN 0-7103-0967-8. Reprint of the 1935 original edition.
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