Saddle and accessories of the Buffalo Soldier.

Buffalo Soldiers is a nickname originally applied to the members of the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army by the Native American tribes they fought. It was formed on September 21, 1866 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The term eventually encompassed these units: Image File history File links Saddle_and_accessories. ... Image File history File links Saddle_and_accessories. ... // A nickname is a name of an entity or thing that is not its proper name. ... The 10th Cavalry Regiment was a unit in the United States Army. ... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

• U.S. 9th Cavalry Regiment
• U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment
• 24th Infantry Regiment
• 25th Infantry Regiment
• 27th Cavalry Regiment^[1]
• 28th Cavalry Regiment^[2][1][3]

Although several African-American regiments were raised during the Civil War to fight alongside the Union Army (including the famous 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and the many United States Colored Troops Regiments), the "Buffalo Soldiers" were established by Congress as the first peacetime all-black regiments in the regular U.S. Army. The 9th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army, 1st Cavalry Division, which in turn is a component of the Third Corps. ... The 10th Cavalry Regiment was a unit in the United States Army. ... The 1st Battalion, 24th Infantry has served as part of the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry (Lighting) Division since 24 August 1995 at Fort Lewis, Washington. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... The Storming of Fort Wagner, the most famous battle fought by the 54th Massachusetts The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, an infantry regiment that fought in the American Civil War, was one of the first official black units in the United States armed forces. ... Sgt. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ...

On September 6, 2005, Mark Matthews, who was the oldest living Buffalo Soldier, died at the age of 111. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.^[4] is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mark Matthews (August 7, 1894 - September 6, 2005) was the oldest suriving Buffalo Soldier in the United States Army when he died at age 111. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Buffalo soldiers of the 25th Infantry Regiment, 1890

Origins of the name

Sources disagree on how the nickname "buffalo soldiers" began. According to the Buffalo Soldiers National Museum, the name originated with the Cheyenne warriors in 1867, the actual Cheyenne translation being "Wild Buffalo." However, writer Walter Hill documented the account of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, who founded the 10th Cavalry regiment, recalling an 1871 campaign against the Comanche tribe. Hill attributed the origin of the name to the Comanche due to Grierson's assertions. There is some controversy as to where the name originated. Some sources assert that the nickname was given out of respect for the fierce fighting ability of the 10th cavalry.^[5] Other sources assert that Native Americans called the black cavalry troops "buffalo soldiers" because of their dark curly hair, which resembled a buffalo's coat.^[6] Still other sources point to a combination of both legends.^[7] The term Buffalo Soldiers became a generic term for all African-American soldiers. ^[8] It is now used for U.S. Army units that trace their direct lineage back to the 9th and 10th Cavalry, units whose bravery earned them an honored place in U.S. history. For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Brigadier General Benjamin Henry Grierson (July 8, 1826, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - August 31, 1911, Omena, Michigan) was an American army officer. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

Their service

Buffalo Soldier in the 9th Cavalry. 1890

During the American Civil War, the U.S. government formed regiments known as the United States Colored Troops, composed of black soldiers led by white officers. After the war the Congress reorganized the Army and authorized the formation of two regiments of black cavalry with the designations 9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry, and four regiments of black infantry, designated the 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st Infantry Regiments (Colored). The 38th' and 41st were reorganized as the 25th Infantry Regiment, with headquarters in Jackson Barracks in New Orleans, in November 1869. The 39th and 40th were reorganized as the 24th Infantry Regiment, with headquarters at Fort Clark, Texas, in April 1869. All of these units were composed of black enlisted men commanded by white officers such as Benjamin Grierson and Ranald S. Mackenzie and, occasionally, black officers such as Henry O. Flipper. Image File history File links Buffalo_Soldier_9th_Cav_Denver. ... Image File history File links Buffalo_Soldier_9th_Cav_Denver. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Fort Clark can refer to: Fort Clark, Illinois near Peoria, Illinois Fort Clark, Missouri - where Osage Nation in the Treaty of Fort Clark ceded Osage lands in Missouri Fort Clark, Texas near Brackettville, Texas Fort Clark, North Carolina (site of the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries) Fort Clark, North Dakota... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... Brigadier General Benjamin Henry Grierson (July 8, 1826, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - August 31, 1911, Omena, Michigan) was an American army officer. ... Ranald Slidell Mackenzie (July 27, 1840 – January 19, 1889) was called the most promising young officer in the entire Union army. ... Henry Ossian Flipper Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856–May 3, 1940) was an American soldier and the first black American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy (West Point) Flipper was born into slavery in Thomasville, Georgia on March 21, 1856, the eldest of five brothers. ...

From 1866 to the early 1890s, these regiments served at a variety of posts in the Southwestern United States(Apache Wars) and Great Plains regions. They participated in most of the military campaigns in these areas and earned a distinguished record. Thirteen enlisted men and six officers from these four regiments earned the Medal of Honor during the Indian Wars. In addition to the military campaigns, the "Buffalo Soldiers" served a variety of roles along the frontier from building roads to escorting the U.S. mail. The Southwest could be defined as the states south, or for the most part west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit, such as the 37, or 38, or 39, or 40 degree north line. ... Geronimo, before surrender to General Crook, 17 Apr 1886 The Apache Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes. ... For other uses, see Great Plains (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Medal of Honor (disambiguation). ... For wars involving India, see Military history of India. ... USPS and Usps redirect here. ...

Buffalo Soldier Memorial of El Paso, in Fort Bliss, depicting CPL John Ross, I Troop, 9th Cavalry, during an encounter in the Guadalupe Mountains during the Indian Wars

After the Indian Wars ended in the 1890s, the regiments continued to serve and participated in the Spanish-American War (including the Battle of San Juan Hill), where five more Medals of Honor were earned. They took part in the 1916 Punitive Expedition into Mexico and in the Philippine-American War. Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Guadalupe Mountains The Guadalupe Mountains are a mountain range located in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. ... Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel Macías y Casado Ramón Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000... Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Kingdom of Spain Commanders William Rufus Shafter Joseph Wheeler[1] Arsenio Linares Strength 15,000 regulars 4,000 guerrilleros 12 field guns 4 Gatling guns 800 regulars 5 field guns Casualties and losses 124 dead 817 wounded 58 dead 170 wounded 39 captured The... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000...

Buffalo Soldier Monument at F. E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming

. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 622 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,528 × 1,472 pixels, file size: 382 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A statue of a Buffalo Soldier located at F. E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 622 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,528 × 1,472 pixels, file size: 382 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A statue of a Buffalo Soldier located at F. E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. ... Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (IATA: FEW, ICAO: KFEW) is a base of the United States Air Force. ... Nickname: Location in Wyoming Coordinates: , Country State County Laramie Founded 1867 Government  - Mayor Jack R. Spiker Area  - Total 21. ...

A lesser known action was the 9th Cavalry's participation in the fabled Johnson County War, an 1892 land war in Johnson County, Wyoming between small farmers and large, wealthy ranchers. It culminated in a lengthy shootout between local farmers, a band of hired killers, and a sheriff's posse. The 6th Cavalry was ordered in by President of the United States to quell the violence and capture the band of hired killers. Soon after, however, the 9th Cavalry was specifically called on to replace the 6th. The 6th Cavalry was swaying under the local political and social pressures and were unable to keep the peace in the tense environment. The Invaders of The Johnson County Cattle War. ... Johnson County is a county located in the north central of the state of Wyoming. ... In common law, posse comitatus (Latin, county force, meaning a sort of local militia) referred to the authority wielded by the county sheriff to conscript any able-bodied male over the age of fifteen to assist him in keeping the peace or to pursue and arrest a felon; compare hue... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...

The buffalo soldiers responded within about two weeks from Nebraska and moved the men to the rail town of Suggs, Wyoming, creating "Camp Bettens" despite a racist and hostile local population. One soldier was killed and two wounded in gun battles with locals. Nevertheless, the 9th Cavalry remained in Wyoming for nearly a year to quell tensions in the area.^[9][10]

Another little known contribution of the buffalo soldiers involved eight troops of the 9th Cavalry Regiment and one company of the 24th Infantry Regiment who served in California's Sierra Nevada (U.S.) as some of the first national park rangers. In 1899, buffalo soldiers from Company H, 24th Infantry Regiment briefly served in Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park and General Grant (Kings Canyon) National Parks.^[11] This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... This article is about national parks. ... Yosemite redirects here. ... Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron) trees in the Giant Forest Sequoia National Park is a national park in the southern Sierra Nevada, east of Visalia, California in the United States of America. ... This article is about Kings Canyon National Park, USA. For Kings Canyon, Australia, see Kings Canyon (Northern Territory). ...

U.S. Army regiments had been serving in these national parks since 1891, but until 1899 the soldiers serving were white. Beginning in 1899, and continuing in 1903 and 1904, African-American regiments served during the summer months in the second and third oldest national parks in the United States (Sequoia and Yosemite). Because these soldiers served before the National Park Service was created (1916), they were "park rangers" before the term was coined. The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...

Buffalo Soldier Monument on Fort Leavenworth, Kansas

One particular buffalo soldier stands out in history: Captain Charles Young who served with Troop "I", 9th Cavalry Regiment in Sequoia National Park during the summer of 1903. Charles Young was the third African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy. At the time of his death, he was the highest ranking African American in the U.S. military. He made history in Sequoia National Park in 1903 by becoming Acting Military Superintendent of Sequoia & General Grant National Parks. Charles Young was also the first African-American superintendent of a national park. During Young's tenure in the park, he named a giant sequoia for Booker T. Washington. Recently, another giant sequoia in Giant Forest was named in Captain Young's honor. Some of Young's descendants were in attendance at the ceremony. ^[12] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 375 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (566 × 905 pixel, file size: 102 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: The Buffalo Soldier Monument on Fort Leavenworth, Kansas http://garrison. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 375 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (566 × 905 pixel, file size: 102 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: The Buffalo Soldier Monument on Fort Leavenworth, Kansas http://garrison. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article needs cleanup. ... USMA redirects here. ... Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author and leader of the African American community. ...

Other Park Contributions

In 1903, 9th Cavalrymen in Sequoia built the first trail to the top of Mt. Whitney, the highest mountain in the contiguous United States. They also built the first wagon road into Sequoia's Giant Forest, the most famous grove of Giant Sequoia trees in Sequoia National Park. Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Continental United States. ... Giant Forest is part of Sequoia National Park, famed for its Giant Sequoia trees. ...

In 1904, 9th Cavalrymen in Yosemite built an arboretum on the South Fork of the Merced in the southern section of Yosemite National Park. This arboretum had pathways, benches, and some plants were identified in both English and Latin. Yosemite's arboretum is considered to be the first museum in the national park system.

In the Sierra Nevada, the buffalo soldiers regularly endured long days in the saddle, slim rations, racism, and absence from family and friends. As military stewards, the African-American cavalry and infantry regiments protected the national parks from illegal grazing, poaching, timber thieves, and forest fires. Yosemite Park Ranger Shelton Johnson researched and interpreted the history in an attempt to recover and celebrate the contributions of the buffalo soldiers of the Sierra Nevada.^[13]

In total, 23 "Buffalo Soldiers" received the Medal of Honor, the highest of any United States military unit.^[4]

Systemic prejudice

The "Buffalo Soldiers" were often confronted with racial prejudice from other members of the U.S. Army. Civilians in the areas where the soldiers were stationed occasionally reacted to them with violence. Buffalo Soldiers were attacked in racial disturbances in:

• Rio Grande City, Texas in 1899^[14]
• Brownsville, Texas in 1906^[15]
• Houston, Texas in 1917^[16][17]

The "Buffalo Soldiers" did not participate as organized units during World War I but experienced non-commissioned officers were provided to other segregated black units for combat service — such as the 317th Engineer Battalion. Rio Grande City is a city located in Starr County, Texas, United States. ... Brownsville is the county seat of Cameron County, Texas, United States, the southernmost city in Texas. ... Houston redirects here. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... A non-commissioned officer (sometimes noncommissioned officer), also known as an NCO or Noncom, is an enlisted member of an armed force who has been given authority by a commissioned officer. ...

Early in the 20th century the "Buffalo Soldiers" found themselves being used more as laborers and service troops rather than active combat units. During World War II the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments were disbanded and the soldiers were moved into service-oriented units, along with the entire 2nd Cavalry Division. One of the infantry regiments, the 24th Infantry Regiment, served in combat in the Pacific theater. Another was the 92nd Infantry Division aka the Buffalo Soldiers Division, which served in combat during the Italian Campaign in the Mediterranean theater. Another was the U.S. 93rd Infantry Division — including the 25th Infantry Regiment — which served in the Pacific Theater of Operations.^[18] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Shoulder sleeve patch of the United States Army 2d Cavalry Division. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A map of the Pacific Theater. ... The 92nd Infantry Division (colored) was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. Nicknamed the Buffalo Soldiers Division, this segregated unit was the only African American infantry division to see combat in Europe during WWII, as part of the 5th Army. ... Combatants  United Kingdom Indian Empire  United States Poland  Brazil  New Zealand  Canada  Free French  South Africa Italy  (after September 8th) Italian Resistance  Germany Italy  (until 8 September 1943) RSI  (until 25 April 1945) Commanders C-in-C AFHQ: Dwight D. Eisenhower (until January 1944) Henry Maitland Wilson (Jan to Dec... The Mediterranean region. ... The 92nd Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. World War I Activated: December 1917. ... A map of the Pacific Theater. ...

Despite some official resistance and administrative barriers, black airmen were trained and played a part in the air war in Europe, gaining a reputation for skill and bravery. (See Tuskegee Airmen.) In early 1945, after the Battle of the Bulge, American forces in Europe experienced a shortage of combat troops. The embargo on using black soldiers in combat units was relaxed. The American Military History says: Pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group, Tuskegee Airmen, the elite, all-African American 332nd Fighter Group at Ramitelli, Italy. ... For the 1965 film, see Battle of the Bulge (film). ...

"Faced with a shortage of infantry replacements during the enemy's counteroffensive, General Eisenhower offered Negro soldiers in service units an opportunity to volunteer for duty with the infantry. More than 4,500 responded, many taking reductions in grade in order to meet specified requirements. The 6th Army Group formed these men into provisional companies, while the 12th Army Group employed them as an additional platoon in existing rifle companies. The excellent record established by these volunteers, particularly those serving as platoons, presaged major postwar changes in the traditional approach to employing Negro troops."

Korean War and integration

The 24th Infantry Regiment saw combat during the Korean War and was the last segregated regiment to engage in combat. The 24th was deactivated in 1951 and its soldiers were integrated into other units in Korea. On December 12, 1951 the last Buffalo soldier units, the 27th Cavalry and the 28th (Horse) Cavalry were disbanded. The 28th Cavalry was inactivated at Assi-Okba, Algeria, in April of 1944 in North Africa and marked the end of the regiment.^[2] Belligerents United Nations: Republic of Korea Australia Belgium Canada Colombia Ethiopia France Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Philippines South Africa Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Naval Support and Military Servicing/Repairs: Japan Medical staff: Denmark Italy Norway India Sweden DPR Korea PR China Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee Chung... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

There are monuments to the Buffalo soldiers in Kansas at Fort Leavenworth and Junction City.^[19] Then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell was guest speaker for the unveiling of the Fort Leavenworth monument in July 1992. This article is about the U.S. state. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... Junction City is the name of several places in the United States of America: Junction City, Arkansas Junction City, Georgia Junction City, Illinois Junction City, Kansas Junction City, Kentucky Junction City, Louisiana Junction City, Missouri Junction City, Ohio Junction City, Oregon Junction City, Washington Junction City, Wisconsin See also other... The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking military officer of the United States military, and the principal military advisor to the President of the United States. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ...

Controversy

In recent years, the employment of the Buffalo Soldiers by the United States Army in the Indian Wars has led to modern critical reappraisal of the regiment by cultural historians as being mere shock troops or accessories to the alleged forcefully-expansionist ideals of the U.S. government at the expense of the Native Americans.^[20][21] This is seen as a far cry from the historical cultural upholding of the Buffalo Soldiers as being a rare exception to the discriminatory socioeconomic environment. Their service can be taken both ways. For wars involving India, see Military history of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Stormtrooper. ... For other uses, see Native Americans (disambiguation). ...

Cultural references

Music

• The song "Buffalo Soldier", co-written by Bob Marley and King Sporty, first appeared on the 1983 album Confrontation. Many Jamaicans, especially Rastafarians like Marley, identified with the "Buffalo Soldiers" as an example of prominent black men who performed with courage, honor and distinction in a field that was dominated by whites, and persevered despite endemic racism and prejudice.

Buffalo Soldier is a reggae song co-written by Bob Marley, and Noel G. King Sporty Williams, from Marleys final recording sessions in 1980. ... This article is about the reggae musician. ... King Sporty (born Noel G. Williams, Port Antonio 1943, Jamaica) is a Jamaican DJ, reggae musician, and record producer for the Tashamba and Konduko labels. ... See also: 1983 in music (UK) Musical groups established in 1983 Record labels established in 1983 // Michael Jacksons Thriller, the most successful album not only of 1983, but of all time, was released in 1982 and began its epic domination of the music charts the following year, 1983. ... An album or record album is a collection of related audio or music tracks distributed to the public. ... Confrontation is a roots reggae album by Bob Marley & the Wailers, released posthumously in May 1983, two years after Marleys death. ... Haile Selassie I The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafari, or simply Rasta) is a new religious movement[1] that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, called Jah[2] or Jah Rastafari. ...

Films

• The 1960 western film, Sergeant Rutledge, starring Woody Strode, tells the story of the trial of a 19th century black Army non-commissioned officer falsely accused of rape and murder. One of the characters narrates the history of the term "buffalo soldier".

• On November 22, 1968, an episode of the television series The High Chaparral titled "The Buffalo Soldiers", starring Yaphet Kotto, paid tribute to the soldier's patriotic spirit.

• The 1970 television movie, Carter's Army (also known as the Black Brigade), starring Stephen Boyd, Rosey Grier, and Richard Pryor, depicted a black unit during World War II, led by a white officer.

• The 1979 television movie, Buffalo Soldiers, starring Stan Shaw and John Beck, depicted African-American cavalry soldiers and their actions in the West during the Indian Wars of the late 19th century.

• The 1997 television movie, Buffalo Soldiers, starring Danny Glover, drew attention to their role in the military history of the United States.

• The 2001 film, Buffalo Soldiers, attracted some attention. Based on a 1993 novel of the same name by Robert O'Connor, the plot depicted (white) American soldiers stationed in Germany during the Cold War who sold goods on the black market.

• The 2006 History Channel special "Honor Deferred" describe members of the Buffalo soldiers in WWII Italy.

• The upcoming film Miracle at St. Anna directed by Spike Lee, scheduled for 2008, will chronicle the Buffalo Soldiers who served in the invasion of Italy. It is based on the novel of the same name by James McBride.

The year 1960 in film involved some significant events. ... Sergeant Rutledge is a 1960 film directed by John Ford, with Woody Strode in the title role. ... Woodrow Wilson Woolwine Strode (born July 25, 1914, Los Angeles, California; died December 31, 1994) was a decathlete and football star at UCLA before becoming a pioneering African-American film actor. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The High Chaparral was a Western-themed television series which aired on NBC from 1967 to 1971. ... Prince Yaphet Frederick Kotto (born November 15, 1937) is an American actor. ... See also: 1969 in television, other events of 1970, 1971 in television and the list of years in television. For the American network television schedule, please see 1970-71 American network television schedule. ... “Telefilm” redirects here. ... For the football player, see Stephen Boyd (football player). ... Roosevelt Rosey Grier (born July 14, 1932 in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Cuthbert, Georgia), a star athlete at Roselle High School(NJ), is an American football player, actor, and Christian minister. ... Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor III (December 1, 1940 – December 10, 2005) was an American comedian, actor, and writer. ... See also: 1978 in television, other events of 1979, 1980 in television, and the list of years in television. For the United States network television schedule, please see 1979-80 United States network television schedule. ... “Telefilm” redirects here. ... Stan Shaw (born July 14, 1952 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor. ... John Beck (born 28 January 1943 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) is an American actor. ... For wars involving India, see Military history of India. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of television-related events in 1997. ... “Telefilm” redirects here. ... Danny Lebern Glover( Glover pronounced with a long O)[1] (born July 22, 1946) is an American actor, film director, and political activist. ... The military history of the United States spans a period of over two centuries. ... For the 1968 science-fiction film and novel, see 2001: A Space Odyssey The year 2001 in film involved some significant events. ... Buffalo Soldiers is a 2001 film that follows the rogue activities of a group of US soldiers based in West Germany during 1989 when the fall of the Berlin Wall is imminent. ... See also: 1992 in literature, other events of 1993, 1994 in literature, list of years in literature. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ... The year 2006 in television involved some significant events. ... Miracle at S. Anna is a film to be released in 2009 set in World War II directed by Spike Lee and written by James McBride. ... Shelton Jackson Lee (born March 20, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia), better known as Spike Lee, is an Emmy Award - winning, and Academy Award - nominated American film director, producer, writer, and actor noted for his films dealing with controversial social and political issues. ... 2008 in film is slated to have releases such as: Iron Man, Rambo, Step Up 2 the Streets, Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay, The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Hellboy II: The Golden Army, Lost Boys: The Tribe, The Dark... James McBride was a prominent pioneer statesman in Butler County, Ohio. ...

Books

• In the novel The Sum of All Fears, by Tom Clancy, the 10th Cavalry Regiment is reactivated as an Armored Cavalry Regiment. It is deployed to Israel to serve both as a training center for the Israel Defense Forces and to show the commitment of the United States to guarantee the security of Israel following a general peace treaty in the Middle East. The 10th Cavalry Regiment also appears in his novel Executive Orders, where it fights in an attempted invasion of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait by a new Islamic state formed by the union of Iran and Iraq.

For the movie of the same name, see The Sum of All Fears (film). ... For the member of the Irish folk band The Clancy Brothers, see Tom Clancy (singer) and for the American Celticist, see Thomas Owen Clancy. ... Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ... Executive Orders is a political and military thriller novel by Tom Clancy. ...

See also

Buffalo Soldiers who participated in the Spanish American War.

• Black Seminoles (Cimarrones)
• "Colonel" Charles Long
• List of African American Medal of Honor recipients
• Military history of African Americans
• Tuskegee Airmen
• United States Colored Troops
• 1st Louisiana Native Guard
• 2nd Cavalry Division
• 92nd Infantry Division
• 93rd Infantry Division
• 366th Infantry Regiment
• 761st Tank Battalion
• 784th Tank Battalion

Image File history File links Liberators_of_Cuba. ... Image File history File links Liberators_of_Cuba. ... 19th-century engraving depicting a Black Seminole warrior of the First Seminole War (1817–8). ... Colonel Charles Chuck Long (born 1945) is the founder of the Americas Buffalo Soldiers Re-Enactors Association. ... Three different versions of the Medal of Honor are awarded: one each for the Army, Navy (and Marines), and Air Force. ... Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. ... Pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group, Tuskegee Airmen, the elite, all-African American 332nd Fighter Group at Ramitelli, Italy. ... Sgt. ... The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was one of the few regiments of all-black soldiers that fought for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. ... Shoulder sleeve patch of the United States Army 2d Cavalry Division. ... The 92nd Infantry Division (colored) was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. Nicknamed the Buffalo Soldiers Division, this segregated unit was the only African American infantry division to see combat in Europe during WWII, as part of the 5th Army. ... The 366th Infantry Regiment was an all African American (segregated) unit of the United States Army that served with distinction in both World War I and World War II. The unit was unique because it was one of the few Negro units with all its own officers and personnel; the... The 761st Tank Battalion, was a United States Army tank battalion during World War II. The unit was made up of black soldiers, who by Federal law were not permitted to serve alongside white troops. ...

References

Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

External links

• 9th Memorial Cavalry Living History group - 9th US Cavalry
• National Association of Buffalo Soldiers & Troopers Motorcycle Clubs (Regarding the organization of the Buffalo Soldiers & Troopers Motorcycle Clubs (NABSTMC))
• Buffalo Soldiers History
• African Americans in the U.S. Army
• General Order #143 - May 27, 1863 (regarding the organization of African American troops)
• Buffalo Soldiers at San Juan Hill
• Buffalo Soldier Monument - Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
• American RadioWorks documentary: Korea, The Unfinished War Interviews (transcripts and audio) with black soldiers from Korea, including the 24th infantry
• Buffalo Soldier National Museum
• Photograph Gallery of Buffalo Soldiers On the Eve of War (World War II)
• History of Negro soldiers in the Spanish-American War, and other items of interest, by Edward Augustus Johnston, published 1899, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• The 25th Infantry Regiment
• BuffaloSoldier.net
• U.S. Army 10th Cavalry history
• U.S. Army 25th Infantry history
• Buffalo Soldiers from the Handbook of Texas Online
• shadowsoldier.wilderness.net, a website devoted to remembering the contributions of the buffalo soldiers of the Sierra Nevada, by Park Ranger Shelton Johnson, Yosemite National Park
• the Warriors Project, an ongoing research program of the University of Texas at El Paso, Arizona State University and the National Park Service's DSCESU program