Bufotoxin
From Wikipedia
Bufotoxins are a family of toxic substances found in the parotoid glands, skin and venom of many toads (genus Species See text. Bufo, Laurenti,1768 is a large genus of more than 250 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Description This is a truly cosmopolitan species, able to live under adverse conditons. However, they dont occur in the Arctic regions, Australia, with the exception of... Bufo); other amphibians; and other plants and mushrooms (Siperstein et al, 1957; Lincoff & Mitchel, 1977; Kibmer & Wichtl, 1986). The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin. It can contain: 5_MeO_DMT is one of the most potent psychedelic entheogens known to man. It is found in a wide variety of plant species and has been used by South American shamans for over 1200 years. Chemistry 5-MeO-DMT was first synthesized in 1936, and in 1959 it was isolated as... 5-MeO-DMT, bufagins, bufotalin, Bufotenin, also spelled bufotenine, is also known under the names 5_hydroxy_DMT (5-OH-DMT) or dimethyl-serotonin and is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in many plants that has originally been isolated from the gland secretes of toads, most notably Bufo alvarius, from... bufotenine, bufothionine, Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Both names mean the same: the Latin roots ad-+renes and the Greek roots epi-+nephros both literally mean on/to the kidney (referring to the adrenal gland, which secretes epinephrine). Epinephrine is sometimes shortened to epi in medical... epinephrine, Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. It is released from the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons during synaptic transmission... norepinephrine, and Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin is believed to play an important part of the biochemistry of depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety. It is also believed to be influential... serotonin. The term bufotoxin can also be used specifically to describe the conjugate of a bufagin with suberylargine (Chen & Kovarikova, 1967).
Extract from the skin of certain Asian toads, such as Bufo gargarizans, is often found in certain Chinese folk remedies.
Toads known to secrete bufotoxin are:
- Bufo alvarius
- Bufo americanus
- Bufo arenarum
- Bufo asper
- Bufo blombergi
- Bufo bufo
- Bufo bufo gargarizans
- Bufo formosus
- Bufo fowerii
- Bufo marinus
- Bufo melanostictus
- Bufo peltocephalus
- Bufo quercicus
- Bufo regularis
- Bufo valliceps
- Bufo viridis
- Bufo vulgaris
