Bukharin, public domain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click...

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin ( Russian (русский язык  listen?) is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the group of Indo-European languages, and is therefore related to Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, as well as the modern Germanic, Romance, and Celtic... Russian: Николай Иванович Бухарин), ( October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in Leap years). There are 83 days remaining. Events 1000 - Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America. 1238 - James I of Aragon conquered Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia. 1446 - The... October 9 ( September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 95 days remaining. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theoderic at the Battle of Verona, and is defeated again. 1540 - Jesuit Order receives its charter from Pope Paul III. 1590 - Pope Urban VII dies... September 27 In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... Old Style) 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). In Germany, 1888 is known as the 1888 Year of Three Emperors. Events January 3 - 91cm telescope first used at Lick Observatory January 12 ? Blizzards in Dakota and Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska and Texas - 235 dead, many... 1888 – March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). There are 293 days remaining. Events 483 - St. Felix becomes Pope. 874 - The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople. 1138 - Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope... March 13, 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 3 - The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. January 11 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. January 20 - Wedding of King... 1938) was a Bolshevik Party Meeting. A Bolshevik (Большеви́к, derived from a Russian word loosely translated as majority) was a member of a faction of Bolsheviks of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), the Marxist political party led by Vladimir Lenin that seized... Bolshevik The phrase Russian Revolution can refer to three specific events in the history of Imperial Russia. Timeline of The Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a series of riots and anti-government violence against Tsar Nicholas II, leading to the first Russian Constitution and the creation of the... revolutionary and The intelligentsia is a social class of intellectuals and social groups close to them (e.g. artists, school teachers), which can be also seen as a class of mental workers in opposition to non-working aristocracy or business owners on the one hand and to manual laborers on the other... intellectual, and later a The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик... Soviet politician.

Bukharin was born in Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097.12 km2. Its coordinates are 55°45′ N 37°37′ E. The citys population... Moscow to two primary school teachers. His political life began at the age of sixteen when, together with his lifelong friend Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Илья́ Григо́рьевич Эренбу́рг) (January 27, 1891–August 31, 1967) was a Russian writer and journalist. Life and work Ilya Ehrenburg played many roles... Ilya Ehrenburg, he participated in student activities at Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет имен... Moscow University related to the The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a country-wide spasm of both anti-government and undirected violence. It was not controlled or managed, and it had no single cause or aim. It is usually regarded as a signpost of changes in Russia leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Background... Russian Revolution of 1905.

He joined the The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP (Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая... Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1906, becoming a member of the Bolshevik Party Meeting. A Bolshevik (Большеви́к, derived from a Russian word loosely translated as majority) was a member of a faction of Bolsheviks of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), the Marxist political party led by Vladimir Lenin that seized... Bolshevik faction. With Grigori Sokolnikov, he convened the 1907 national youth conference in Moscow, which was later considered the founding of the Komsomol (Комсомол) is a syllabic abbreviation word, from the Russian Kommunisticheski Soyuz Molodiozhi (Коммунистический союз молодёжи), or Communist... Komsomol.

By age 20, he was a member of the Moscow Committee of the party. The committee was heavily infiltrated by the czarist secret police, or The Okhranka were the secret police of the Russian Empire. The full name was Security Bureau (Okhrannoje Otdelenie, in Russian) of the Ministry of the Interiors Department of Police. It was informally called Okhrana. Okhranka, or tsarist okhranka in the derogatory naming used by revolutionaries and other people dissatisfied... Okhrana. As one of its leaders, Bukharin quickly became a person of interest to them. During this time, he became closely associated with N. Osinskii and Vladimir Mikhailovich Smirnov and met his future wife, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Lukina, the sister of Nikolai Lukin. They married soon after his exile.

In 1911 is a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). Events January-June January 1 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia January 3 - In London, in what becomes known as the Siege of Sidney Street, the Metropolitan Police and the Scots Guards engage in a shootout... 1911, after a brief imprisonment, Bukharin was exiled to Onega in Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть) is a Russia. It includes Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya island, and also the autonomous district of Nenetsia. Excluding Nenetsia, Arkhangelsk Oblast has an area... Arkhangelsk, but soon appeared in Hanover. During this exile, he continued his education and became a major Bolshevik theorist. He developed an interest in non-Marxist economic theories such as Aleksandr Bogdanov, who deviated from Bolshevik positions.

While in exile, Bukharin wrote several books and edited the newspaper Novy Mir (New Peace) with 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky ( Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky ) (October 26 ( O.S.) = November 7 ( N.S.), 1879 - August 21, 1940), born... Leon Trotsky and Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (Алекса́ндра Миха́йловна Коллонта́й — born Domontovich, Домонто́вич) (March... Alexandra Kollontai. During the Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I, he wrote a small book on imperialism from which Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was... Vladimir Lenin later drew some of the ideas he put forward in his larger and better known work, Imperialism—The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Upon his return to Russia, Bukharin became one of the leading Bolsheviks in Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097.12 km2. Its coordinates are 55°45′ N 37°37′ E. The citys population... Moscow and was elected to the The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, Tseka, was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Its full name was Центра́льный Комите́т Ком... Central Committee. After the revolution, he also became editor of Front page of a Pravda issue published during the August 1991 coup. The head article title says: Declaration of the Soviet Leadership. Pravda (Russian: Пра́вда, truth) is a famous newspaper of the Soviet Union, an official publication of the Communist Party between 1918 and... Pravda.

Bukharin led the opposition of the Left Communists to the The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief... Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, arguing instead for the Bolsheviks to continue the war effort and turn it into a world-wide push for proletarian revolution. In 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January 2 - The first religious radio broadcast ( KDKA AM in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) January 2 - Spanish liner Santa Isabel sinks off Villa Garcia - 244 dead January 2 - DeYoung Museum in Golden Gate Park San Francisco opens. January 20... 1921, he changed his position and accepted Lenin's policies, encouraging the development of the The New Economic Policy, or NEP ( Russian: ) was a system of economic reforms, partly market-oriented, that Vladimir Lenin instituted in the Russian SFSR and then Soviet Union. The emergency policy of War communism, introduced during the Russian Civil War, was terminated, and the NEP replaced it in 1921 as... New Economic Policy. Some believe that this drastic change of position suggests that Lenin was correct when he remarked in his will that Bukharin had never fully understood Marxism and dialectics. After Lenin's death, Bukharin became a full member of the The Politburo (in Russian: Политбюро), known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The body was made up of the top members of the Central Committee... Politburo in 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 7 - Great fire in London harbour January 8 - Heavy blizzards in England January 10 - British submarine L-34 sinks in the English Channel - 43 dead. January 21 - Vladimir Lenin dies and Joseph Stalin... 1924, and the president of the The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. The slogan at the top says proletarians of all countries, unite! The Comintern (from Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an international Communist organization founded in... Communist International ( The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. The slogan at the top says proletarians of all countries, unite! The Comintern (from Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an international Communist organization founded in... Comintern) in 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-April January 1 - Irelands first regular radio service, 2RN (later Radio Éireann), begins broadcasting. January 8 - Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud becomes the King of Hejaz January 12 - Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll... 1926.

After 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-April January 1 - Irelands first regular radio service, 2RN (later Radio Éireann), begins broadcasting. January 8 - Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud becomes the King of Hejaz January 12 - Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll... 1926, Bukharin, by then regarded as the leader of the Communist Party's right wing, became an ally of the center of the party, which was led by Joseph Stalin Iosif (Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი... Stalin and which constituted the ruling group after Stalin broke his earlier alliance with Categories: People stubs | Old Bolsheviks | Soviet politicians | Exonerated Soviet death sentences | Russian Jews ... Kamenev and Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евсе́евич Зино́вьев, real name Ovsel Gershon Aronov Radomyslsky (Радомысльский), also... Zinoviev. It was Bukharin who developed the thesis of " The Socialism in one country theory is the foundation of Stalinism (or Stalinist socialism), though it was actually developed by Bukharin and then adopted by Stalin. The theory is in opposition to Lenins beliefs that while a revolution may happen in one country, the final success of socialism in... Socialism in one country," which argued that socialism (in Marxist theory, the lower stage of Communism) could be developed in a single country, even one as underdeveloped as Russia. This new theory stated that revolution need no longer be encouraged in the capitalist countries, since Russia could and should achieve socialism alone. The thesis would become a hallmark of Stalinism is a brand of political theory, and the political and economic system implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. Leon Trotsky described the system as totalitarian, and this description has become widely used by critics of Stalinism. Stalinism as political theory The term Stalinism is sometimes used to... Stalinism long after Bukharin died.

When Bukharin opposed Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin ( Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili ( Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილ... Stalin's proposed collectivization of agriculture in 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 6- 7 - River Thames floods in London - 14 drowned January 17 - OGPU arrests Lev Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled to Turkestan February - Kurume University... 1928, Stalin attacked Bukharin's views and forced him to renounce them. As a result, Bukharin lost his position in the Comintern in April 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 2 - Canada and the United States agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls. January 9 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind ( Nashville, Tennessee... 1929 and was expelled from the Politburo in November of that year. International supporters of Bukharin, led by Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it. Early history Born Jacob Liebstein in Lithuania, he emigrated with his parents in 1907 to... Jay Lovestone of the The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States. While the CPUSA played a significant role in organizing industrial unions and defending the rights of African-Americans in the 1930s and 1940s, it was effectively eliminated as a... Communist Party USA, were also expelled from the The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. The slogan at the top says proletarians of all countries, unite! The Comintern (from Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an international Communist organization founded in... Comintern. They formed an international alliance to promote their views, calling it the The Right Opposition was the name given to the tendency made up of Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov and their supporters within the Soviet Union in the late 1920s. It is also the name given to right-wing critics within the Communist movement internationally, particularly those who coalesced in the International... Right Opposition after a term used in the Soviet Union to refer to Bukharin and his supporters there.

Bukharin was rehabilitated by Stalin and was made editor of Izvestia (the name in Russian means news and is short for Izvestiya Sovetov Narodnykh Deputatov SSSR, Известия Советов народных депутатов СС... Izvestia in 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-April January 1 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison. January 7 - First Flash Gordon comic strip is published. January 10 - Execution of Marinus van der Lubbe January 24 - Einstein visits White House January 26 - The... 1934, but was arrested again in 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua January 11 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States. January 19 - Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying... 1937 for "conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state." He was tried in March 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-May January 3 - The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. January 11 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. January 20 - Wedding of King... 1938 as part of the Trial of the Twenty-one during the The Great Purge is the name given to campaigns of repression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s which included a purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The term repression was officially used to denote the prosecution of people recognized as counter-revolutionaries and enemies of... Great Purges, and was shot by the Black Ravens by Boris Vladimirski, a depiction of the cars used by NKVD agents. Curiously, this painting was approved by Stalins censors. The Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (or NKVD) (Russian: Народный комиссариат... NKVD.

Bukharin was officially rehabilitated by the Soviet state under Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov (Gorbachev)  listen? ( Russian: ; pronunciation: mih-kha-ILL ser-GHE-ye-vich gor-bah-CHYOHV) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. His attempts at reform led to the end of the Cold War, but also inadvertently caused the end... Mikhail Gorbachev in 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events Environmental change Zebra mussels found in the Great lakes December 2 - Cyclone in Bangladesh leaves 5 million homeless - thousands dead December 7 - In Armenia an earthquake 6.9 on the Richter scale killed nearly 25.000... 1988.

See also: For other usage of the initials CPSU see CPSU (disambiguation). The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тск... Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Further reading

• Anna Larina, This I Cannot Forget: The Memoirs of Nikolai Bukharin's Widow, W. W. Norton, 1991, hardcover, 384 pages, ISBN 0393030253
• Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A political biography, 1888-1938, Knopf, 1973, hardcover, 495 pages, ISBN 0394460146; trade paperback, Oxford University Press, 1980, ISBN 0195026977; trade paperback, Vintage Books, ISBN 0394712617

External link

• Nikolai Bukharin archive at marxists.org (http://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/index.htm)