Bukovina (Ukrainian: Буковина, Bukovyna; Romanian: Bucovina; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. It is currently split between Romania and Ukraine. Most regions and provinces of Europe have alternative names in different languages. ... Satellite image of the Carpathians. ...

Flag (Landesfarben) of Bukovina in Austria-Hungary

Image File history File links Flag_of_Bukowina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bukowina. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Name

The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became Austrian Empire in 1804, and Austria-Hungary in 1867. It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

The official German name, die Bukowina, of the province under Austrian rule (1775–1918), was derived from the Polish form Bukowina, which in turn comes from the Slavic word for beech tree (бук [buk] in Ukrainian).^{[citation needed]} This was due to the fact that from 1775 until 1849, Bukovina was administered as an integral part of neighbouring Galicia, whose internal government was, by active Austrian policy, controlled by Polish bureaucrats and nobles (szlachta). Another German name for region, das Buchenland, is mostly used in poetry, and means "beech land", or "the land of beech trees".  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... Species Fagus crenata - Japanese Beech Fagus engleriana - Chinese Beech Fagus grandifolia - American Beech Fagus hayatae - Taiwan Beech Fagus japonica - Japanese Blue Beech Fagus longipetiolata - South Chinese Beech Fagus lucida - Shining Beech Fagus mexicana - Mexican Beech or Haya Fagus orientalis - Oriental Beech Fagus sylvatica - European Beech Beech (Fagus) is a genus... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Polish szlachcic. ...

During the Middle Ages, the region was the northwestern third of "Ţara de Sus" (Upper Country in Romanian) part of the Moldavian Principality, as opposed to "Ţara de Jos" (Lower Country). The region was the cradle of the Moldavian Principality, and remained its political center until 1574, when its capital was moved from Suceava to Iaşi. It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... County Suceava County Status County capital Mayor Ion Lungu, National Liberal Party, since 2004 Population (2002) 105,865 Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... County IaÅŸi County Status Municipality Mayor Gheorghe Nichita, Social Democratic Party, since 2003 Area 93. ...

Nowadays in Ukraine it is common to use the terms Chernivtsi Oblast and Bukovina interchangeably, since over 2/3 of Oblast (province) is Northern Bukovina. In Romania the term Northern Bucovina is synonymous to Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, and (Southern) Bucovina to Suceava County of Romania, although 10% of the Suceava County covers territory not included in historical Southern Bukovina. Administrative center Chernivtsi Governor Volodymyr Kalish (?) Oblast council  - Chairperson  - Council seats ? (?) ? Subdivisions  - Raions  - Cities of oblast subordinance  - Cities   -Towns  - Villages 11 2 11 8 398 Area Total  - Land  - Water (% of total)  Ranked 24th 8,097 km² ? km² ? km² (?%) Population  - Total (2006)  - Density  - Annual Growth Ranked ? 904,423 113/km² ?% Average... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Administrative map of Romania with Suceava county highlighted Suceava is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Bukovina region, with the capital city at Suceava (population: 118,670). ...

In English, an alternate form is The Bukovina, increasingly an archaism, which, however, is found in older literature.

History

Before the 14th century

During Stone age, Bukovina was populated by Cucuteni-Trypillian culture of early settlers (4500 BC – 3000 BC), which was overrun, around 2000 BC, by the migration of Indo-Europeans. Stone Age fishing hook. ... The Cucuteni culture (also Cucuteni-Tripolie, after the Romanian Cucuteni and the Ukrainian Trypillia villages) is an early 5th millennium BC neolithic culture of Central Europe, in the area of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, in the Dniestr-Dnjepr region. ... The settlers culture is formed by people who take up residence on land and cultivate it, as opposed to nomads. ... (6th millennium BC – 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – other millennia) Events 4860 BC - Mount Mazama in Oregon collapses, forming a caldera that later fills with water and becomes Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. ... (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. ... (Redirected from 2000 BC) (21st century BC - 20th century BC - 19th century BC - other centuries) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 2064 - 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt 2000 BC -- Farmers and herders travel south from Ethiopia and settle in Kenya. ... For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ...

Starting with the 2nd millennium BC, it was inhabited by the Dacian tribes, such as Costoboci and Carpians, for a period cohabitated also by the Celto-Germanic tribe of Bastarnae. From approx. 70 BC to 44 BC, the region was incorporated in the Dacian Kingdom of Burebista. The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. ... Dacian kingdom during the reign of Burebista, 82 BC The Dacians (Lat. ... The Costoboci were a Dacian tribe, which lived in the areas known today as Maramures and southern Ukraine. ... The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now Bacău county, Romania. ... The Bastarnae were a Celtic or mixed Germanic-Celtic tribe who lived in the Danube estuary and western Balkans during the last centuries BC and early centuries AD. The origin of their name is uncertain, but may mean mixed-bloods (compare bastard) as opposed to the neighbouring Germanic Skiri clean... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 75 BC 74 BC 74 BC 73 BC 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC 69 BC 68... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... Dacian Kingdom, during the rule of Burebista, 82 BC Burebista,[1] the greatest king of Dacia, ruled between 70 BC and 44 BC. He unified the Thracian population from Hercynia (todays Moravia) in the west, to the Bug River in the east, and from the northern Carpathians to Dionysopolis...

When the Dacian Kingdom of Decebal, which included the territories just on the other side of the Carpathian Mountains from what is today Bukovina, fell to the Romans in 106, the area came under huge linguistic and cultural influence of the Roman Empire through settlement of numerous colonists and veterans of the Roman legions. Wood and mud forts of the Legio V Macedonica, employed for providing early warning and travel security, stretched all the way to the Dniester River in today's northern Moldova. Decebalus, from the Trajans Column Decebalus (ruled 87-106 CE) (Decebal in Romanian) was a Dacian king. ... For other uses, see number 106. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... This coin was issued by Roman emperor Gallienus to celebrate the V Macedonica, whose symbol, the eagle, is crowned of wrath by Victoria. ... The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ...

The mixture of Romanized Dacians and Roman colonists that resulted, is referred to by scientists as proto-Romanians, although they continued to call themselves Roman (hence Romanian "român"/"rumân"), while many neighbouring (especially Slavic) nations called them Vlachs. Vlachs (also called Wallachians, Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs or Ulahs) is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. ...

In 3rd century (240s–270s) the region was plundered by the Goths, in the 4th century by the Huns (370s–380s), and in the 6th century (560s–570s) by the Avars. The Byzantines never managed to regain political control of the region after the defeat in 567, although religiously the region was dependent from the Byzantine Patriarch of Constantinople until the end of 14th century. // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes who appeared in Europe in the 4th century, the most famous person being Attila. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... Events Livva I succeeds Athanagild as king of the Visigoths. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Throne inside the Patriarchade of Constantinople. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

During the 7th century and 8th century, Slavic populations reached the region and influenced the locals in respect to certain agricultural methods (e.g. burning the forests to increase the cultivated land). By the end of the 8th century the Slavic tribes either moved to today's Bulgaria, Serbia and Croatia, or were assimilated by proto-Romanians.^{[citation needed]} The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Countries inhabited predominantly by Slavic peoples The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Eastern Europe. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Anthem: Bože pravde (English: God of Justice) Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Republic  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica  - President Boris Tadić Establishment    - Formation 814   - First Serbian Uprising 1804   - Internationally recognized July 13, 1878   - Kingdom of SCS created December 1, 1918   - SCG dissolved...

In 797 the Avars, who settled in today's Hungary and collected regular tribute from the peasants all other south-eastern Europe, were defeated by Charlemagne. In the following decades several dosen proto-Romanian voevodates sprang all other south-eastern Europe. The low-land teritorry of the present-day Bukovina was included in one of them^{[citation needed]}, which had its center at Dorohoi (approx. 20 km east of Bukovina), then at Siret (in the center of Bukovina). The villages of the Campulung Valley formed a "republic" that preserved its autonomy even under the Principality of Moldavia. Events July 17 - Irene orders her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI captured and deposed August 15 - Irenes orders are accomplished; her son is blinded, and herself declared emperor the next day. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht Dürer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... Voivod or (more common) voivoda is a Slavic term initially denoting first in command of a military unit. ... Dorohoi is a town in the Botosani county, Romania, on the right bank of the river Jijia, which broadens into a lake on the north. ... The Siret River is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of the Ukraine, flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins Danube. ... Câmpulung Moldovenesc is a town located in Suceava county, which is in the historical Bucovina region of Moldavia in North Eastern Romania. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ...

Immediately to the north of Bukovina, in 12th to early 14th century was the East Slavic Principality of Halych-Volhynia, formely a part Kievan Rus (880–12th century), which expanded as far south as the sourse of the Prut river. ^{[citation needed]} The Romanian voevodes and the Slavic Princes were often allied in defending against the Tatars in 1240s–1340s, but were always defeated. The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. ... Halych-Volhynia, or Halych-Volodymyr, was a large state in Ruthenia (Rus ) which existed in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the... For other uses, see number 880. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The Prut river (also known as Pruth) is 950 km long, originating in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine and flowing southeast to join the Danube river near Reni, east of Galaţi. ... Kültigin Monument where first mention of Tatar people is inscribed Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartar (more about the name), is a collective name applied to the Turkic speaking people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. ...

Moldavian Principality

From the mid-14th century, the two local Romanian voevodates, and a third downtrodden by the King of Hungary from Maramureş, united ^{[citation needed]} and expanded their territory all the way to the Black Sea. The Bukovina region became the nucleus of the Moldavian Principality, with the city of Suceava as its capital from 1388 (after Baia and Siret). The name of Moldavia (Moldova) is derived from a river (Moldova River) flowing in Bukovina. MaramureÅŸ (Hungarian: Máramaros) is a county (judeÅ£) in the MaramureÅŸ region, northern Romania, in the North of Transylvania with the capital city at Baia Mare (population: 149,735). ... Map of the Black Sea. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... County Suceava County Status County capital Mayor Ion Lungu, National Liberal Party, since 2004 Population (2002) 105,865 Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... Baia is a commune in the Suceava County, with a population of 6,793 (2002 census). ... The Siret River is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of the Ukraine, flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins Danube. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Moldova river is a river of the Moldavia region of Romania, which rises from the Obcine of Bukovina in Suceava county. ...

In the 15th century, Pokuttya (Pocuţia), the region immediately to the north, became the subject of disputes between the Moldavian Principality and the Polish Kingdom, and in 1497 a batlle took place at Codrii Cosminului (the hilly forests separating Chernivtsi (Cernauţi) and Siret valleys), at which Stephen III of Moldavia managed to defeat the much-stronger but demoralized army of King John I Albert of Poland, known in Polish popular culture as "the battle when the knights have perished". Pokuttya or Pokuttia (Ukrainian: , Romanian: , Polish: ) is a historical area of Central Europe, between upper Prut and Cheremosh rivers, in modern Ukraine. ... The Jagiellon Era 1385-1569, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jagiello. ... The Battle of the Cosmin Forest (1497) was fought between the Moldavian Prince, Åžtefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great), and King John Albert (Jan Olbracht) of the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Chernivtsi highlighted. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Chernivtsi highlighted. ... The Siret River is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of the Ukraine, flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins Danube. ... Stephen the Great (Romanian icon) Stephen III of Moldavia, also called Stephen MuÅŸat III (BorzeÅŸti, 1433 – Suceava, 1504-07-02) was a voivod (prince) of Moldova (1457-1504), who won renown in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottoman Empire. ... For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland. ...

In this period, the patronage of Stephen III of Moldavia and his successors on the throne of Moldavia saw the construction of the famous painted monasteries of Moldoviţa, Suceviţa, Putna, Humor, Voroneţ, Dragomirna, Arbora, and others. With their renowned exterior frescoes, these monasteries remain some of the greatest cultural treasures of Romania; some of them are World Heritage Sites, part of the painted churches of northern Moldavia. Stephen also settled the first Ruthenians in Bukovina with the hope of having a loyal and more numerous population that would contribute with taxes. In Suceava, in the 16th century, two percent of the population (i.e. about 500–1000 people) was Ruthenian. Stephen the Great (Romanian icon) Stephen III of Moldavia, also called Stephen MuÅŸat III (BorzeÅŸti, 1433 – Suceava, 1504-07-02) was a voivod (prince) of Moldova (1457-1504), who won renown in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottoman Empire. ... The Putna monastery is one of the most important cultural,religious and artistic centers of Medieval Moldova being among with many others monasteries the creation of Prince Stephen the Great ( Stefan cel Mare ). It was founded on the lands perambulated by the Putna river which has its source in the... Look up Humour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... VoroneÅ£ is a monastery in Romania, found near the town of Gura Humorului. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... The painted churches of northern Moldavia are seven Romanian Orthodox churches in Suceava County, Romania in northern Moldavia, built approximately between 1487 and 1532. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... County Suceava County Status County capital Mayor Ion Lungu, National Liberal Party, since 2004 Population (2002) 105,865 Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ...

In 1538, the Moldavian Principality came under the control of the Ottoman Turks, but it remained autonomous and was governed as before by a native Voivod. For short periods of time (during wars), the Polish Kingdom occupied parts of northern Moldavia. However the old border was re-established every time after, as for example on 14 October 1703 the Polish delegate Martin Chometowski acknowledges "Between us and Wallachia (i.e. Moldavia) God himself set Dniester as the border" (Inter nos et Valachiam ipse Deus flumine Tyras dislimitavit). The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkish people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. ... Voivod or (more common) voivoda is a Slavic term initially denoting first in command of a military unit. ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Vlachs (also called Wallachians, Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs or Ulahs) is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. ... The Dniester (Polish Dniestr, Ukrainian Дністер (Dnister), Romanian Nistru, Russian Днестр (Dnestr), Yiddish‫נעסטער ‬ (nester), Serbian (Dnjester) and during antiquity was called Tyras in Latin) is a river in Eastern Europe. ...

In the course of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, the Ottoman armies were defeated by the Russian Empire, that occupied the region during 15 December 1769 – September 1774, and previously during 14 September–October 1739. Bukovina was the reward the Habsburgs received for aiding (saving) the Ottomans in that war. Prince Grigore III Ghica of Moldavia protested and was prepared to take action to recover the territory, but was assassinated, and a Greek-Phanariot foreigner was put by the Ottomans on the throne of Moldavia. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1924) Area Approx. ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ... Grigore III Ghica Grigore III Ghica was twice the Prince of Moldavia between 29 March 1764 - 3 February 1767 and September 1774 - 10 October 1777 and of Wallachia: 28 October 1768 - November 1769. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Fanar (formerly Phanar) is a neighborhood in Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Constantinople). ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ...

Austrian Empire

Ethnic map of the Austrian province of Bukowina

The Austrian Empire occupied Bukowina in October 1774. Following the first partition of Poland in 1772, the Austrians claimed that they needed it for a road between Galicia and Transylvania. Bukovina was formally annexed in January 1775. On 2 July 1776, at Palamutka, Austrians and Ottomans signed a border convention, Austrians giving back 59 of the previously occupied villages, and remaining with 278 villages. Download high resolution version (1019x1393, 196 KB)harta 1910 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1019x1393, 196 KB)harta 1910 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... The Partitions of Poland (Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... Year 1776 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Bukovina was a closed military district (1775–1786), then the largest district, Kreis Czernowitz (after its capital Czernowitz) of the Austrian constituent Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1787–1849), and, finally, on 4 March 1849, became a separate Austrian Kronland 'crown land' under a Landespräsident (not a Stadthalter, as in other crown lands) and declared Herzogtum Bukowina (nominal duchy, as part of the official full style of the Austrian Emperors). In 1860 – 26 February 1861, it was again amalgamated with Galicia, but reverted to the previous status. There are 439 German districts, administrative units in Germany. ... Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Lanškroun is a town and municipality in the Czech Republic, on the border between former provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

In 1849 Bukovina got a representative assembly, the Landtag (diet). The Moldavian nobility had traditionally formed the ruling class in that territory. In 1867 it remained part of the Cisleithanian or Austrian territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918. Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien) was the name of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

According to the 1775 Austrian census, the province had the total population of 86,000, made up mostly of Romanians (Moldovans), and up to 10,000 Slavs (Polish, Ruthenians and Hutzuls). During the 19th century the Austrian Empire policies encouraged the influx of many immigrants such as Germans, Poles, Jews, Hungarians, and Ruthenian from Galicia. By 1900 the Romanian population decreased to roughly 40% of Bukovina, with significant Ukrainian (Ruthenian, Hutzul) (especially in villages in the northern half), German, Jewish, Polish (especially in towns), and Hungarian (several villages) minorities. Rusyns, also called Ruthenians, Ruthenes, Rusins, Carpatho-Rusins, and Russniaks, are a modern group of ethnic groups that speak the Rusyn language and are descended from the minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt a Ukrainian national identity and become Ukrainians in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Rusyns, also called Ruthenians, Ruthenes, Rusins, Carpatho-Rusins, and Russniaks, are a modern group of ethnic groups that speak the Rusyn language and are descended from the minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt a Ukrainian national identity and become Ukrainians in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. ... Hutsuls or Huculs (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул) are a group of Ukrainian highlanders, considered a subgroup of Rusyns by some references. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination...

Late-19th to early-20th centuries

The 1871 and 1904 jubilees held at Putna Monastery, near the tomb of Ştefan cel Mare, have constituted tremendous moments for Romanian national identity in Bukovina. Since gaining its independence, Romania envisioned to incorporate this historic province which, as a core of Moldavian Principality, was of a great historic significance to its history and contained many prominent monuments of its art and architecture. [1] Stephen the Great and Holys tomb at Putna Monastery The Putna monastery is one of the most important cultural, religious and artistic centers of Medieval Moldavia being among with many others monasteries the creation of Prince Stephen the Great ([[Stefan cel Mare]). It was founded on the lands perambulated... Stephen the Great (Romanian icon) Stephen III of Moldavia, also called Stephen MuÅŸat III (BorzeÅŸti, 1433 – Suceava, 1504-07-02) was a voivod (prince) of Moldova (1457-1504), who won renown in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottoman Empire. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ... The art of Romania describes the artists and artistic movements in Romania. ...

Despite the influx of migrants encouraged under the Austrian rule, Romanians continued to be the largest ethnic group in the province until 1880, when Ruthenians (Ukrainians) outnumbered the Romanians 5:4. According to the 1880 census there were 239,690 Ruthenians and Hutzuls, or roughly 41.5 % of the population of the region, while Romanians were second with 190,005 people or 33%, a ratio that remained unchanged until World War I. Ruthenian is an archaic name for Ukrainian, while the Hutsuls are nowadays considered as an ethnic group of Ukrainian stock (ethnically Vlach shepherds who acquired a Slavic (Ukrainian) language). Hutsuls or Huculs (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул) are a group of Ukrainian highlanders, considered a subgroup of Rusyns by some references. ... {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Hutsuls or Huculs (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул) are a group of Ukrainian highlanders, considered a subgroup of Rusyns by some references. ... Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river. ...

Under Austrian rule Bukovina remained ethnically mixed: predominantly Romanian in the south, Ukrainian (commonly referred to as Ruthenians in the Empire) in the north, with small numbers of Hungarian Székely, Slovak and Polish peasants, and Germans, Poles and Jews in the towns. The 1910 census counted 800 198 people, of which: Ruthenian 38.88%, Romanian 34.38%, German 21.24%, Jews 12.86%, Polish 4.55%, Hungarian 1.31%, Slovak 0.08%, Slovenian 0.02%, Italian 0.02%, and a few Armenian, Croat, Gypsy, Serbian, and Turkish. Romanians were still present in all settlements of the region, but their number decreased in the villages in the north. Many of Bukovina's Germans, and a few Romanians, emigrated in 19th and 20th century to North America. [www.bukovinasociety.org/] [2] [3] Ruthenians is a name that has been applied to different ethnic groups at different times; for an explanation of the reasons for this, see Ruthenia. ... The Székely or Szeklers (Hungarian: , Romanian: , German: ) ( sék-ei in pronunciation ) are a Hungarian ethnic group mostly living in Transylvania in Romania, with a significant population also living in Vojvodina, Serbia. ... Ruthenian may refer to: Ruthenia, a name applied to various parts of Eastern Europe Ruthenians, the peoples of Ruthenia Ruthenian language, a name applied to several Slavic languages This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (where theyre one of the constitutive nations). ... This article is becoming very long. ... ...

In spite of some friction between Romanian and Ukrainian populations at the time over the influences in the Orthodox hierarchy^{[citation needed]}, the inter-ethnic conflicts did not reach a significant level and both cultures developed in educational and public life. Moreover, at the end of the 19th century, the development of Ukrainian culture in Bukovina surpassed Galicia and the rest of Ukraine with a network of Ukrainian educational facilities. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ...

According to the census data of Austria-Hungary, the population of Bukovina was: Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Kingdom of Romania

In World War I, several battles were fought in Bukovina between the Austro-Hungarian, German, and Russian armies, which resulted in the Russian army being driven out in 1917. {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

With the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the National Council of Bukovina, led by the Romanian Bukovinian politician Iancu Flondor, voted for the union with the Kingdom of Romania on 28 November, with the support of the Romanian, German, Jewish, and Polish representatives, and the opposition of the Ukrainian ones. After an official request by Iancu Flondor, Romanian troops swiftly moved in to occupy the territory overcoming the Ukrainian resistance.^[1]. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Iancu Flondor (1865-1924) was a Romanian patriot from Bukovina who militated for the unification of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania. ... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Iancu Flondor (1865-1924) was a Romanian patriot from Bukovina who militated for the unification of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania. ...

Although local Ukrainians attempted to incorporate parts of northern Bukovina into the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic, this attempt was defeated by the Polish and Romanian troops. Romanian control of the province was recognized internationally in the Treaty of St. Germain in 1919. The West Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: ) was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia and included the cities of Lviv, Kolomyya, and Stanislav. ... The Treaty of Saint-Germain, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new republic of Austria on the other. ...

During the interwar period Romanian authorities directed Rumanization policies at the Ukrainian population of the region. Romanian language was introduced into ethnic minority schools in 1923, and by 1926 all Ukrainian schools in Bukovina were closed. The Interwar period was the time between World War I and World War II, ergo the 1920s and 1930s. ... Romanianization was the effort of the government and institutions of Greater Romania and later Communist Romania to assimilate the non-Romanians (mainly Hungarians) in Transylvania during the 20th century, initiated with the intent to revert the century-old policy of Magyarization, but continued with the intent to produce an ethnic... Romanian (limba română IPA ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 26 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova. ...

At the same time, the Ukrainian enrollment in the Cernăuţi University fell from 239 out of 1671, in 1914, to 155 out of 3,247, in 1933, while Romanian enrollment in the same period increased several times to 2,117 out of 3,247.^[2] This was partly due to attempts to switch to mostly Romanian language, and partly to the fact that the university was one of only five in Romania, and was considered prestigious. The Chernivtsi University (current full name Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University) is the leading Ukrainian institution for higher education in Northern Bukovina, located in Chernivtsi, the city in the south-west of Ukraine. ...

From 1928, as Romania tried to improve its relations with Soviet Union during 1928–1938, Ukrainian culture was given some limited means to redevelop, though the gains were sharply reversed in 1938.

According to the 1930 Romanian census, Romanians made up almost 45% of the total population of Bukovina and Ruthenians (Ukrainians) 29.2%. However, in the northern part of the region, which subsequently was ceded to the USSR following the June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum, Romanians made up only 32.6% of the population, while Ukrainians slightly outnumbered Romanians. The June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum was issued by the Soviet Union to Romania, regarding the Soviet territorial requests. ...

In 1940, when the region was occupied by the Soviet Union, Chernivtsi Oblast (2/3 of which is Northern Bukovina) had a population of circa 805,000, out of which 47.5% were Ukrainians in 1940, and 28.3% were Romanians, with Germans, Jews, Poles, Hungarians and Russians comprising the rest^{[citation needed]}. Some Romanian intellectuals fled out of the region before the Soviet ocupation. The prevailing Ukrainian population was a motivation for inclusion of the region into the Ukrainian SSR, but not into the newly-formed Moldavian SSR. Whether the region would have been included in the Ukrainian SSR, if the commission presiding over the division had been led by someone else than the Ukrainian communist leader Nikita Khrushchev, remains a debate among scholars. Administrative center Chernivtsi Governor Volodymyr Kalish (?) Oblast council  - Chairperson  - Council seats ? (?) ? Subdivisions  - Raions  - Cities of oblast subordinance  - Cities   -Towns  - Villages 11 2 11 8 398 Area Total  - Land  - Water (% of total)  Ranked 24th 8,097 km² ? km² ? km² (?%) Population  - Total (2006)  - Density  - Annual Growth Ranked ? 904,423 113/km² ?% Average... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... State motto: Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! Official language None. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: ; English: Nikita Sergeevič Hruŝëv; IPA: ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov; April 17, 1894 [O.S. April 5]–September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ...

Preceding events and Second World War

Following the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, the June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum demanded from Romania the northern part of Bukovina, a region bordering Galicia (the latter annexed by the Soviet Union at 1939 Poland's partition in 1939). Soviet demand for Bukovina surprised Nazi Germany, though it did not formally oppose it. In the first Soviet ultimatum addressed to the Romanian government, the partly Ukrainian populated northern Bukovina was "demanded" as a minor "reparation for the great loss produced to the Soviet Union and Bassarabia's population by twenty-two years of Romanian domination of Bassarabia". On 28 June 1940, the Romanian government evacuated Northern Bukovina, and the Red Army moved in, with the new Soviet-Romanian border being traced less than 20 kilometers north of Putna Monastery. Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia, or more precisely between the Soviet Union and the Third Reich. ... The June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum was issued by the Soviet Union to Romania, regarding the Soviet territorial requests. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Poland Nazi Germany Soviet Union Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North) Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South) Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front) Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front) Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength Poland: 39 divisions 16 brigades 4,300 guns 880 tanks 400 aircraft... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... Stephen the Great and Holys tomb at Putna Monastery The Putna monastery is one of the most important cultural, religious and artistic centers of Medieval Moldavia being among with many others monasteries the creation of Prince Stephen the Great ([[Stefan cel Mare]). It was founded on the lands perambulated...

In the course of the 1941 attack on the Soviet Union by the Axis forces, the Romanian Third Army led by General Petre Dumitrescu (operating in the north) and the Romanian Fourth Army (operating in the south) re-occupied Northern Bukovina, as well as Hertsa district, and Bassarabia, during June–July 1941. However, then it continued the war, and occupied during 1941–1944 proper Soviet territories in the south of Ukrainian SSR — the Odessa Oblast, and parts of Mykolaiv and Vinnytsia oblasts. Combatants Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler General (later MareÅŸal) Ion Antonescu Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Joseph Stalin Strength ~ 3. ... The Axis Powers is a term for the loose alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan. ... The Romanian Third Army was a field army that fought as part of of the German Army Group B during World War II. Categories: | | | ... Petre Dumitrescu Petre Dumitrescu (February 18, 1882 - January 15, 1950) was a Romanian general during World War II, who led the Romanian Third Army on its campaign against the Soviet Union in the southwest. ... Hertsaivskyi Raion (Ukrainian: , translit. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Odessa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, Odes’ka oblast’ or Одещина, Odeshchyna) is an oblast of south-western Ukraine. ... Mykolayiv Oblast (Миколаївська область, Mykolaivs’ka oblast’ or Миколаївщина, Mykolaivshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Vinnytsia Oblast (Ukrainian: ) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ...

During 1940–1950, major demographic changes occurred in northern Bukovina. These demographic shifts are explained by several separate but concurrent phenomena:

1. fleeing of a part of the population to Romania (mainly, but not exclusively, ethnic Romanians)
2. repatriation of Germans, Hungarians and Poles
3. systematic repression, mass deportation and exterminations by the Soviet regime (again mainly, although not exclusively, directed against Romanians)
4. deportation of the Jewish population by the Romanian authorities to the Romanian and German run extermination camps.

In the first year of Soviet occupation, the population of the region decreased by more than 250,000. According to NKVD orders, tens of thousands of Romanian families were deported to Siberia during this period.[4], with 12,191 people deported on 2 August 1940, (less than a month after the occupation) [5], and another 2,057 persons, deported to Siberia in December 1940, together with their families [6]. The largest action took place on 13 June 1941, when about 13,000 people were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan. [7] The extermination camps is a loaded term which is used for the facilities established by Nazi Germany in World War II. Under the T4 euthanasia program the gas was used for the killing of the handicapped. ... The NKVD (Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del )(Russian: НКВД, Народный комиссариат внутренних дел) or Peoples Commisariat for Internal Affairs was a government department which handled a number of the Soviet Unions affairs of state. ... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ...

Until the repatriation convention^{[citation needed]} of 15 April 1941, the NKVD troops killed hundreds of Romanian peasants of the northern Bukovina as they tried to escape to Romania away from the Soviet authorities[8], which culminated on 1 April with the Fantana Alba massacre. April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... The NKVD (Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del )(Russian: НКВД, Народный комиссариат внутренних дел) or Peoples Commisariat for Internal Affairs was a government department which handled a number of the Soviet Unions affairs of state. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... ...

Almost the entire German population of northern Bukovina was forcebly resettled in 1940–1941 (Umsiedlung) to the Reichland, during 15 September – 15 November 1940. About 45,000 ethnic Germans had left Northern Bukovina by November 1940. ^[3] This figure, higher than the size of the German minority, included also a couple thousand Romanians, Ukrainian, etc, posing as Germans to flee the Soviet rule.^{[citation needed]} September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...

In July 1941, the new Romanian military government counted at least 36,000 missing persons. After the war the Soviet government deported or killed about 41,000 Romanians. [9] Soviet redirects here. ...

Almost the entire Jewish community of the northern Bukovina was destroyed by the deportations to the death camps (see Bogdanovka) over the Dniester River. Despite his promise that he would treat Jews from territories not occupied by the Soviets differently, Romanian leader Ion Antonescu ordered deportation of Jews also from Suceava county. Consequently, in 1941 and 1942, 21,229 Jews from southern Bukovina were deported.^{[citation needed]} This article is becoming very long. ... After a brief period of nominal neutrality, Romania joined the Axis Powers in June 1941, under the government of Ion Antonescu. ... Majdanek - crematorium Extermination camp (German Vernichtungslager) was the term applied to a group of camps set up by Nazi Germany during World War II for the express purpose of killing the Jews of Europe, although members of some other groups whom the Nazis wished to exterminate, such as Roma (Gypsies... Bogdanovka was an extermination camp for Jews that was established by the Romanians during World War II as part of the Holocaust. ... The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... Office Prime Minister, Conducător of Romania Term of office from September 4, 1940 until August 23, 1944 Profession Soldier, politician Political party none, formally allied with the Iron Guard Spouse Rasela Mendel Date of birth June 15, 1882 Place of birth PiteÅŸti, Romania Date of death June 1... County Suceava County Status County capital Mayor Ion Lungu, National Liberal Party, since 2004 Population (2002) 105,865 Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ...

After the war

In 1944 the Red Army drove the Axis forces out and re-established the Soviet control over the territory. Romania was forced to formally cede the northern part of Bukovina to the USSR by the 1947 Paris peace treaty. The territory became part of the Ukrainian SSR as Chernivtsi Oblast (province). After the war, the Soviet government deported or killed about 41,000 Romanians.^{[citation needed]} As a result of killings and mass deportations, entire villages, mostly inhabited by Romanians, were abandoned (Albovat, Frunza, I.G.Duca, Buci — completely erased, Prisaca, Tanteni and Vicov — destroyed to a large extent).^[4] Men of military age (and sometimes above) were conscripted into the Soviet Army. That did not protect them, however, from being arrested and deported for being "anti-Soviet elements". The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... The Axis Powers is a term for the loose alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan. ... This page is about the partial formal conclusion of World War II. For other Paris peace treaties see article Treaty of Paris. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Administrative center Chernivtsi Governor Volodymyr Kalish (?) Oblast council  - Chairperson  - Council seats ? (?) ? Subdivisions  - Raions  - Cities of oblast subordinance  - Cities   -Towns  - Villages 11 2 11 8 398 Area Total  - Land  - Water (% of total)  Ranked 24th 8,097 km² ? km² ? km² (?%) Population  - Total (2006)  - Density  - Annual Growth Ranked ? 904,423 113/km² ?% Average... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

As a reaction, partisan groups (composed of both Romanians and Ukrainians) began to operate against the Soviets in the woods around Cernăuţi, Crasna and Codrii Cosminului. ^[5] In Crasna (in the former Storozhynets county) villagers attacked Soviet soldiers who were sent to "temporarily resettle" them, since they feared deportation. This resulted in dead and wounded among the villagers, who had no firearms. Chernivtsi (Ukrainian: ; Romanian: CernăuÅ£i; German: Czernowitz or Tschernowitz; Polish: Czerniowce; Hungarian: Csernovic; Yiddish: Tshernovits; Russian: , Chernovtsy) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine, capital of the Chernivtsi Oblast. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Spring 1945 saw the formation of transports of Polish repatriates who (voluntarily or by coercion) had decided to leave. Between March 1945 and July 1946, 10,490 inhabitants left northern Bukovina for Poland, including 8,140 Poles, 2,041 Jews and 309 of other nationalities.

Overall, between 1930 (last Romanian census) and 1959 (first Soviet census), the population of northern Bukovina decreased by 31,521 people. According to official data from those two censuses, the Romanian population had decreased by 75,752 people, and the Jewish population by 46,632, while the Ukrainian and Russian populations increased by 135,161 and 4,322 people, respectively.

After 1944, the human and economic connections between the northern (Soviet) and southern (Romanian) parts of Bukovina were severed. While the northern part is the nucleus of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast, the southern part is tightly integrated with Romanian historic regions. Administrative center Chernivtsi Governor Volodymyr Kalish (?) Oblast council  - Chairperson  - Council seats ? (?) ? Subdivisions  - Raions  - Cities of oblast subordinance  - Cities   -Towns  - Villages 11 2 11 8 398 Area Total  - Land  - Water (% of total)  Ranked 24th 8,097 km² ? km² ? km² (?%) Population  - Total (2006)  - Density  - Annual Growth Ranked ? 904,423 113/km² ?% Average...

Ethnic divisions in modern Bukovina with Ukrainians, Romanians and Russians areas depicted in light yellow, green, and red respectively. The Moldovans, counted separately in the Ukrainian census are included in this map as Romanians.

Image File history File links Bucovethn. ... Image File history File links Bucovethn. ... The first Ukrainian Census after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last All-Union census in 1989. ...

Current population

The present demographic situation in Bukovina hardly resembles the one of the times of the Austrian Empire. The Northern (Ukrainian) and Southern (Romanian) parts became significantly dominated by their Ukrainian and Romanian majorities, respectively, with the representation of other ethnic groups being decreased significantly. Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ...

According to the Ukrainian Census (2001) data [10], the Ukrainians represent about 75% (689,100) of the population of Chernivtsi Oblast, which is the closest, although not an exact, approximation of the territory of the historic Northern Bukovina. The census also identified a fall in the Romanian and Moldovan populations to 12.5% (114.6 thousand) and 7.3% (67.2 thousand), respectively. Russians are the next largest ethnic group with 4.1%, while Poles, Belarusians, and Jews comprise the rest 1.2%. The languages of the population closely reflect the ethnic composition, with over 90% within each of the major ethnic groups declaring their national language as the mother tongue (Ukrainian, Romanian, and Russian, respectively). The first Ukrainian Census after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last All-Union census in 1989. ... Administrative center Chernivtsi Governor Volodymyr Kalish (?) Oblast council  - Chairperson  - Council seats ? (?) ? Subdivisions  - Raions  - Cities of oblast subordinance  - Cities   -Towns  - Villages 11 2 11 8 398 Area Total  - Land  - Water (% of total)  Ranked 24th 8,097 km² ? km² ? km² (?%) Population  - Total (2006)  - Density  - Annual Growth Ranked ? 904,423 113/km² ?% Average...

The census respondents were free to claim their ethnicity as they wished, not to respond to any particular census question, or not answer any questions at all. Some have chosen to claim to be Rusyns or Hutsuls, which are ethnic groups that were not previously recognized. The choice of the ethnicity could not have been affected by the census forms themselves as the answer to the ethnical group question was to be written in rather than selected from the set of pre-determined options. However, the fact that Romanians and Moldovans were presented as separate categories in the census results, has been criticized by the Romanian Community of Ukraine - Interregional Union, which complains that this old Soviet-era practice, results in the Romanian population being undercounted, as being divided between Romanians and Moldovans. Rusyns, also called Ruthenians, Ruthenes, Rusins, Carpatho-Rusins, and Russniaks, are a modern group of ethnic groups that speak the Rusyn language and are descended from the minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt a Ukrainian national identity and become Ukrainians in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. ... Hutsuls (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул, Romanian: Huţuli, singular Huţul, Hutsul dialect: Hutsule, singular Hutsul; alternatively spelled as Huculs, Huzuls, Hutzuls, Gutsuls, Guculs, Guzuls, or Gutzuls ) are highlanders who for centuries have inhabited the Carpathian mountains, mainly in Ukraine, but also in the northern extremity of Romania, as well as in... Soviet redirects here. ...

A compact Romanian majority inhabits the southern part of Chernivtsi region, in Hertsa, Novoselitsa, Hlyboka, and Storozhinets raions (districts). In Putyla and Vyzhnytsia raions Hutzuls form the majority. In the other five districts, and the city of Chernivtsi, non-Hutzul Ukrainians are in the majority. Hertsaivskyi Raion (Ukrainian: , Romanian: Raionul HerÅ£a) is an administrative district (raion) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in south-western Ukraine, on the Romanian border. ... Novoselytskyi Raion (Ukrainian: ) is a raion (administrative district) in Chernivtsi Oblast, (province) in the west of Ukraine. ... Hlybotskyi Raion (Ukrainian: ) is an administrative district of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine. ... Storozhynetskyi Raion (Ukrainian: ) is a raion (administrative district) in Chernivtsi Oblast, (province) in the west of Ukraine, administrative center: Storozhynets. ... A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: ; Belarusian раён; Azeri: rayon, Latvian: rajons, Georgian: , raioni) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. ... Hutsuls or Huculs (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул) are a group of Ukrainian highlanders, considered a subgroup of Rusyns by some references. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Chernivtsi highlighted. ...

The southern, or Romanian Bukovina has a significant Romanian majority (97.5%), largest minority group being the Ukrainians, who make up 1.2% of the population (2002 census). The Romanian 2002 census was subject to a criticism of undercounting of ethnic minorities in Romania brought up by the Ukrainian communities inside and outside Romania. ^{[citation needed]}

Cities and towns

Northern Bukovina

• Berehomet (Romanian: Berhomete pe Siret)
• Boyany (Romanian: Boian)
• Chernavka (Romanian: Cernauca)
• Chernivtsi (Romanian: Cernăuţi)
• Hlyboka (Romanian: Adâncata)
• Kitsman (Romanian: Cozmeni; German: Kotzman)
• Krasnoilsk (Romanian: Crasna)
• Luzhany (Romanian: Lujeni)
• Nepolokivtsi (Romanian: Nepolocăuţi/Grigore-Ghica Vodă)
• Novoselytsia (Romanian: Suliţa-Târg/Suliţa Nouă/Nouă Suliţi)
• Putyla (Romanian: Putila)
• Sadhora (Romanian: Sădăgura; Polish: Sadagóra)
• Storozhynets (Romanian: Storojineţ)
• Vashkivtsi (Romanian: Văşcăuţi; German: Waschkautz)
• Vyzhnytsia (Romanian: Vijniţa; German: Wiznitz)
• Zastavna (Romanian: Zastavna)

Boyany (Ukrainian: , Romanian: Boian) is a village in the Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Chornivka (Ukrainian: , Romanian: Cernăuca) is a village in the Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Chernivtsi highlighted. ... Hlyboka district is one of the districts of Chernivtsi region. ... Kitsman (Ukrainian: , translit. ... Krasnoyilsk (Ukrainian: , Romanian: ) is an urban-type settlement in the Storozhynetskyi Raion (district), of the Chernivtsi Oblast in the west of Ukraine. ... Novoselytsia (Ukrainian: , Romanian: Suliţa Nouă) is a city in Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Sadhora (Ukrainian: ; Polish: ; Romanian: ) is now a microraion of Chernivtsi city, which is located 6km from the city center. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Vashkivtsi (Ukrainian: , Romanian: Văşcăuţi, German: Waschkautz) is a city in Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Hager, the Viznitzer Rebbe of Bnei Brak and Rabbi Mordechai Hager,the Viznitzer Rebbe of Monsey dancing. ... Zastavna (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ...

Southern Bukovina

• Broşteni (Ukrainian: Броштяни)
• Cajvana (Ukrainian: Кажване)
• Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Ukrainian: Кимпулунґ; historic Довгопілля)
• Dolhasca (Ukrainian: Долгаска)
• Frasin (Ukrainian: Фрасин)
• Fălticeni (Ukrainian: Фалтичани)
• Gura Humorului (Ukrainian: Ґура-Гумора)
• Liteni (Ukrainian: Литяни)
• Milişăuţi (Ukrainian: Милишівці)
• Rădăuţi (Ukrainian: Радівці; German: Radautz)
• Salcea (Ukrainian: Сальча)
• Siret (Ukrainian: Сирет)
• Solca (Ukrainian: Солька)
• Suceava (Ukrainian: Сучава; historic Сочава)
• Vatra Dornei (Ukrainian: Ватра Дорни)
• Vicovu de Sus (Ukrainian: Верхнє Викове)

Cajvana is an island of prosperity in Southern Bukovina. ... Câmpulung Moldovenesc is a town located in Suceava county, which is in the historical Bucovina region of Moldavia in North Eastern Romania. ... Dolhasca is a town in southeastern Bukovina, in Suceava County, Romania. ... County Suceava County Status Municipality Mayor Vasile Tofan, since 2004 Area 28. ... Romanian Bukovina(Polish language) Gura Humorului (German:Gura Humora) is a town located in northern Romania, Suceava County in southern Bukovina (47°33 25°54). It was formerly in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was a Jewish shtetl. ... County Suceava County Status Municipality Mayor Mihai Frunză, since 2000 Area  km² Population (2002) 27,759 Density  inh/km² Geographical coordinates , Web site http://www. ... Salcea is a town in Suceava County, Bukovina, Romania, with a population of 9,269. ... The Siret River is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of the Ukraine, flows southward into Romania for 470 km before it joins Danube. ... Solca is a town in Suceava County, Bukovina, Romania, with a population of 4,687. ... County Suceava County Status County capital Mayor Ion Lungu, National Liberal Party, since 2004 Population (2002) 105,865 Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... Vatra Dornei is a well known ski resort in the north of Romania. ... Vicovu de Sus is a village in the northern part of Moldavia, Bucovina, bought by Åžtefan cel Mare for Putna Monastery in the year 1466. ...

Footnotes

References

Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:

Bukovina

• edited by O. Derhachov (1996). Українська державність у ХХ столітті. (Ukrainian statehood of the twentieth century) (in Ukrainian). Politychna Dumka.
• [11] (original version, in German - use English and French versions with caution)
• WorldStatesmen (under Ukraine)
• Dumitru Covălciuc. Românii nord-bucovineni în exilul totalitarismului sovietic
• Victor Bârsan "Masacrul inocenţilor", Bucuresti, 1993, pp.18–19
• Ştefan Purici. Represiunile sovietice... P. 255–258;
• Vasile Ilica. Fântâna Albă: O mărturie de sânge (istorie, amintiri, mărturii). - Oradea: Editura Imprimeriei de Vest, 1999.
• Marian Olaru. Consideraţii preliminare despre demografie si geopolitica pe teritoriul Bucovinei. Analele Bucovinei. Tomul VIII. Partea I. Bucuresti: Editura Academiei Române, 2001
• Ţara fagilor: Almanah cultural-literar al românilor nord-bucovineni. Cernăuţi-Târgu-Mureş, 1994
• Aniţa Nandris-Cudla. Amintiri din viaţă. 20 de ani în Siberia. Humanitas, Bucharest, 2006 (second edition), (in Romanian) ISBN 973-50-1159-X
• The Bukovina Society of the Americas

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...

See also

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

La Bucovina (Mihai Eminescu original poem in Romanian)

• Moldavian Principality
• Galicia (Central Europe)
• Székelys of Bukovina

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... Migrations of the Székelys The Székelys of Bukovina are a minor Hungarian ethnic group with a special history. ...

External links

• (English) Bukovina, in Encyclopædia Britannica
• (English) Bukovina Society of the Americas
• (English)/(Romanian) The Metropolitanate of Moldavia and Bukovina (Romanian Orthodox Church)
• (English)/(Ukrainian) Ukrainian Census
• (Romanian) Soviet Ultimatum Notes (University of Bucharest site)
• (Romanian) Romanian Bucovina's Association for Tourism
• (English)/(Ukrainian) Chernivtsy city sport and tourism
• (English) Ukrainians in Bukovina (map)
• (Romanian) detailed article about WWII and aftermath
• (English) Short movie about the romanian culture in Bukovina
• (English) http://radautz-jewisheritage.org
• (Czech) Present and past of a lovely small Czech village Bukovina u Ciste

v • d • e

Romanian historical regions

Dobruja (Northern Dobruja)• Moldavia (Bessarabia • Budjak • Bukovina • Hertza) • Transylvania (Banat • Crişana • Maramureş) • Wallachia (Muntenia • Oltenia) The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general encyclopedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... Dobruja, or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Добруджа—transliterated Dobrudzha—in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish), is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. ... Map of Romania with Northern Dobruja highlighted Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea in Romanian; Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha in Bulgarian) is the part of Dobruja that is part of Romania. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, Бесарабія in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ethnic divisions in Chernivtsi Oblast with Hertza region highlighted in yellow and surrounding areas inhabited by Romanian-speakers Hertza region (Romanian: Å¢inutul HerÅ£a) is the territory of an administrative district (raion) of Hertsa (HerÅ£a) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in south-western Ukraine, on the Romanian... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: / Transilvanija or Ердељ / Erdelj) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... Banat (Romanian: Banat; Serbian: Банат or Banat; German: Banat; Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság; Slovak: Banát) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe divided among three countries: the eastern part belongs to Romania (the counties of TimiÅŸ, CaraÅŸ-Severin, Arad, and MehedinÅ£i), the western... CriÅŸana is a region of west Romania, near the border with Hungary, named after the three CriÅŸ rivers that flow through it. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Map of Romania with Muntenia highlighted Muntenia or Greater Wallachia is a historical province of Romania, usually considered Wallachia-proper (Muntenia, Å¢ara Românească, and the seldomly used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). ... Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia is a historical province of Romania. ...

Ukrainian historical regions (map)

Kievan Rus' Principalities: Kiev • Chernihiv • Halych • Volhynia • Red Ruthenia • Pereyaslav Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Kievan Rus′ was the early, mostly East Slavic [1] state dominated by the city of Kiev from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... Chernihiv Principality is one of the largest and strongest state formations of Kievan Rus in 11th-13th century. ... Jackdaw on the coat-of-arms of Galicia alludes to the name of Halych Halych (Russian and Ukrainian: ) is a historic town in Western Ukraine on the Dniester River. ... Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of Volhynia Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ... Red Ruthenia (Old Slavonic, Russian and Ukrainian: Chervona Rus, Polish: RuÅ› Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I. // History Originally it was related to a certain territory between... Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi or Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy (Ukrainian: , Pereiaslav-Khmel′nyts′kyi) is a town by the Trubezh River in Ukraines Kiev Oblast, south of Kiev. ...

Medeival Epoch: Red Ruthenia • Halych-Volhynia • Bełz Voivodeship • Bracław Voivodeship • Czernihów Voivodeship • Kijów Voivodeship • Podole Voivodeship • Ruthenian Voivodeship The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Red Ruthenia (Old Slavonic, Russian and Ukrainian: Chervona Rus, Polish: RuÅ› Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I. // History Originally it was related to a certain territory between... Halych-Volhynia, or Halych-Volodymyr, was a large state in Ruthenia (Rus ) which existed in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... BeÅ‚z Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo BeÅ‚skie, Latin: Palatinatus Belzensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795. ... The BracÅ‚aw Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo BracÅ‚awskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 14th century till 1569 and of the Kingdom of Poland since 1569 till 1793/1795. ... Czernihów Voivodeship Czernihów Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Czernihowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1635 until the partitions of Poland in 1772/1795. ... Województwo Kijowskie coat of arms The Kijów (Kiev) Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Kijowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 14th century until 1569 and of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793/1795. ... Podole Voivodeship The Podole Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Podolskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland, since the 14th century till 1793/1795. ... Ruthenia Voivodeship (Polish: województwo ruskie; 1366-1772) was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland [1320–1385], Kingdom of Poland [1385–1569], and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1791). ...

Cossack Epoch: Cossack Hetmanate • Right-bank Ukraine • Left-bank Ukraine • Sloboda Ukraine • Zaporozhian Sich • Dnieper Ukraine • Little Russia This article needs cleanup. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey. ... Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Правобережна Україна Russian: Правобережная Украина; Polish: Prawobrzeżna Ukraina), a... Left-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Лівобережна Україна Russian: Левобережная Украина, Polish: Lewobrzeżna Ukraina ): historic name of... Sloboda Ukraine (Russian: Слободская Украина) or Slobozhanshchina (Слобожанщина) was a historical region (17th–18th centuries) on the frontier of Muscovy and Imperial Russia... Zaporizhian Sich or Zaporozhian Sech (Ukrainian: ,Zaporozka Sich) original Slavonic name Zaporizhska Sich was the center of the Cossacks of Zaporizhzhia. ... Dnieper Ukraine (Ukrainian: ), was the territory of Ukraine in the Russian Empire (Little Russia), roughly corresponding to the current territory of Ukraine, with the exceptions of Crimea (made part of Soviet Ukraine in 1954) and Galicia, which was a province of the Austrian Empire. ... Little Russia or Malorossiya (Russian: ) was the name for the territory of Ukraine applied in the time of the Russian Empire and earlier. ...

Russian Imperial Guberniyas: Volyn • Podolia • Kiev • Poltava • Bessarabia • Chernigov • Kharkov • Taurida • Yekaterinoslav • Kherson Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1924) Area Approx. ... Guberniya (Russian: ) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as governorate or province. ... Podolia Governorate was a governorate (guberniya) of Russia from 1793-1917. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish, Бесарабія in Ukrainian) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... An old map showing the Chernigov Governorate. ... Taurida Governorate (Russian: , Ukrainian: , Crimean Tatar: ) was a historical governorate of Russia that is now part of Ukraine. ... The Yekaterinoslav Governorate (Russian: ; translit. ... The Kherson Governorate (Russian: , translit. ...

Austro-Hungarian provinces: Galicia • Bukovina • Carpathian Ruthenia Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Galicia (Ukrainian: Галичина (Halychyna), Polish: Galicja, German: Galizien, Slovak: Halič, Romanian: Galiţia, Hungarian: Gácsország) is the name of a region of Central Europe. ... Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpatska Rus ) or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was part of the Kingdom of Hungary (since 1526 under Habsburg rule). ...

20th century: Ukrainian SSR • Moldavian ASSR • Drohobych Oblast • Izmail Oblast • Crimean Oblast • Lwów Voivodeship • Tarnopol Voivodeship • Volhynian Voivodeship • Stanisławów Voivodeship • Carpatho-Ukraine • Reichskommissariat Ukraine • Distrikt Galizien (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Republic; Romanian: Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous region of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing Transnistria (now in Moldova) and parts which are now in Ukraine. ... Drohobych Oblast (Ukrainian: ), (December 4, 1939—June 21, 1959) was an oblast in the Ukrainian SSR. It had a territory of 9. ... It has been suggested that Akkerman Oblast be merged into this article or section. ... Lwow Voivodeship (Polish: ) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918-1939). ... Tarnopol Voivodeship Tarnopol Voivodeship bis 17 September 1939 A voivodeship of Poland 1920-1939 Capital: Tarnopol Main cities: Brody, Brzezany, Buczacz, Czortków, Zloczów Area: 16,500 km² Population: Totals 1,600,406 Poles 789,114 (49. ... Volhynian Voivodeship (Polish: Wojewodztwo Wolynskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918-1939) as well as of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... StanisÅ‚awów Voivodeship (Polish: ; Ukrainian: ) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918-1939). ... Carpatho-Ukraine (Ukrainian: ) was a short-lived Ukrainian state that formally existed for several days only in March 1939 in the easternmost part of Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia, or Transcarpathia), and had been an autonomous region within Czechoslovakia for several months before that. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Geographical: Nadbuzhia • Budzhak • Black Sea Ukraine • Donbas • Dniester Ukraine Podolia • Pokuttya • Pryazovya • New Russia • Polesia • Podniprovya • Porossia • Prydunavya • Prykarpattia • Porizhia Ukraine • Volhynia Geography (from the Greek words Ge (γη) or Gaea (γαια), both meaning Earth, and graphein (γραφειν) meaning to describe or to writeor to map) is the study of the Earths features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Donets Basin also known as Donbass or Donbas ( Russian: Донбасс from Donetskiy bassein) is a historical, economic and cultural region of Ukraine. ... The Dniester (Polish Dniestr, Ukrainian Дністер (Dnister), Romanian Nistru, Russian Днестр (Dnestr), Yiddish‫נעסטער ‬ (nester), Serbian (Dnjester) and during antiquity was called Tyras in Latin) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... Pokuttya or Pokuttia (Ukrainian: , Romanian: , Polish: ) is a historical area of Central Europe, between upper Prut and Cheremosh rivers, in modern Ukraine. ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... Novorossiya (Russian: , literally New Russia) is a historic area now mostly located in southern Ukraine, and partially in southern Russia. ... Polesie (Polish spelling; Polissya, Полісся in Ukrainian, Polesye, Полесье in Russian, Palyessye or Palesse, Пале́сьсе in Belarusian, formerly also Polesia in Latin) is one of the largest European swampy... Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of Volhynia Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ...

Ethno-Ukrainian regions abroad: Kholm • Lemkivshchyna • Mamorshchyna • Podlachia • Priashiv • Sian River Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... CheÅ‚m ( ; Ukrainian: , Kholm) is a town in eastern Poland with 72,595 inhabitants (2005). ... Lemkivshchyna, sometimes called Lemkovyna, Lemkivshchyna, or Łemkowszczyzna, is the land of the Lemkos (Lemki) includes the higher elevations of the Carpathians of modern-day Poland, extending to around the Poprad River to the west, and extending to the east as far as the region around Sanok, where it meets the... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Old chapel Krzna river Potockis Palace i MiÄ™dzyrzec Podlaski Podlachia, Podlesia, or Podlasie is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... PreÅ¡ov city centre Torysa riverbank in PreÅ¡ov Cathedral of PreÅ¡ov Neptune‘s fountain on the Hlavná Street in PreÅ¡ov PreÅ¡ov (Hungarian: Eperjes, German: Preschau or Eperies, Polish: Preszów, Rusyn: Пряшів /Пряшyв , Romany: Peryeshis) is a town in eastern Slovakia. ... Length of 433 km Basin area of 16 861 km2 Origin Carpathian Tributary of the Vistula Country Poland-Ukraine The San (Ukrainian: Сян, Sian). ...