? Bulbophyllum
Bulbophyllum echinolabium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Podochilaeae Subtribe: Bulbophyllinae Genus: Bulbophyllum Thouars, 1822
Species
List of Bulbophyllum species 1805 species, including: Bulb. barbigerum (Bearded Bulbophylllum) Bulb. beccarii Bulb. crassulifolium (Wheat-leaved Bulbophyllum) Bulb. falcatum Bulb. flaviflorum (Golden comb orchid) Bulb. globuliforme Bulb. macphersonii Bulb. macraei (Wu-lai cirrous orchid) Bulb. makayanum (Daisy orchid) Bulb. medusae Bulb. pachyrhachis (Rattail orchid) Bulb. purpurea (Lizard orchid) Bulb. retusiusculum (Yellow comb orchid) Bulb. transarisanense (Lily orchid)

Bulbophyllum is the largest genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae. With 1805 species, it is also one of the largest genera in the entire plant kingdom, exceeded only by Senecio and Euphorbia. This genus is abbreviated in the trade journals as Bulb. Bulbophyllum echinolabium (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Orders Base Monocots: Acorus Alismatales Asparagales Dioscoreales Liliales Pandanales Family Petrosaviaceae Commelinids: Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales Family Dasypogonaceae The Monocotyledons or monocots are an extremely important group of flowering plants, dominating great parts of the earth and with many economically important plants. ... Families according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Agapanthus Agavaceae Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae Aphyllanthaceae Asparagaceae Asphodelaceae Asteliaceae Blandfordiaceae Boryaceae Doryanthaceae Hemerocallidaceae Hyacinthaceae Hypoxidaceae Iridaceae Ixioliriaceae Lanariaceae Laxmanniaceae Orchidaceae Ruscaceae Tecophilaeaceae Themidaceae Xanthorrhoea Xeronema Asparagales is an order of monocots which includes a number of families of non-woody plants. ... Subfamilies Apostasioideae Cypripedioideae Epidendroideae Orchidoideae Vanilloideae For genera, see list of Orchidaceae genera. ... Tribes See text The Epidendroideae, or epidendroid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Angraecum crassum, a drawing of this orchid by Thouars in his book Orch. ... Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822, is a large orchid genus that contains over 2000 epiphytic species from the orchid family Orchidaceae. ... Binomial name Bulbophyllum beccarii Rchb. ... Binomial name Bulbophyllum globuliforme The species Bulbophyllum globuliforme is an epiphyte and grows in subtropical rainforest in Australias northeast in a variety of habitats including warm temperate rainforest, dry rainforest and wet sclerophyll forests. ... Subfamilies Apostasioideae Cypripedioideae Epidendroideae Orchidoideae Vanilloideae For genera, see list of Orchidaceae genera. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Species See text The Genus Senecio of the daisy family (Family Asteraceae) includes ragworts and groundsels. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

This genus was first described by Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (botanical abbreviation Thouars) in his book "Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar", describing 17 Bulbophyllum species. There are now more than 2,800 records (accepted names and synonyms) for this genus. This large number and the great variety of its forms make this genus a real nightmare for a taxonomist : a 120 sections and subgenera have been listed. Some of these may deserve a generic status. Several species have ten synonyms ! Up to now a general review of this genus is lacking. But as Carlyle A. Luer of Missouri Botanical Garden disentangled the similar chaos in the Pleurothallidinae, so we may expect that a phylogenetic study of this genus will gain us a better insight in this large genus. Angraecum crassum, a drawing of this orchid by Thouars in his book Orch. ... Categories: US geography stubs | Botanical gardens | Missouri landmarks | Saint Louis, Missouri ... The Pleurothallidinae are a sub-tribe of plants of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... A phylogeny (or phylogenesis) is the origin and evolution of a set of organisms, usually of a species. ...

The scientific name has been derived from the Latin word bulbus (bulb-like) and the Greek word phyllon (leaf), referring to the pseudobulbs on top of which the leaf is growing. The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes. ...

The center of diversity is in the montane forests of Papua New Guinea (more than 600 species) which seems to be the evolutionary homeland, though the genus is pantropical and widespread occurring in Australia, Southeast Asia with over 200 species in Borneo), Africa Madagascar (with 135 species, some endemic) and in tropical central and South America. A speculative phylogenetic tree of all living things, based on rRNA gene data, showing the separation of the three domains, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Borneo and Sulawesi Borneo (politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) is the third largest island in the world. ... A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

The general characteristics for this genus are : single-noded pseudobulbs, the basal inflorescence and the mobile lip.

This genus covers an incredible range of vegetative forms, from tall plants with cane-like stems, to root climbers that wind or creep their way up tree trunks. Other members are pendulous epiphytes (growing on other plants), and quite a number that have developed succulent foliage to a greater or lesser degree. Some species are lithophytic. One species has almost become leafless and uses its pseudobulbs as the organs of photosynthesis. An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting The term epiphyte refers to any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes. ... Leaf. ...

These orchids with a sympodial growth have rhizomatous stems with often angled pseudobulbs. The thin to leathery leaves are folded lengthwise. Orchids with sympodial growth have a specialized lateral growth pattern in which the terminal bud dies. ... Ginger rhizome In botany, a rhizome is a usually-underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ... The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes. ...

The erect to pendent inflorescence arises laterally from the base of the pseudobulb. The flower form has a basic structural blueprint that serves to identify this genus. But this form can be very diverse : compound or single, with few to many flowers, with the resupinate flowers arranged spirally or in two vertical ranks. The sepals and the petals can also be very varied : straight or turned down, without footstalk or with a long claw at the base. They are often hairy of callous. There are two to four hard and waxy pollinia with stipes present or absent. The fruits are beakless capsules. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ... A petal is one member or part of the corolla of a flower. ... Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains. ... In botany, a stipe is a stem type of structure. ...

Some species are known for their extremes of vegetive and floral form:

• Bulbophyllum beccarii
• Bulbophyllum barbigerum
• Bulbophyllum falcatum
• Bulbophyllum globuliforme
• Bulbophyllum macphersonii
• Bulbophyllum medusae

New species are being discovered every year, such as Binomial name Bulbophyllum beccarii Rchb. ... Binomial name Bulbophyllum globuliforme The species Bulbophyllum globuliforme is an epiphyte and grows in subtropical rainforest in Australias northeast in a variety of habitats including warm temperate rainforest, dry rainforest and wet sclerophyll forests. ...

• Bulbophyllum ciluliae Bianch. & J.A.N.Bat., Sitientibus 2004
• Bulbophyllum orezii Sath.Kumar 2004

There is one intergeneric hybrid : Triasphyllum (abbr.: Tphm.) (Bulbophyllum x Trias)

Since Bulbophyllum was described for the first time by Thouars, many synonyms have been given to this genus :

• Anisopetalum Hkr. 1825.
• Bolbophyllaria Rchb.f 1852.
• Bolbophyllum Spreng. 1826.
• Cochlia Bl. 1825.
• Didactyle Lindley 1852.
• Diphyes Bl. 1825.
• Ephippium Blume 1825.
• Epicranthes Bl. 1825.
• Epicrianthes Bl. 1828.
• Gersinia Neraud. 1826.
• Henosis Hkr.f 1890.
• Katherinea A. D. Hawkes 1956.
• Lyraea Lindl. 1830.
• Macrolepis A. Rich. 1834.
• Malachadenia Lindley 1839.
• Megaclinium Lindley 1826.
• Odontostyles Breda 1827.
• Osyricera Bl. 1825.
• Oxysepala Wight 1851.
• Phyllorchis Thou. 1822.
• Sarcopodium Lindley & Paxton 1850.
• Sestochilos Breda 1828.
• Sunipia Lindley 1826.
• Taurostalix Rchb.f. 1852.
• Tribrachia Lindley 1824.
• Xiphizusa Rchb.f 1852.
• Zygoglossum Reinw. 1826 [1828].

Gallery

Bulbophyllum falcatum Bulbophyllum falcatum (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Bulbophyllum lepidum Bulbophyllum lepidum (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Bulbophyllum putidum Bulbophyllum putidum (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Bulbophyllum pectenveneris Bulbophyllum pectenveneris (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Reference

• J.J. Vermeulen : Orchid Monographs Vol. 7 (1993) , A taxonomic revision of Bulbophyllum, sections Adelopetalum, Lepanthanthe, Macrouris, Pelma, Peltopus, and Uncifera (Orchidaceae). iv + 324 pp., 25 text-figs. + 116 full-page line drawings, 6 pp. colour plates. ISBN 90-71236-17-X
• Siegerist E.S.: - Bulbophyllums and their allies - devoted solely to Bulbophyllums, it is an introductory guide for amateur and advanced orchid growers. Pub. 2001, 77 colour photos, 296 pp ISBN: 0-88-192506-3

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Category:Bulbophyllum

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

External link

• Bulbophyllum page