Bulloidea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Orthogastropoda Superorder: Heterobranchia Order: Opisthobranchia Suborder: Cephalaspidea Superfamily: Bulloidea (Lamarck, 1801) Family: Bullidae (Lamarck, 1801) Genus: Bulla Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Animalia redirects here. ... Classes Caudofoveata Aplacophora Polyplacophora Monoplacophora Bivalvia Scaphopoda Gastropoda Cephalopoda † Rostroconchia † Helcionelloida † ?Bellerophontidae The molluscs (British spelling) or mollusks (American spelling) are the large and diverse phylum Mollusca, which includes a variety of familiar animals well-known for their decorative shells or as seafood. ... Subclasses Eogastropoda (True Limpets and relatives) Orthogastropoda The gastropods, gasteropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 known living species comprising the snails and slugs as well as a vast number of marine and freshwater species. ... Infraclasses Apogastropoda Cocculiniformia Murchisoniina Neritopsina Vetigastropoda In their work, which has become a standard reference in the field, Ponder and Lindberg (1997) showed that the Orthogastropoda is one of two subclasses of the Gastropoda the class of molluscs, the other subclass being the Eogastropoda. ... Orders Heterostropha Opisthobranchia Pulmonata This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Suborders Cephalaspidea Sacoglossa Anaspidea Notaspidea Thecosomata Gymnosomata Nudibranchia   Infraorder Anthobranchia   Infraorder Cladobranchia For information on the anti-aircraft weapons system, see Sea Slug missile In zoology, the Opisthobranchia (Milne Edwards, 1848) (also known as opisthobranchs) used to be a subclass of gastropods, within the phylum Mollusca, but they are now... Superfamilies Acteonoidea Bulloidea Cylindrobulloidea Diaphanoidea Haminoeoidea Philinoidea Ringiculoidea The suborder Cephalaspidea or the headshield slugs is a suborder of mollusks from the order Opisthobranchia. ... Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. ... Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...

Bulla is a genus of gastropod molluscs, the only member of the family Bullidae which is the only member of the superfamily Bulloidea. The genus consists of herbivorous marine snails belonging to the headshield slugs of the suborder Cephalaspidea and the order Opisthobranchia. Subclass Subclass Eogastropoda     Patellogastropoda Subclass Orthogastropoda   Superorder Cocculiniformia   Superorder Hot Vent Taxa     Neomphaolida   Superorder Vetigastropoda   Superorder Neritaemorphi     Neritopsina   Superorder Caenogastropoda     Architaenioglossa     Sorbeoconcha   Superorder Heterobranchia     Heterostropha     Opisthobranchia     Pulmonata The gastropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 species, and second largest class... Classes Caudofoveata Aplacophora Polyplacophora - Chitons Monoplacophora Bivalvia - Bivalves Scaphopoda - Tusk shells Gastropoda - Snails and Slugs Cephalopoda - Squids, Octopuses, etc. ... In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ... In biology, a superfamily is a taxonomic grade intermediate between suborder and family. ... In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plants (rather than meat). ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Superfamilies Acteonoidea Bulloidea Cylindrobulloidea Diaphanoidea Haminoeoidea Philinoidea Ringiculoidea The suborder Cephalaspidea or the headshield slugs is a suborder of mollusks from the order Opisthobranchia. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Suborders Cephalaspidea Sacoglossa Anaspidea Notaspidea Thecosomata Gymnosomata Nudibranchia   Infraorder Anthobranchia   Infraorder Cladobranchia For information on the anti-aircraft weapons system, see Sea Slug missile In zoology, the Opisthobranchia (Milne Edwards, 1848) (also known as opisthobranchs) used to be a subclass of gastropods, within the phylum Mollusca, but they are now...

They have large, ovate external shells that offer enough cover to accommodate the whole snail when retracting. All species have rather similar shaped shells. The shells have a deep, narrow umbilicus at the apex. There is no operculum. They have a soft radula. The operculum (plural : opercula or operculums) of gastropods is a corneous plate at the opening of the shell, attached dorsally to the foot. ... Radula is the scientific name for the toothed chitinous ribbon in the mouth of gastropods. ...

The gizzard is rather different from other herbivorous groups. It has three large corneous crushing plates and ancillary corneous spines, instead of just grinding plates. The crawling snails show prominent, frilled or lobed parapodia.

The snails are nocturnal and can be found on shallow, sandy coasts grazing among sea grasses, feeding primarily on green algae, burying themselves in mud when the tide is out. Because of their nocturnal habits, they are hard to find. The nudibranch Navannax inermis is a known predator of sea slugs and especially Bulla gouldiana.

Fuller treatment at Cephalaspidea. Superfamilies Acteonoidea Bulloidea Cylindrobulloidea Diaphanoidea Haminoeoidea Philinoidea Ringiculoidea The suborder Cephalaspidea or the headshield slugs is a suborder of mollusks from the order Opisthobranchia. ...

The smooth shell is ovate and expanded, with a deep, sunken involute top. Since there is little difference between the shells and in the morphology of the radular teeth, there is some uncertainty about the exact taxonomy of the species in Bulla. Radula is the scientific name for the toothed chitinous ribbon in the mouth of gastropods. ...

This family seems to have evolved separately in an early stage of the evolutionary history of the opisthobranchs. Suborders Cephalaspidea Sacoglossa Anaspidea Notaspidea Thecosomata Gymnosomata Nudibranchia   Infraorder Anthobranchia   Infraorder Cladobranchia For information on the anti-aircraft weapons system, see Sea Slug missile In zoology, the Opisthobranchia (Milne Edwards, 1848) (also known as opisthobranchs) used to be a subclass of gastropods, within the phylum Mollusca, but they are now...

Bulla, Haminoea and Smaragdinella form the well-defined monophyletic group (Bulloidea) according to the 1996 phylogenetic analysis of Paula M. Mikkelsen (Malacologia, 37(2): 375-442). But, according to Dr. Bill Rudman and others, differences in the alimentary canal and reproductive system, still put Haminoea and Smaragdinella into the separate superfamily Haminoeidea. It has been suggested that Clade be merged into this article or section. ... In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ...

Species

• Bulla abyssicola Dall, 1881 (junior synonym of Bulla pinguicula)
• Bulla adansoni R. A. Philippi, 1847
  • Distribution : West Africa, Gabon, Cape Verde
  • Length : 15 mm
• Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 Pacific bulla, ampulle bulla
  • Distribution : on sandy sublittoral bottoms of warmer seas, tropical Indo-Pacific, Sri Lanka, Philippines
  • Length : 60 mm (largest shell of the Cephalaspidea)
  • Description : This is the common Bulla in tropical Indo-Pacific; globose, inflated, moderately solid body whorl. The white aperture is as long as the rest of the shell.The rounded outer lip is extended posteriorly beyond the apex. Columella in a reversed ‘S’-shape, smooth and thinly callous. Cream-colored with blotches of dark, purple-brown.
• Bulla amygdala Dillwyn, 1817 (possibly a variant of Bulla striata)
  • Distribution : Canaries, East Atlantic, Mediterranean, Florida, Brazil
  • Length : 40 mm
• Bulla angasi H. A. Pilsbry, 1893 (most probably a color variant of Bulla ampulla)
  • Distribution : Australia
  • Length : 25 mm
  • Description : smooth, sturdy, cylindrical shell; color : dark brown
• Bulla bermudae Verrill and Bush, 1900
  • Distribution : Bermudas
  • Length : 3 mm
• Bulla biplicata A. Adams, 1850 (synonym of Acteocina bidentata (d'Orbigny, 1841))
  • Distribution : Japan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Florida, Caribbean, Brazil, Uruguay
  • Length : 4 mm
• Bulla botanica Ch. Hedley, 1918 (maybe synonym of Bulla quoyi) Australian true bubble, common true bubble
  • Distribution : Australia
  • Length : 32-55 mm
• Bulla clausa Dall, 1889 imperforate bubble
  • Distribution : Florida
  • Length : 12 mm
• Bulla cruentata A. Adams, 1850 shiny bubble
  • Distribution : Indian Ocean
• Bulla difficilis T. Habe, 1950
  • Distribution ; Japan
• Bulla eburnea Dall, 1881
  • Distribution : America, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida
  • Length : 7 mm
  • Description : found at depths up to 620 m
• Bulla gemma A. E. Verrill, 1880 jewel bubble
  • Distribution : New York
  • Length : 4.2 mm
• Bulla gouldiana Pilsbry, 1895 California bubble, Gould’s bubble, cloudy bubble
  • Distribution : Northwest America, California to Ecuador
  • Length : 30-64 mm
  • Description: semi-transparent head, mantle and foot are yellowish-brown with mottled pale-bluish dots; reddish to brown involute (= sunken) apex; the aperture is wide anteriorly, narrow posteriorly; their egg mass is yellow to orange tangled string of jelly, containing oval capsules. Each one contains up to 25 eggs, which develop into veliger larvae.
• Bulla indolens Dall, 1927
  • Distribution : Georgia
  • Length : 7.5 mm
  • Description : found at depths up to 800 m
• Bulla japonica T. Habe, 1976
  • Distribution : Japan
• Bulla krebsii Dall, 1889
  • Distribution : Guadeloupe
  • Length : 8 mm
  • Description : found at depths up to 1400 m
• Bulla mabillei E. A. A. Locard, 1896 (synonym of Bulla amygdala) Mabille’s bubble
  • Distribution : Turkey, Canaries, Madeira, Cape Verde, West Africa
  • Length : 33-52 mm
  • Description : larger than the other European species; difficult to obtain; color : yellowish-brown with dark bluish dots
• Bulla morgana Dall, 1908
  • Distribution : West America
• Bulla nebulosa J. Schroeter, 1804 (synonym of Bulla striata)
  • Distribution : Atlantic
• Bulla occidentalis A. Adams, 1850 (synonym of Bulla striata) common West Indian bubble
  • Distribution : Brazil, North Carolina to Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean.
  • Length : 25 mm
  • Description : thin, rotund, oval shell with a smooth, glazed surface; pale color with brown spots; involute (= sunken) apex; large body whorl; long aperture, wide anteriorly; white columella.
• Bulla orientalis T. Habe, 1941
  • Distribution : Indo Pacific
  • Description : brown punctuate marks on the shell
• Bulla pinguicula Seguenza, 1879
  • Distribution : Mediterranean, Florida, Caribbean, Azores, Mexico
  • Length : 12.8 mm
  • Description : found at depths up to 1170 m
• Bulla punctulata A. Adams In Sowerby, 1850
  • Distribution : Pacific, California, Mexico, Peru
  • Length : 30 mm
  • Description : the shell looks like the one of Bulla ampula, but is smaller and more cylindrical. Its color is cream, with clouding of brown or gray in two to four spiral bands, generally spotted with squarish chocolate dots, bordered to the right by white spots.
• Bulla quoyii Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843 brown bubble shell
  • Distribution : Indo Pacific, Australia, New Zealand
  • Length : 44 mm-60 mm
  • Description :The calcified shell has a gray-brown color, with blotches of various shades of brown; the snail has a bright honey-golden color. The hind extremities of the headshield have evolved into tentacles, directing the water over Hancock’s organ. The egg-mass is a jelly-like sphere, with the eggs in a spiral string. After the breeding period, there occurs a mass mortality of the animals, just like the sea hares.
• Bulla rufolabris A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850
  • Distribution : West America, Galapagos
  • Length : 10-15 mm
• Bulla solida Gmelin, 1791 solid bubble
  • Distribution : Mexico, Florida, Texas, Cuba, Colombia.
  • Length : 30-52 mm
  • Description : found at depths up to 25 m
• Bulla striata Bruguière, 1792 common Atlantic bubble, striate bubble
  • Distribution : Mediterranean, Morocco, Canaries, Azores, Atlantic Ocean, Florida
  • Length : 12-30 mm
  • Description : The shell is thin, delicate and rather narrow. The body whorl is oval and convex. The smooth elongated aperture narrows posteriorly, but is wide anteriorly. The columellar callus is rather small; The thin outer lip is incurved and extends a little beyond the apex; The color is brown-gray, with darker, smudged dots and dashes, spread unevenly over the surface. The surface is smooth, with some spiral grooves at the posterior end ans at the apical umbilicus. There is no operculum. The foot is well developed. There are no parapodia (fleshy winglike outgrowths). The broadened head has no tentacles. The gills and the osphradium are inside the mantle cavity. The radula has three laterals on each side of the central tooth.
• Bulla umbilicata Röding, 1798 (synonym of Bulla striata)
  • Distribution : Caribbean
  • Length : 17 mm
• Bulla vernicosa A. A. Gould, 1859 (most probably a color variant of Bulla ampulla)
  • Distribution : Indo Pacific, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Tonga
  • Length : 27-50 mm
  • Description : white-colored shell with lightbrown spots

William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines dOrbigny (September 6, 1802 - June 30, 1857) was a great French naturalist. ... William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... William Healey Dall, (August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927), was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist. ... Superfamilies Acteonoidea Bulloidea Cylindrobulloidea Diaphanoidea Haminoeoidea Philinoidea Ringiculoidea The suborder Cephalaspidea or the headshield slugs is a suborder of mollusks from the order Opisthobranchia. ... Families Superfamily Akeroidea Akeridae Superfamily Aplysioidea Aplysiidae Sea hares (also called sea slugs) are small marine gastropod molluscs of the suborder Anaspidea (P. Fisher, 1883) in the subclass Orthogastropoda, class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca. ... Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1749 or 1750 - 1798) was a French physician, zoologist and diplomat. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The operculum (plural : opercula or operculums) of gastropods is a corneous plate at the opening of the shell, attached dorsally to the foot. ... Radula is the scientific name for the toothed chitinous ribbon in the mouth of gastropods. ...

References

• Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 85467 054 8

Dr Arthur William Baden Powell CBE (4 April 1901 - 1 July 1987) was a New Zealand malacologist, naturalist and palaeontologist, a major influence in the study and classification of New Zealand molluscs through much of the twentieth century. ... HarperCollins is a publishing company owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ...

External links

• Picture of the California Bubble
• Picture of Bulla vernicosa