NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bunsen burner

A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment used for heating, sterilization, and combustion. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Download high resolution version (400x692, 24 KB)A simple bunsen burner with needle valve This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... A needle valve is a type of valve usually used in flow metering applications. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 â€“ August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... A hot plate is a small electric stove often used in a laboratory setting to heat glassware. ... A heating mantle is a variety of laboratory equipment for applying heat to containers, as an alternative to other forms of heated bath. ...

History

A common misconception is that the Bunsen burner was invented by German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Christian Schonbein. Although it is named after him, it is actually an improvement made in 1855 by his laboratory assistant, Peter Desaga, on an earlier design by Michael Faraday. The improvement is called a Tirrill Burner. The main differences between these burners is the gas control valve on a Tirrill Burner and the improved structure of the Tirrill Burner. Most Bunsen burners are in fact Tirrill Burners. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (31st March, 1811 – 16th August, 1899) was a German chemist. ... Christian Friedrich SchÃ¶nbein (October 18, 1799 â€“ August 29, 1868) was a German-Swiss chemist who is most well-known for his discovery of guncotton. ... Instrument maker at the University of Heidelberg, who worked with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 â€“ August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ...

Operation

The device safely burns a continuous stream of a flammable gas such as natural gas (which is principally methane) or a liquified petroleum gas such as propane, butane, or a mixture of both. At the time of its invention, the Bunsen burner would have mostly burnt coal gas. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1668x1500, 87 KB) Ta grafika zostaÅ‚a stworzona przez Artura Jana FijaÅ‚kowskiego (WarX) przy uÅ¼yciu Wolnego Oprogramowania i udostÄ™pniona na zasadach licencji GFDL. Autorem zdjÄ™Ä‡ jest Garett. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1668x1500, 87 KB) Ta grafika zostaÅ‚a stworzona przez Artura Jana FijaÅ‚kowskiego (WarX) przy uÅ¼yciu Wolnego Oprogramowania i udostÄ™pniona na zasadach licencji GFDL. Autorem zdjÄ™Ä‡ jest Garett. ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... This article is about the fossil fuel. ... Methane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH4. ... 45 kg LPG cylinders Spherical Gas Container typically found in Refineries. ... Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a liquid that is transportable. ... Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. ... Syngas (from synthesis gas) is the name given to gasses of varying composition that are generated in coal gasification and some types of waste-to-energy facilities. ...

The burner has a weighted base with a connector for a gas line (hose barb) and a vertical tube (barrel) rising from it. The hose barb is connected to a gas nozzle on the lab bench with rubber tubing. Most lab benches are equipped with multiple gas nozzles connected to a central gas source, as well as vacuum, nitrogen, and steam nozzles. The gas then flows up through the base through a small hole at the bottom of the barrel and is directed upward. There are open slots in the side of the tube bottom to admit air into the stream via the Venturi effect, and the gas burns at the top of the tube once ignited by a flame or spark. The most common methods of lighting the burner are using a match or a spark lighter. General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... A Venturi meter is shown in a diagram, the pressure in 1 conditions is higher than 2, and the relationship between the fluid speed in 2 and 1 respectively, is the same as for pressure. ... For other uses, see Match (disambiguation). ... A flint spark lighter in action. ...

The amount of air (or rather oxygen) mixed with the gas stream affects the completeness of the combustion reaction. Less air yields an incomplete and thus cooler reaction, while a gas stream well mixed with air provides oxygen in an equimolar amount and thus a complete and hotter reaction. The air flow can be controlled by opening or closing the slot openings at the base of the barrel, similar in function to a car's carburetor. General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... This article is about the chemical reaction combustion. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI base unit that measures an amount of substance. ... Bendix-Technico (Stromberg) 1-barrel downdraft carburetor model BXUV-3, with nomenclature A carburetor (North American spelling) / carburettor (international spelling), colloquially called a carb (in North America and the United Kingdom) or carby (chiefly in Australia), is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. ...

If the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter, appearing blue as a result. If the holes are closed, the gas will only mix with ambient air at the point of combustion, that is, only after it has exited the tube at the top. This reduced mixing produces an incomplete reaction, producing a cooler but brighter yellow which is often called the "safety flame". The yellow flame is luminous due to small soot particles in the flame which are heated to incandescence. When the burner is regulated to produce a hot, blue flame it can be nearly invisible against some backgrounds. Increasing the amount of fuel gas flow through the tube by opening the needle valve will of course increase the size of the flame. However, unless the airflow is adjusted as well, the flame temperature will decrease because an increased amount of gas is now mixed with the same amount of air, starving the flame of oxygen. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Soot, also called lampblack, Pigment Black 7, carbon black or black carbon, is a dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, usually composed mainly of amorphous carbon, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smokeâ€”especially from the combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in the... Molten glassy material glows orange with incandescence in a vitrification experiment. ...

Fall into disuse

Bunsen burners have largely been supplanted by hot plates, heating mantles, and other similar electric heating elements as sources of heat in laboratories. Hot plates provide several advantages over bunsen burners. First, electric heating elements are much safer, producing no fumes and posing no risk of explosion. Second, a hot plate, especially in conjunction with a sand bath, provides much more even heating than a bunsen burner. Even heating is important for reducing both the duration and side products of a reaction. Third, a hot plate has a much larger operable heating range than a bunsen burner: a hot plate can be used to boil water or merely to keep things warm, while a bunsen burner is limited to the combustion temperature of the fuel gas. Finally, a bunsen burner gives off byproducts that could taint a reaction, whereas a hot plate provides clean heat. These emissions are negligible for a blue flame (which gives off only carbon dioxide and water), but can be quite apparent with a yellow flame (which gives off carbon monoxide and particulates, coating the bottom of glassware with black soot that is difficult to scrub). However, the bunsen burner still heats things much more quickly than a hot plate and is still useful in sterilization (especially in sterilizing the wire probes used to culture petri dishes) and in flame tests. They are also used to flame-dry glassware when conducting air-sensitive reactions. A hot plate is a small electric stove often used in a laboratory setting to heat glassware. ... A heating mantle is a variety of laboratory equipment for applying heat to containers, as an alternative to other forms of heated bath. ... A sand bath is a common piece of laboratory equipment made from a container filled with heated sand. ... For other uses, see Chemical reaction (disambiguation). ... A microbiological culture is a way to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply (reproduce) in predetermined media. ... Man looking at fungus inside of petri dishes A Petri dish is a shallow glass or plastic cylindrical dish that biologists use to culture microbes. ... The flame test carried out on a copper halide. ...

For safety, bunsen burners should be used with a heatproof mat. Commonly used in tabletop lab experiments involving moderate temperatures (eg bunsen burners), a heatproof mat is used to prevent damage to a worksurface. ...

Regulatory Standards and Guidelines

In the US, bunsen burners must be connected using listed connectors in compliance with ANSI Z21.24 Standard for Connectors for Gas Appliances. The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced an-see) is a nonprofit organization that oversees the development of standards for products, services, processes and systems in the United States. ...

References

See also

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Propane burner used with forced air into a metal melting furnace. ...

External Links

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Brown glass jars with some clear lab glassware in the background Laboratory glassware refers to a variety of equipment, traditionally made of glass, used for scientific experiments and other work in science, especially in chemistry and biology laboratories. ... A beaker is a simple container for liquids, very commonly used in laboratories. ... A large, thick-walled laboratory tube used for strongly heating substances with a Bunsen burner or other heat source. ... A BÃ¼chner funnel connected to a flask with a tube leading to a vacuum pump BÃ¼chner funnel is a piece of laboratory equipment used in suction filtration. ... A burette (also buret) is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation on its full length and a precision tap, or stopcock, on the bottom. ... Cold fingers. ... 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Contents

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