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Encyclopedia > Bunter (geology)

Bunter beds are sandstone deposits containing rounded pebbles, such as can notably be found in Warwickshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Nottinghamshire, Devon and Dorset in England. They are thought to be alluvial deposits and, judging from the rounding of the mainly quartzite pebbles, to have resulted from prolonged transportation in a large and turbulent river, resulting in powerful abrasion. The deposits in the English Midlands are thought to have been transported in this way Northwards from Brittany, France. This supposed river has been called the "Budleighensis", after the Devon village of Budleigh Salterton, a site where such deposits were discovered. The depositions took place in the Triassic period. Some newer conglomerates, e.g. in Warwickshire, near Ryton are thought to have arisen from the Southward transportation of older deposits by ice flows, in the Ice Age. Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... A detailed map Stratford-upon-Avon Kenilworth Castle Warwickshire (pronounced //, //, or //) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in central England. ... The Cheshire Plain - photo taken adjacent to Beeston Castle The Cheshire Plain - photo taken towards Merseyside The Cheshire Plain panorama - photo taken from Mid-Cheshire Ridge Cattle farming in the county Black-and-white timbered buildings on Nantwich High Street Cheshire (or, archaically, the County of Chester)[1] is a... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ... Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. ... For other uses, see Devon (disambiguation). ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dÉ”.sÉ™t], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Quartzite Quartzite is a hard, metamorphic rock which was originally sandstone. ... In general, the midlands of a territory are its central regions. ... Brittany has an expansive coastline Flag of Brittany (Gwenn-ha-du) Historical province of Brittany région of Bretagne, see Bretagne. ... External links Budleigh Salterton Journal Budleigh Salterton (DMOZ.org) Budleigh Salterton Guide Categories: | ... The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 to 200 Ma (million years ago). ... Ryton-on-Dunsmore is a village and civil parish in the Rugby district of Warwickshire, located just to the South East of Coventry, England. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...


The pebbles, also called cobbles, which can be used as gravel, as ballast or as cobblestones, are mainly milky-white quartzite but can vary in colour and composition, including some that are hard, reddish-coloured sandstone. The sandstone in which these pebbles are deposited can be used for building or as an aggregate for cement or concrete. Pebbles A pebble is a rock with a size of 4 to 75 millimeters (some say 64 millimeters). ... Cobble is a geologic term for a rock or rock fragment with a grain size with dimensions between 64–256 mm (2. ... Gravel being unloaded from a barge Gravel is rock that is of a certain grain size range. ... Look up ballast in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A cobblestone-covered street Cobblestones are stones used in the pavement of early streets. ... Look up Aggregate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the most general sense of the word, cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. ... Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...

Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:
Bunter

The name "Bunter" derives from the German term "Buntsandstein", "bunte" meaning "variegated", referring to the colour of the sandstone deposit, which varies from reddish to greenish. This sandstone is widespread across central Europe, notably the Black Forest and Odenwald in Germany. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... A map of Germany, showing the Black Forest in red. ... The Odenwald is a mountain chain in southern Hessen, northern Bavaria and northern Baden-Württemberg. ...


The sandstone can be hard enough for building, yet easy enough to "work", resulting in bridges, castles, cathedrals and churches constructed of reddish sandstone, throughout the relevant areas of Europe (e.g. Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Alsace in France, Denmark, Poland). A log bridge in the French Alps near Vallorcine. ... Pierrefonds Castle, France Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... A cathedral is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishops seat, and thus as the central church of a diocese. ... St. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... (New région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Strasbourg Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Departments Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Statistics Land area1 8,280 km² Population (Ranked 14th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ...


The land under which these beds lie is generally very well-drained, creating heath-like conditions. Because of the drainage, the soil tends to be of low fertility. A notable area in Britain, which has these characteristics, is Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). viky + callum 4 everCannock Chase is a mixed area of countryside in the county of Staffordshire, England. ... An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, that has been specially designated by the Countryside Agency on behalf of the United Kingdom government. ...


The long shingle tombolo of Chesil Beach in Dorset and the raised beach of Portland, Dorset are partly composed of Bunter pebbles. As yet, no fully satisfactory and universally accepted geological explanation has been formulated, to explain their precise origin and mode of transport, as each proposed theory has its difficulties. Look up shingle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tombolo at Stockton Island, Ashland County (Wisconsin). ... Chesil Beach from Fortuneswell Looking west down Chesil Beach by Abbotsbury Satelite view of Chesil Beach (shown blue) and Portland Bill (Landsat image viewed using NASA World Wind software) Portland and Chesil Beach from Abbotsbury Castle A fossil from the far western end of Chesil Beach Chesil Beach (sometimes called... Chesil Beach from the hill above Fortuneswell, Portland Harbour is on the right. ...



 
 

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