NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Burgenland

Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or Felsőőrvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. It consists of two Statutarstädte (towns with a charter) and seven districts with in total 171 municipalities. It is 166 km long from north to south but much narrower from west to east (only 5 km wide at Sieggraben). Image File history File links Burgenland_Wappen. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Å½eljezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ... Landeshauptmann (literally country captain or state captain) is the German title of the governor of a state of Austria or of the Italian province of Bolzano (South Tyrol). ... Hans Niessl Hans Niessl (born June 12, 1951 in Zurndorf, Austria) is an Austrian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and governor of the Burgenland. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 kmÂ² and 10,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Image File history File links Burgenland_Landesflagge. ... from de File links The following pages link to this file: Burgenland Categories: GFDL images ... Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... A Statutarstadt (also called a city with its own statute) is a city in Austria with its own municipal law or city statute. ... Sieggraben is a town in the district of Mattersburg in Burgenland in Austria. ...

Geography

Burgenland is the 7th largest of Austria's 9 provinces (Bundesländer), at 3,966 km². The highest point in the province is Geschriebenstein, at 884 metres, the lowest point is 114 metres, near Apetlon.

Burgenland has a very long border: To the west it borders the Austrian provinces of Niederösterreich and Steiermark. To the northeast it borders Slovakia, Hungary to the east and Slovenia to the farthest south. Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: NiederÃ¶sterreich) is one of the nine states or BundeslÃ¤nder in Austria. ... Styria redirects here. ...

Burgenland shares with Hungary one of two lakes without natural outflow in Europe, the Neusiedler See; the other one being Lake Balaton, in Hungary. A steppe lake is a large flat lake without a natural outflow. ... A storks nest typical for the region The Neusiedler See (Hungarian: FertÅ‘) is the only steppe lake in Central Europe and is located at the border between Austria and Hungary. ... Lake Balaton (Hungarian: Balaton; Latin: Lacus Pelso; German: Plattensee; Serbian: Blatno Jezero or Ð‘Ð»Ð°Ñ‚Ð½Ð¾ ÐˆÐµÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð¾; meaning approximately muddy lake in Slavic, probable origin of the name), located in Hungary, is the largest lake in Central Europe. ...

Politics of Burgenland

Burgenland's provincial assembly (Landtag) has 36 seats. At the election held on 3 December 2000, the SPÖ won 17 seats, the ÖVP won 13 seats, the FPÖ won 4 seats, and the Green Party won 2 seats. The provincial government is a coalition of the SPÖ and the ÖVP. The voting age for regional elections in Burgenland was reduced to 16 in 2003. In an election held on October 9, 2005, the SPÖ won 19 seats, giving them a majority. The ÖVP retained its 13 seats, the Green Party retained its 2 seats, and the FPÖ fell to 2 seats.[1] December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Ã–sterreichs, or SPÃ–) is one of the oldest political parties in Austria. ... The Austrian Peoples Party (de:Ã–sterreichische Volkspartei, or Ã–VP) is an Austrian political party. ... The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Ã–sterreichs, abbreviated to FPÃ–) is a far-right political party in Austria. ... The Austrian Green Party (de: Die GrÃ¼nen - Die GrÃ¼ne Alternative, or Die GrÃ¼nen) is a political party in the Austrian parliament. ... A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain in order to be eligible to vote in a public election. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Ã–sterreichs, or SPÃ–) is one of the oldest political parties in Austria. ... The Austrian Peoples Party (de:Ã–sterreichische Volkspartei, or Ã–VP) is an Austrian political party. ... The Austrian Green Party (de: Die GrÃ¼nen - Die GrÃ¼ne Alternative, or Die GrÃ¼nen) is a political party in the Austrian parliament. ... The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Ã–sterreichs, abbreviated to FPÃ–) is a far-right political party in Austria. ...

Administration

In Burgenland there are 2 Statutarstädte and 7 districts. From north to south: A Statutarstadt (also called a city with its own statute) is a city in Austria with its own municipal law or city statute. ...

Image File history File links Map of Burgenland Modified by me from template by de:Benutzer:Plp, 12. ... Image File history File links Map of Burgenland Modified by me from template by de:Benutzer:Plp, 12. ...

Statutarstädte

Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Å½eljezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ... Rust (Hungarian: Ruszt) is a city in Burgenland, Austria located at the shore of the Neusiedler See. ...

Districts

The Bezirk Neusiedl am See is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... Neusiedl am See (Hungarian: Nezsider) is a town in Burgenland, Austria Geographic coordinates: 47Â°56â€²55â€³N, 16Â°50â€²35â€³E Categories: | ... The Bezirk Eisenstadt-Umgebung is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Å½eljezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ... The Bezirk Mattersburg is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... Mattersburg (former Mattersdorf, Hungarian: Nagymarton) is a town in Burgenland, Austria in the rural vineyard region of the country. ... The Bezirk Oberpullendorf is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... Oberpullendorf in Burgenland, Austria Oberpullendorf (Hungarian: FelsÅ‘pulya) is a town in Burgenland, Austria. ... Basisdaten Federal state Burgenland Area 732. ... Oberwart (Hungarian: FelsÅ‘Å‘r) is a town in Burgenland in Austria and the capital of the district denominated by the same name. ... The Bezirk GÃ¼ssing is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... GÃ¼ssing ( in Hungarian NÃ©metÃºjvÃ¡r ) is a town in Burgenland, Austria The lords of GÃ¼ssing (in Hungarian: KÃ¶szeg, in Slovak: Kysak) were a noble family in the frontier region of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. ... The Bezirk Jennersdorf is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Burgenland, Austria. ... Jennersdorf (Hungarian: Gyanafalva) is a town in Burgenland, Austria Categories: Stub ...

History of Burgenland

Between Hungary and Austria

The first inhabitation of Burgenland dates back to the Stone Age. During the Roman Empire it formed the core of the province of Pannonia. After the battle at Augsburg (955), Germanic settlers started to inhabit the area. In 1043 a peace treaty between Kaiser Henry III and King Aba Sámuel of Hungary fixed the western border of Hungary along the Leitha river. The territory of the present-day Burgenland became the western border-zone of Hungary until 1920. Stone Age fishing hook. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Henry III, from a miniature of 1040. ... Samuel Aba (Hungarian: Aba SÃ¡muel; in contemporary foreign sources: King Aba, on his coins: King Samuel) was the third King of Hungary. ...

The majority of the population was mainly Germanic except the Hungarian border-guards of the frontier (gyepű). Germanic immigration was also continuous in the Middle Ages from the neighbouring Austria. In the 16-17th centuries German Protestant refugees arrived in Western Hungary to take shelter from the religion wars of the Holy Roman Empire. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ...

After 1440 the territory of present-day Burgenland was occupied by the Habsburgs of Austria, and in 1463 the northern part of it (with the town of Kőszeg) became a mortgage-territory according to the peace treaty of Wiener Neustadt. In 1477 King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary reoccupied, but in 1491 it was mortgaged again by King Ulászló II of Hungary to Kaiser Maximilian I. In 1647 Kaiser Ferdinand II returned it to Hungary. In the 17-18th centuries wealthy Catholic landowner-families, for example the Esterházys and Batthyánys dominated the region. Events January 5 - Poet Francois Villon is banned from Paris Births January 17 - Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (died 1525) February 24 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (died 1494) October 20 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (died 1512) Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de Medici, Italian patron of the arts (died 1503... Wiener Neustadt (Hungarian: BÃ©csÃºjhely) is located south of Vienna in the state of Lower Austria. ... Matthias Corvinus (Mátyás in Hungarian), (February 23, 1443 (?) - April 6, 1490) was one of the greatest Kings of Hungary, ruling between 1458 and 1490. ... Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary Ladislaus Jagellion (Czech: Vladislav JagellonskÃ½, Hungarian: ), (Polish:WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw II JagielloÅ„czyk, was the King of Bohemia from 1471 and the King of Hungary from 1490 until his death in 1516. ... Portrait by Albrecht DÃ¼rer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 â€“ February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1620-1637. ... The House of EsterhÃ¡zy (- German, in Hungarian: EszterhÃ¡zy, in Slovak: EsterhÃ¡zi) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages, which was among the great territorial magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

After the demise of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy in 1918, the German inhabitants of Deutsch-Westungarn intended to join Austria. According to the 1910 census 291,800 people lived on the territory of present-day Burgenland. Among them 217,072 were German-speaking (74%), 43,633 Croatian (15%) and 26,225 (9%) Hungarian. Roma people were counted according to their mother language. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

The decision about Deutsch-Westungarn was fixed in the peace treaties of Saint Germain and the Trianon. Despite diplomatic efforts by Hungary, the victorious parties of World War I set the date of Burgenland's official unification with Austria as August 28, 1921. In fact, the occupation by the Austrian police and customs was stopped on the same day, hindered by sharpshooters who offered armed resistance with the support of Hungary. The Treaty of Saint-Germain, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new republic of Austria on the other. ... The negotiations on June 4, 1920. ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ...

1921: The ninth state of Austria

With the help of Italian diplomatic mediation, the crisis was almost resolved in the autumn of 1921, when Hungary committed to disarm the sharpshooters by November 6, 1921, with the caveat of a poll about the unification of certain territories, including Ödenburg (Sopron), the designated capital of Burgenland, and eight other communities. The poll took place from 14 December to 16 December, and resulted in a clear (but doubted by Austria) vote of the people for Hungary. November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Soprons Fire Tower Sopron (pronounced shop-ron), historically also known by the German name Ã–denburg, is the name of a city in Hungary. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contrary to the other ('Cisleithanian') present Austrian states, Burgenland did not constitute a specific Kronland. Because of its different historical roots at the time of its formation it did not have its own 'regional' political and administrative institutions such as a Landtag (representative assembly) and Statthalter (imperial governor). Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien) was the name of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. ... A Landtag (Diet) is a representative assembly, with some legislative authority, of a political entity called Land (i. ... Statthalter is a German title, meaning steadholder, i. ...

On July 18, 1922, the first elections for the parliament of Burgenland took place. To cope with the changeover from Hungarian to Austrian jurisdiction, a lot of interim arrangements were made. The parliament decided in 1925 on Eisenstadt as the official capital of Burgenland, and moved from the various provisional estates throughout the country to the newly built Landhaus in 1929. July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Å½eljezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ...

The first Austrian census in 1923 registered 285,600 people in Burgenland. The ethnic composition of the province slightly changed: the percentage of Germans increased compared to 1910 (227,869 people, 80%) while the percentage of Hungarians rapidly declined (14,931 people, 5%). This change was due to the emigration of the Hungarian civil servants and intellectuals after the union with Austria.

In 1923, emigration to the United States of America, which started in the late 19th century, reached its climax; in some places up to a quarter of the population went overseas.

After the Nazi German Anschluss of Austria, the administrative unit Burgenland was dissolved and integrated into the districts of Niederdonau (Lower Danube) and Steiermark (Styria). Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) is a federal state or Bundesland, located in the south east of Austria. ...

In addition to the oppression of the Jews, the ethnic groups Roma and Sinti also suffered under the Nazi regime. The KZ Lackenback concentration camp for gyspies was located in the area, as was KZ Zwaten.^[1] Languages Romani, languages of native region Religions Christianity, Islam Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) The Roma (singular Rom; sometimes Rroma, Rrom) or Romanies are an ethnic group living in many communities all over the world. ... Sinti or Sinte (Singular masc. ... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ...

The policy of Germanization had effects on other ethnic minorities especially Croatians and Hungarians. Minority schools were closed and the use of native language discouraged.

The Nazis began, with the help of mostly Jewish forced labour and committed inhabitants, to build the Ostwall (Eastern Rampart), which showed itself utterly useless at the time Soviet troops crossed the Hungarian-Austrian border and began to invade Austria. In the last days of the Nazi regime a lot of executions and death-marches of the Jewish forced labourers took place.

Minefields 1945-1970

As of October 1, 1945, Burgenland was reestablished with Soviet support and given to the Soviet forces in exchange for Steiermark (Styria), which was in turn occupied by the United Kingdom. October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) is a federal state or Bundesland, located in the south east of Austria. ...

Under the Soviet occupation, people in Burgenland had to stand a time of serious mistreatment and an extremely slow economic progression, the latter induced by investor-discouraging presence of the Soviet troops. The Soviet occupation ended with the signing of the Austrian Independence Treaty of Vienna in 1955 by the Occupying Forces. The Austrian Independence Treaty (complete form: Treaty for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria, signed in Vienna on the 15th May 1955), more commonly referred to as Austrian State Treaty (German Staatsvertrag), was signed on the 15th May 1955 in Vienna at Schloss Belvedere between the Allied... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The brutally crushed Hungarian Revolution on October 23, 1956 resulted in a shockwave of Hungarian refugees at the Hungarian-Austrian border, especially at the Bridge of Andau (Brücke von Andau), who were received by the inhabitants of Burgenland with an overwhelming amount of hospitality. Combatants Soviet Union ÃVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov PÃ¡l MalÃ©ter, BÃ©la KirÃ¡ly, Gergely PongrÃ¡tz, JÃ³zsef DudÃ¡s Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 720 killed according to official... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The BrÃ¼cke von Andau (Bridge At Andau) is a small bridge over the Einserkanal, a small river which partially represents the border to Hungary. ...

In 1957, the construction of the "anti-Fascist Protective Barrier" resulted in a complete bulkheading of the area under Soviet influence from the rest of the world, rendering the Hungarian-Austrian border next to Burgenland a deadly zone of mine fields (on the Hungarian border) and barbed wire, referred to as the Iron Curtain. Even during the era of the Iron Curtain, local trains between the north and south of Burgenland operated as "Corridor trains" (Korridorzüge) – they had their doors locked as they traversed Hungarian territory. Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it â€” blue. ...

Starting in 1965 and finishing in 1971, the minefields were cleansed because people were often harmed by them, even on the Austrian side of the border. This could well be taken as a sign of the Soviet Union towards opening the borders to the Western countries, starting in the late seventies.

Wine and Iron Curtain

Despite Burgenland (especially the area around Neusiedler See) always producing excellent wine, some vintagers in Burgenland added illegal substances to their wine in the mid-1980s. When this was revealed, the wine export of Austria broke down completely. After recovering from that scandal, vintagers in Austria, not only in Burgenland, started focussing on quality and mostly dropped the production of poor quality wine. A storks nest typical for the region The Neusiedler See (Hungarian: FertÅ‘) is the only steppe lake in Central Europe and is located at the border between Austria and Hungary. ...

On July 27, 1989, the Foreign ministers of Austria and Hungary, Alois Mock and Gyula Horn, cut the Iron Curtain (in German: "Eiserner Vorhang") in the village of Klingenbach in a symbolic act with far-reaching consequences. Thousands of East Germans used this possibility to flee to the West. Again, the inhabitants of Burgenland received them with great hospitality. Later, this was often referred to as the starting shot of the German reunification. In the summer of 1989, the foreign ministers of Austria and Hungary, Alois Mock and Gyula Horn, cut through the Iron Curtain separating their countries. ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the governmental foreign policy of a sovereign nation. ... Dr. Alois Mock (born June 10, 1934) is a politician and member of the Christian-conservative Austrian Peoples Party (Ã–VP). ... Gyula Horn (born in July 5, 1932, Budapest) is a Hungarian politician, having been Prime Minister of Hungary 1994-1998 leading the socialist-liberal coalition. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the governmental foreign policy of a sovereign nation. ... Dr. Alois Mock (born June 10, 1934) is a politician and member of the Christian-conservative Austrian Peoples Party (Ã–VP). ... Gyula Horn (born in July 5, 1932, Budapest) is a Hungarian politician, having been Prime Minister of Hungary 1994-1998 leading the socialist-liberal coalition. ... Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it â€” blue. ... Klingenbach (Hungarian: Klimpa) is a town in Burgenland, Austria near the border with Hungary. ... GDR redirects here. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (-_-)East Germany(-_-) German reunification (German: ) took place on October 3, 1990, when the areas of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, in English commonly called East Germany) were incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG...

In 2004, the complete opening of the borders in conjunction with Hungary joining the European Union has brought back the historical denotation of Burgenland being a bridge between the western and eastern territories in Central Europe. Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the VisegrÃ¡d Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

Minorities

Burgenland has notable Croatian (29,000 - 45,000) and Hungarian (5,000 - 15,000) population residing in it.

Hungarians are living in the villages of Oberwart/Felsőőr, Unterwart/Alsóőr and Siget in der Wart/Őrisziget. The three villages together are called Upper Őrség (Hun: Felső-Őrség, German: Wart), and they have formed a language island since the 11th century. The other old Hungarian language island in Oberpullendorf/Felsőpulya has almost disappeared today. The Hungarians of Burgenland were "őrök" ie. guards of the western frontier, and their special dialect is similar to the Székelys in Transylvania. Their cultural centre is Oberwart/Felsőőr. Oberwart (Hungarian: FelsÅ‘Å‘r) is a town in Burgenland in Austria and the capital of the district denominated by the same name. ... Unterwart (Hungarian: AlsÃ³Å‘r) is a village in Burgenland, Austria, in the district of Oberwart. ... Siget in der Wart (Hungarian: Årisziget) is a small village in Burgenland, Austria, in the district of Oberwart (Hun: FelsÅ‘Å‘r). ... Upper ÅrsÃ©g (Hun: FelsÅ‘-ÅrsÃ©g, German: Wart) is a traditional ethnographic region and a small Hungarian language island in southern Burgenland, Austria. ... Oberpullendorf in Burgenland, Austria Oberpullendorf (Hungarian: FelsÅ‘pulya) is a town in Burgenland, Austria. ... The SzÃ©kely or Szeklers (Hungarian: , Romanian: , German: ) ( sÃ©k-ei in pronunciation ) are a Hungarian ethnic group mostly living in Transylvania in Romania, with a significant population also living in Vojvodina, Serbia. ...

The Croatians arrived after the devastating Ottoman war in 1532, when the Ottoman army totally destroyed some parts of the territory. Their resettlement by estate-owners was finished only in 1584. They have preserved their strong Catholic faith and their language until today, and in the 19th century their national identity grew stronger because of the influence of the National Revival in Croatia. Between 1918 and 1921 Croatians opposed the planned annexation of West-Hungary to Austria, and in 1923 seven Croatian villages voted for a return to Hungary. The Croatian Cultural Association of Burgenland was established in 1934. In the Nazi era (1938-45) the Croatian language was officially prohibited, and the state pursued an aggressive policy of Germanization. The Austrian State Treaty of 1955 guaranteed minority rights for every native ethnic minority in Austria but Croatians had to fight for the use of their language in schools and offices even in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2000 51 new bilingual village name-signs were put out in Burgenland (47 Croatian and 4 Hungarian). Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... Occupation zones in Austria, 1945-1955 The Austrian Independence Treaty (complete form: Treaty for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria, signed in Vienna on the 15 May 1955), more commonly referred to as the Austrian State Treaty (German Staatsvertrag), was signed on May 15, 1955 in Vienna...

The language of the Croatian minority is an interesting 16th century dialect which is different from standard Croatian. In minority schools and media the local dialect is used, and it has had a written form since the 17th century (the Gospel was first translated to dialect-Croatian in 1711). Today the language is endangered by assimilation, according to the UNESCO "Red Book". The Croatians of Burgenland belong to the same group as their relatives on the other side of the modern Hungarian border.

Name

The region wasn't an independent territorial entity so it didn't have any name before 1921. Until the end of the First World War the German-speaking western borderland of Hungary was sometimes unofficially called Deutsch-Westungarn (German West Hungary). Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

The name Vierburgenland (Land of Four Castles) was created in 1919 by Odo Rötig, a Viennese resident in Sopron/Ödenburg. It was derived from the name of the four Hungarian vármegye (in German Komitate, 'counties') known in Hungarian as Pozsony, Moson, Sopron and Vas, or in German as Pressburg, Wieselburg, Ödenburg and Eisenburg. After the town of Pozsony/Pressburg was assigned to Czechoslovakia the number vier was dropped, but the name was kept because it was deemed to be appropriate for a region with so many old frontier castles. The Burgenland name was officially adopted by the first provincial Landtag in 1922. Pozsony is: the Hungarian name for PreÃŸburg = Bratislava (the current capital of Slovakia), once capital of the Hungarian kingdom Hence, the abbreviated name of the Pozsony county from a time when it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Moson (-Hungarian, in German: Wieselburg) was a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day eastern Austria and north-western Hungary, on the right (south) side of the Danube river. ... Soprons Fire Tower Sopron (pronounced shop-ron), historically also known by the German name Ã–denburg, is the name of a city in Hungary. ... VAS is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below: Vaccine Associated Sarcoma Value-added service, a telecommunications industry concept Vermont Astronomical Society Virtual address space, a feature of modern operating systems Visual Analogue Scale VAS Records is a record company based in St. ...

In Hungarian the German name is generally accepted but there are three modern alternatives used by minor groups. The Hungarian translation of the German name, Várvidék was invented by László Juhász, an expert of the region in the 1970s and it is becoming increasingly popular especially in touristic publications. The other two names Őrvidék and Felső-Őrvidék derive from the name of the most important old Magyar language island, the Felső-Őrség. This microregion is around the town Felsőőr/Oberwart so these new names are a bit misleading however they are sometimes used.

The Croatian and Slovenian names Gradišće and Gradiščansko are translations of the German name.

Symbols

Or, standing upon a rock sable an eagle regardant wings displayed gules, langued of the same, crowned and armed of the first, on his breast an escutcheon paly of four, of the third and white fur, fimbriated of the field, and in dexter and sinister cantons two crosslets paty sable.

The arms were introduced in 1922 after the new province was created. They were composed from the arms of the two most important medieval noble families of the region, the Counts of Nagymarton and Fraknó (Mattersdorf-Forchtensten, eagle on the rock) and the Counts of Németújvár (Güssing, three bars of red and white fur).[2]

The flag of the province shows two stripes of red and gold, the colours of the coat-of-arms. It was officially confirmed in 1971.

Sources

External links

v • d • e

States of Austria

Burgenland · Carinthia · Lower Austria · Salzburg · Styria · Tyrol · Upper Austria · Vienna · Vorarlberg This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Carinthia (German: KÃ¤rnten, Italian: Carinzia, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: NiederÃ¶sterreich) is one of the nine states or BundeslÃ¤nder in Austria. ... Salzburg is a state or Land of Austria with an area of 7,154 kmÂ², located adjacent to the German border. ... Styria redirects here. ... Tyrol (German: , Czech: ) is a state or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Vorarlberg is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria. ...

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