Burnham Park (Chicago)
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Burnham Park
Northerly View of Burnham Park from Promontory Point (05/28/06)
Type	Municipal
Location	Chicago, Cook County, Illinois
Coordinates	41°50′7″N, 87°36′26″W
Opened	1920
Status	Open all year

Burnham Park is a park in Chicago, Illinois. The six mile long park is composed of Chicago Park District property that connects Grant Park to Jackson Park (14th St. to 56th St.) along the Lake Michigan lakefront.^[1][2] It was named for urban planner and architect Daniel Burnham on January 24, 1927.^[2] Burnham was one of the designers of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. Businessman A. Montgomery Ward felt that Chicago needed to have a publically accessable, "forever open, clear and free" lakefront lest the city descend into the squalor typical of American cities of the time, with buildings and heavy industry destroying any chance for beauty. To this day the city's lakefront is open from the former city limits at Hollywood down to the steel mills near Rainbow Beach. Streeterville, with it own peculiar history, is the lone exception. Image File history File links Municipal_Flag_of_Chicago. ... Image File history File links Municipal_Flag_of_Chicago. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, City of the Big Shoulders, The 312, The City that Works Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government... Image File history File links Municipal_Flag_of_Chicago. ... Image File history File links Municipal_Flag_of_Chicago. ... 05/28/06 View of Hyde Park and Downtown. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, City of the Big Shoulders, The 312, The City that Works Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government... Cook County may mean: Cook County, Illinois Cook County, Georgia Cook County, Minnesota Cooke County, Texas This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... The Chicago Park District is the oldest and financially largest Park District in the nation, with over a $400 million budget. ... The Taste of Chicago is held in Grant Park annually around Independence Day. ... Jackson Park or Jackson Park Highlands is a 500 acre (2 km²) park on Chicagos South Side located in the South Shore community area, bordering Lake Michigan and the neighborhoods of Hyde Park and Woodlawn. ... Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one in the group located entirely within the United States. ... Daniel H. Burnham. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... One-third scale replica of Daniel Chester Frenchs Republic, which stood in the great basin at the exposition, Chicago, 2004 The Worlds Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago Worlds Fair), a Worlds Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher... Aaron Montgomery Ward (February 17, 1844 - December 7, 1913) was an American businessman notable for the invention of mail order. ... Streeterville is a neighborhood in Chicago north of the Chicago River. ...

History

In the mid-1890s, architect Daniel H. Burnham began planning a park and boulevard that would link Jackson Park with downtown. As Chief of Construction for the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, Burnham was known for developing the White City. After the fair, Burnham began designing a more functional Chicago. Burnham's plan, including a lakefront park with a series of islands, boating harbor, beaches, and playfields was published in his 1909 Plan of Chicago. ^[3] Image File history File linksMetadata BurnhamPlan00. ...

1860-1890

Paul Cornell donates and builds East End Park between 51st and 53rd Streets. After much of the land erodes, the property was incorporated into Burnham Park and eventually renamed Harold Washington Park in 1992. In following years, expansions were built at the northeast corner of future Jackson Park, south end of Burnham. Most notably include a seawall and granite paved strolling beach constructed from 1884 to 1888 and building used as the Iowa Pavilion during the Columbian Exposition. Cornell lobbies for the establishment of a park and boulevard system. The first bond vote is rejected in 1867 as a method to provide a driving area for rich citizens and to lure people to move away for the benefit of real estate speculators and developers. In 1869, the bills are passed by the legislature. In 1869, the South Park Commission is formed, with support from landholder and developer Paul Cornell. The future site primarily is under Lake Michigan or adjoing the Illinois Central railroad right of way. In 1892, the formerly trestled railroad is raised on an embankment along present west edge of park. The commission forms Jackson Park with Jackson's, The Midway's and Washington's design focusing on lagoons and navigation from the Lake to South Park (now King) Dr. and 55th Street in addition to development of a driving park buggy paths along the lake north to downtown. By the 1880s the development includes the Kenwood and Bowen communities, and by the 1990s immigrant neighborhoods were developing. The city limits were expanded from 39th to 130th in 1889, absorbing virtually all of Hyde Park Township (35th to 138th).^[4] Paul Cornell appearing on Doctor Who Confidential Paul Cornell (born July 18, 1967) is a British writer best known for his work in television drama as well as Doctor Who fiction. ... Harold Lee Washington (April 15, 1922 – November 25, 1987) was a lawyer, legislator and the first African American Mayor of Chicago, Illinois serving from 1983 until his death in 1987. ...

1890-1910

Daniel Burnham (1846-1912)

The Columbian Exposition was held in Jackson Park, leaving housing in Hyde Park built for the Fair. In the area around the new University of Chicago allowed real estate developers an opportunity to profit during the depression of the mid-1890s. As part of Jackson Park's transformation, South Park Commission President James E. Ellsworth asks Burnham to design a boulevard linking Jackson and Grant parks. Ruling out residential expansion, Burnham develops plans for green areas, harbors and lagoons, water scenery, a canal to downtown, and a scenic drive. With a theme of a "playground for the people", the area would include bridges, beaches with pavilions and bathing houses. In 1896 , Burnham begins marketing the plan to Marshall Field, Pullman, Philip Armour, and business organizations. In 1901, the Chicago Commercial Club begin promoting the ideas followed in 1909 by publication of the Plan of Chicago by Burnham and Edward H. Bennett and illustrated by Jules Guerin. From 1907 until 1920, legal battles to acquire parkland continue despite the 1907 Legislature passing a bill with language favoring railroads until courts rejected the legislation.^[4] copied from http://www. ... copied from http://www. ... The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Marshall Field (1834 -1906) was founder of Marshall Field and Company, the Chicago based chain of department stores. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Proposed development in the center of the city The Burnham Plan is an essay, principally authored by Daniel Burnham in 1909, entitled The Plan of Chicago. ... Edward H. Bennett, (1874, Wiltshire, England - 1954) was a British architect who worked significantly in Chicago. ... Jules Guerin (1866-1946), American muralist, painter and illustrator. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

1910-1920

The South Park Commission received rights to the future site of the Field Museum in exchange for 160 acres transferred to the Illinois Central railroad. Government agencies had to agree to plans including the Cook County Circuit Court, General Assembly, Chicago Plan Commission, and U.S. Secretary of War. In 1912, Burnham dies and a new Chicago Plan Commission is created. In 1919, landfill efforts begin at north end of the park. In February of 1920, voters approve a $20 million bond issue as part of the Burnham Plan initiative for new lands to complete Grant Park and create the "South Shore Development. In 1920 the Field Museum is opened, with the exhibits moved from Jackson Park into the basement By 1925, new landforms including Northerly Island, the only offshore landform in the Burnham Plan actually built,^[5] is complete to 23rd St.^[4] The Chicago Plan Commission is a commission implemented to champion the enactment of the Burnham Plan as published in The Plan of Chicago. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Proposed development in the center of the city The Burnham Plan is an essay, principally authored by Daniel Burnham in 1909, entitled The Plan of Chicago. ...

1920-1930

A $2.5 million bond issue passed in 1922 for a stadium conceived by Burnham. Designed by architects Holabird and Roche and named Soldier Field for veterans of World War I, cost overruns required another bond issue in 1926. By 1924, the breakwater wall stretched from 14th to 55th Streets. In 1926, Soldier field and a portion of Lake Shore Drive are opened. Landfilling extends from 23rd Street to 56th Street but Promontory Point is not complete, prompting complaints regarding garbage, blowing sand and odors. Through the 1920s and 1930s, landfill efforts continue to fill in Burnham Park and adjacent Northerly Island.^[6] The south development was named for Daniel Burnham on January 14, 1927 and support increased for a world's fair in the park. Construction is completed on Lake Shore Drive, with northbound lanes named for Leif Erikson, and southbound lanes for Christopher Columbus. In 1929, construction of the park at Promontory Point begins. The Great Depression will delay work and prevent construction of nearshore islands. Burnham Park was chosen for site of the Century of Progress world's fair and a yacht basin is built south of 51st Street.^[4] Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Telstra Stadium in Sydney, Australia is capable of being converted from a rectangular rugby football field to an oval for cricket and Australian rules football games This article is about the building type. ... The architectural firm of Holabird & Roche was founded in Chicago in 1880. ... Soldier Field is located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, and is currently home to the NFLs Chicago Bears. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Breakwater has several meanings, including: a structure for protecting a beach or harbour a 1988 album named Breakwater by Lennie Gallant. ... Patterns in the sand Sand is a granular material made up of fine rock particles. ... Merrill C. Meigs Field Airport (IATA airport code CGX) was a single strip airport built on Northerly Island, the landfill originally created to house the 1933-1934 Century of Progress in Chicago, Illinois. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... A statue of Leif Ericson in front of the Hallgrímskirkja in Reykjavik Leif Ericson (old Icelandic: Leifr Eiríksson) was an explorer, the son of Eric the Red (Eiríkr rauði), a Norwegian outlaw, who was the son of another Norwegian outlaw, Þorvaldr Ásvaldsson. ... Christopher Columbus (Genoa?, Italy, 1451? – Valladolid, Spain, May 20, 1506) was a navigator and maritime explorer credited as the discoverer of the Americas. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. ... A 1933 Century of Progress worlds fair poster The Century of Progress Exposition was a worlds fair held in Chicago, Illinois from 1933-1934 to celebrate Chicagos centennial. ...

1930s-1940s

In 1933 and 1934, the Century of Progress was held in Burnham Park. In the mid-1930s, the Chicago Park District used funds from the federal Works Progress Administration to complete landfill operations and implement landscaping at Promontory Point by renowned designer Alfred Caldwell, a professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology. In 1935, Mayor Edward Joseph Kelly explored the idea of a permanent fair in the park. The state passed a bill creating the Metropolitan Fair and Exposition Authority and allowed construction of Meigs Field after Northerly Island lost out as the site for the United Nations.^[6] In 1948, Burnham Park hosted the Railroad Fair^[6], proving the location's viability for conventions, which eventually led to the construction of the first McCormick Place in 1960.^[6] The original McCormick Place burned down in 1967, and despite opposition, a new facility opened in Burnham Park in 1971. ^[7] Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Chicago Park District is the oldest and financially largest Park District in the nation, with over a $400 million budget. ... WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created in May 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ... Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including but not limited to: living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly referred to as Gardening efforts in the gestalt, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of... Alfred Caldwell (1903-1998) was an American architect best known for his landscape architecture in and around Chicago, Illinois. ... State Street Village, S.R. Crown Hall, Armour Main Building Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) is a private Ph. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Edward Joseph Kelly (born: May 1, 1876; died: October 20, 1950; buried in Calvary Cemetery) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1933-1947) for the Democratic Party. ... Merrill C. Meigs Field Airport (IATA airport code CGX) was a single strip airport built on Northerly Island, the landfill originally created to house the 1933-1934 Century of Progress in Chicago, Illinois. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... McCormick Place is an enormous exposition complex located in Chicago, Illinois. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ...

Burnham Park today

Burnham's 598 acres also contains Museum Campus (which includes the Adler Planetarium, Shedd Aquarium and Field Museum), Soldier Field and Chicago's premier convention center, McCormick Place-on-the-Lake, which hosts more than four million people per year.^[8] The Chicago Park District also operates an all-concrete skatepark just South of 31st Street Beach's Chicago Park District Beachhouse.^[9] This article is about the unit of measure known as the acre. ... Museum Campus Chicago is a 57 acre (230,850 m²) lakefront park in Chicago that surrounds the Adler Planetarium, the Shedd Aquarium and the Field Museum of Natural History. ... Adler Planetarium The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum in downtown Chicago, Illinois was the first planetarium in the United States and is the oldest in existence today. ... John G. Shedd Aquarium in Chicago in the United States was at one time the largest indoor aquarium in the world with 5 million gallons of water and 22,000 fish; it has since been eclipsed by the 8 million gallon Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta. ... Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago The Field Museum of Natural History, in Chicago, Illinois, USA, sits on Lake Shore Drive next to Lake Michigan, part of a scenic complex called known as the Museum Campus which includes Soldier Field, the football stadium that is the home of the Chicago... Soldier Field is located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, and is currently home to the NFLs Chicago Bears. ... McCormick Place is an enormous exposition complex located in Chicago, Illinois. ... Skatepark in Davis, California. ...

Balbo monument

A highlight of the fair was Italian aviator and prominent facist Italo Balbo leading 24 flying boats in landing on Lake Michigan after a transatlantic flight from Rome. Balbo's squadron left Italy on June 30, 1933 and arrived on July 15 after making several short stops. To honor his journey, 7th Street was renamed to Balbo Drive. As a return gift, Benito Mussolini later sent a 2nd century Roman column, which was erected in front of the Italian pavilion during the Century of Progress.^[10] Located near the lakefront bike trail east of Soldier Field, the monument is one of the few relics remaining from the fair. The column is from a portico near the Porta Marina of Ostica Antica and stands on a marble base with inscriptions in both Italian and English reading: For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Air Marshal Italo Balbo Italo Balbo (June 6, 1896 - June 28, 1940) was an Italian aviator, blackshirt leader and possible successor of Mussolini. ... Boeing 314 A flying boat is an aircraft that is designed to take off and land on water, in particular a type of seaplane which uses its fuselage as a floating hull (instead of pontoons mounted below the fuselage). ... The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... A Squadron is a small unit or formation of cavalry, aircraft (including balloons), or naval vessels. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Taj Mahal, commissioned by the Muslim Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, as a mausoleum for his wife, Arjumand Banu Begum. ... Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone, composed mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). ...

"This column, twenty centuries old, was erected on the beach of Ostia, the port of Imperial Rome, to watch over the fortunes and victories of the Roman triremes. Fascist Italy, with the sponsorship of Benito Mussolini, presents to Chicago a symbol and memorial in honor of the Atlantic Squadron led by Balbo, which with Roman daring, flew across the ocean in the 11th year of the Fascist era." A Greek trireme Triremes were ancient war galleys with three rows of oars on each side. ...

Morgan Shoal

In conjunction with Harza Engineering, BauerLatoza Studio designed a nature area within a portion of the Park between 45th and 51st Streets featuring the shallow bedrock in an area known as Morgan Shoal. The $42 millon expansion will increase parkland by 30 acres filling Lake Michigan. ^[11]

Location

McFetridge Drive is the boundary between Grant Park and Burnham Park ^[12]. Beginning with Northerly Island and 14th Street Beach, and enclosing Burnham Harbor and its public marina, the park runs in a narrow strip past Soldier Field and the hulking McCormick Place, both of which disrupt Burnham's original plan, south to 56th street. The park lies mostly between Lake Shore Drive and Lake Michigan, but crosses the drive and abuts the Illinois Central Railroad tracks in places. There is a beach at 31st Street, a skate park at 34th Street, a stone beach at 49th Street, and a model boat pond at 51st Street in Hyde Park. The park ends with a florish at Promontory Point at 55th Street. Footbridges and underpasses provide access to the park over the barriers of the train tracks and Lake Shore Drive. A marked six mile bicycle path and jogging path runs the length of the park. Merrill C. Meigs Field Airport (IATA airport code CGX) was a single strip airport built on Northerly Island, the landfill originally created to house the 1933-1934 Century of Progress in Chicago, Illinois. ... A small marina at Brixham, Devon, England. ... Soldier Field is located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, and is currently home to the NFLs Chicago Bears. ... McCormick Place is an enormous exposition complex located in Chicago, Illinois. ... Lake Shore Drive (LSD) is a mostly freeway-standard expressway running parallel with and next to Lake Michigan through Chicago, Illinois, USA. Except for the northernmost part, it is designated as part of U.S. Highway 41. ... The Illinois Central (AAR reporting mark IC), sometimes called the Main Line of Mid-America, was a railroad carrier in the central United States, with its primary routes connecting Chicago, Illinois with New Orleans, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama. ... A skate park is a recreational area where skateboarders, inline skaters, and bicyclists can perform tricks. ... Hyde Park is a neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, located seven miles south of the Chicago Loop. ... 05/28/06 View of Hyde Park and Downtown. ... This article or section should include material from Cycle path debate Segregated cycle facilities may consist of a separate road, track, path or lane that is designated for use by cyclists and from which motorised traffic is generally excluded. ...

See also

Parks of Chicago Buckingham Fountain, donated to Chicago in 1927 by Kate Buckingham Anish Kapoors Cloud Gate (commonly known as The Bean) at Chicagos Millennium Park. ...

Notes

1. ^ BauerLatoza Update. Retrieved on March 13, 2007.
2. ^ ^{a b} Graf, John, Chicago's Parks Arcadia Publishing, 2000, p. 63., ISBN 0-7385-0716-4.
3. ^ Chicago Park District. Retrieved on March 13, 2007.
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Burnham Park Timeline. Retrieved on March 13, 2007.
5. ^ McClendon, Dennis, Encyclopedia of Chicago, "Chicago's Lakefront Landfill," p. 866, 2004, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-31015-9
6. ^ ^{a b c d} McClendon, Dennis (2005). Near South Side. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved on March 14, 2007.
7. ^ Burnham Park History. Retrieved on March 14, 2007.
8. ^ South Lake Shore Drive History. Retrieved on March 14, 2007.
9. ^ Switch Magazine. Retrieved on March 13, 2007.
10. ^ GapersBlock Update. Retrieved on March 15, 2007.
11. ^ BauerLatoza. Retrieved on March 13, 2007.
12. ^ ArchFilms. Retrieved on March 14, 2007.

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