The Burnt Church Crisis was a conflict between the Mi'kmaq people of the Burnt Church First Nation and non-Aboriginal New Brunswick fisheries, from 1999 to 2001. The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaq) are a First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. ... The Burnt Church First Nation (Mikmaq: Eskinuopitijk or Esgenoôpetitj) is a Mikmaq First Nation in New Brunswick, Canada, near the village of Neguac. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Official languages English, French Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 10 10 Area Total  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water    (% of total)  Ranked 11th 72 908 km² 71 450 km² 1 458 km... A lobster boat unloading its catch in Ilfracombe harbour, North Devon, England A fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing. ...

Supreme Court Ruling

As Indigenous people, Mi'kmaq have the right to catch lobster out of season. The non-Aboriginals claim that that if this is allowed lobster stocks (an important source of income) could be depleted. Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaq) are a First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. ... Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... The Traffic Light colour convention, showing the concept of Harvest Control Rule (HCR), specifying when a rebuilding plan is mandatory in terms of precautionary and limit reference points for spawning biomass and fishing mortality rate. ...

In September 1999, the Supreme Court of Canada ruling acknowledged that treaties from the 1770s ensured the right of Donald Marshall and other Mi'kmaq to fish out of season. The Supreme Court Building in Ottawa The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal for all litigants in the Canadian justice system. ...

Crisis

Angry non-Aboriginals damaged and destroyed a number of Mi'kmaq lobster traps in the weeks to come. Local Mi'kmaq retaliated by destroying non-Aboriginal fishing boats and buildings. A lobster trap (British English: lobster pot) is an effective way for fishermen to catch many lobsters at once when lobster fishing. ...

Government Minister Herb Dhaliwal and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans manged to sign fishing agreements with 29 of 34 Atlantic Coast bands but the Burnt Church First Nation was not convinced. The Canadian Government ordered the Mi'kmaq to reduce the total number of lobster traps used, leaving members of the Burnt Church First Nation with a total of 40 traps for the whole community. Some Mi'kmaq resisted this, claiming that they already have conservation methods in place to ensure the lobster stock would not be depleted off the Atlantic coast. Harbance Singh (Herb) Dhaliwal, PC , B.Comm (born December 12, 1952) is a Canadian politician. ... The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), also referred to as Fisheries and Oceans Canada, is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for the management and safety of Canadas waters. ... The Burnt Church First Nation (Mikmaq: Eskinuopitijk or Esgenoôpetitj) is a Mikmaq First Nation in New Brunswick, Canada, near the village of Neguac. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm (see Monarchy in Canada) with a federal system of parliamentary government, and strong democratic traditions. ... The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaq) are a First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. ... A lobster trap (British English: lobster pot) is an effective way for fishermen to catch many lobsters at once when lobster fishing. ... The Burnt Church First Nation (Mikmaq: Eskinuopitijk or Esgenoôpetitj) is a Mikmaq First Nation in New Brunswick, Canada, near the village of Neguac. ... Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ...

In 2000 and 2001, rising conflict led to a series of standoffs between police and Aboriginals, and a number of arrests were made. The federal government offered to pay for a two million dollar fishing wharf and five new fishing boats for the Mi'kmaq. The Natives rejected the offer, believing it could be interpreted as a surrender of their legal fishing rights. Carved mask in Vancouver First Nations is a term for ethnicity used in Canada to replace the word Indian. It refers to the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, who are not Inuit or Métis. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm (see Monarchy in Canada) with a federal system of parliamentary government, and strong democratic traditions. ...

Report

In April 2002, a Federal report on the crisis suggested that a number of police charges be dropped, fishermen should be compensated for damaged traps and boats. They also recommended, however, that First Nations fishermen should not be allowed to fish out of season, and should attain fishing licences like non-Aborigianl fishermen, despite their court-honoured treaty rights. Carved mask in Vancouver First Nations is a term for ethnicity used in Canada to replace the word Indian. It refers to the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, who are not Inuit or Métis. ...

See Also

• Oka Crisis
• Ipperwash Crisis
• Gustafsen Lake Standoff
• Caledonia Land Dispute

Pte. ... The Ipperwash Crisis was an crisis that occurred in Ipperwash Provincial Park, Ontario in 1995. ... // The current Caledonia land dispute came to wide public attention with a demonstration on February 28, 2006 to bring to attention to First Nation land claims in Ontario, Canada, and particularly a claim to land in Caledonia, Ontario, a community within the single-tier municipality of Haldimand County roughly 20...

References

• Canada in the Making - Aboriginal Political Agitation
• CBC Article - Burnt Church to vote on interim fishing deal]
• CBC Article - Dhaliwal takes tough line with Burnt Church protesters