NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bus route

A bus is a large automobile intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. The name is a shortened version of omnibus, which means "for everyone". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x1024, 293 KB) MAN G&S NL222, Vienna File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bus Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x1024, 293 KB) MAN G&S NL222, Vienna File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bus Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Driving is the controlled operation of a vehicle, which is usually a motor vehicle such as a truck, bus, or car. ...

History

The omnibus, the first organized public transit system, may have originated in Nantes, France in 1826, when a retired army officer who had built public baths on the city's edge set up a short stage line between the center of town and his baths. When he discovered that passengers were just as interested in getting off at intermediate points as in patronizing his baths, he shifted the stage line's focus. His new voiture omnibus ("carriage for all") combined the functions of the hired hackney carriage with the stagecoach that travelled a predetermined route from inn to inn, carrying passengers and mail. His omnibus featured wooden benches that ran down the sides of the vehicle; entry was from the rear. A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... For a place in Brazil, see Nantes, Brazil Nantes (Breton: Naoned) is a city in western France, near the Atlantic coast. ... In the United Kingdom, a hackney carriage is a taxicab licensed by the Public Carriage Office in London (for the area within the M25 motorway) or by the local authority (shire district councils or authorities) in other parts of England and Wales, by the Scottish Executive in Scotland, and by... Buffalo soldiers guard a Concord style stagecoach somewhere in the American West, ca. ...

Whether by direct emulation, or because the idea was in the air, by 1832 the idea had been copied in Paris, Bordeaux and Lyons. A London newspaper reported in July 4, 1829 that "the new vehicle, called the omnibus, commenced running this morning from Paddington to the City". This bus service was operated by George Shillibeer. A Routemaster bus This article is a general one on buses in London. ... George Shillibeer, born in London, England c. ...

In New York, omnibus service began in the same year, when Abraham Brower, an entrepreneur who had organized volunteer fire companies, established a route along Broadway starting at Bowling Green. Other American cities soon followed suit: Philadelphia in 1831, Boston in 1835 and Baltimore in 1844. In most cases, the city governments granted a private company—generally a small stableman already in the livery or freight-hauling business—an exclusive franchise to operate public coaches along a specified route. In return, the company agreed to maintain certain minimum levels of service—though one of these standards was not upholstery. The New York omnibus quickly moved into the urban consciousness. In 1831, New Yorker Washington Irving remarked of Britain's Reform Act (finally passed in 1832): "The great reform omnibus moves but slowly." Honore Daumier, The Omnibus, crayon and watercolor Walters Art Museum Baltimore This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Honore Daumier, The Omnibus, crayon and watercolor Walters Art Museum Baltimore This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... HonorÃ© Daumier (portrait by Nadar) HonorÃ© Daumier (1808 â€“ 1879) was a French caricaturist and painter. ... The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland is one of the finest small privately-formed art collections open to the public in the United States. ... // Lenape and New Netherland: Prehistory:1613-1664 Main article: History of New York City (prehistory-1664) Prehistory in the area began with the geological formation of the peculiar territory of what is today New York City. ... A view of Broadway in 1909 Broadway, as the name implies, is a wide avenue in New York City, and is the oldest north-south main thoroughfare in the city, dating to the first New Amsterdam settlement. ... Bowling Green, shown in a composite photograph taken from the steps of the U.S. Custom House looking north along Broadway. ... A livery is a uniform worn by a civilian person. ... Washington Irving Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 â€“ November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... The Reform Act of 1832 (known also as the Great Reform Act and The Parliamentary Reform Act 1832) introduced wide-ranging changes to electoral franchise legislation in the United Kingdom. ...

The omnibus had many repercussions for society, particularly in that it encouraged urbanization. Socially, the omnibus put city-dwellers, even if for only half an hour, into previously-unheard-of physical intimacy with strangers, squeezing them together knee-to-knee (illustration, left). Only the very poor remained excluded. A new division in urban society now came to the fore, dividing those who kept carriages from those who did not. The idea of the "carriage trade", the folk who never set foot in the streets, who had goods brought out from the shops for their appraisal, has its origins in the omnibus crush.

The omnibus also extended the reach of the North Atlantic post-Georgian, post-Federal city. The walk from the former village of Paddington to the business heart of London in the "City" was a brisk one for a young man in good condition. The omnibus offered the nearer suburbs more access to the inner city. Central Pavilion, Tontine Crescent, 1793-1794, by Charles Bulfinch Federal style architecture occurred in the United States between 1780 and 1830, particularly from 1785 to 1815. ... Paddington is an area in the west of London in the City of Westminster. ...

More intense urbanization was to follow. Within a very few years, the New York omnibus had a rival in the streetcar: the first streetcar ran along The Bowery, which offered the excellent improvement in amenity of riding on smooth iron rails rather than clattering over granite setts, called "Belgian blocks". The new streetcars were financed by John Mason, a wealthy banker, and built by an Irish contractor, John Stephenson. The streetcars would become even more centrally important than the omnibus in the future of urbanization. TW2000 car in Hanover Volkswagen Cargo-Tram in Dresden on a section of grassed track. ... The Bowery is a very well-known street in Manhattan that more or less marks the boundary between Chinatown and Little Italy on one side and the Lower East Side on the other — running from Chatham Square in the south to Astor Place in the north. ... Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ...

When motorized transport proved successful after c. 1905, a motorized omnibus was for a time sometimes called an autobus. Image File history File links Zzz-1stBus. ... Image File history File links Zzz-1stBus. ... Netphen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in Siegen-Wittgenstein district. ...

Buses began to replace streetcars in the U.S. because of a continuing series of technical improvements: pneumatic "balloon" tires during the early 1920s, monocoque body construction in 1931, automatic transmission in 1936, the diesel-engine bus in 1936, the first acceptable 50+ passenger bus in 1948, and the first buses with air suspension in 1953. ^[1]

Bus services were a focal point in the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. In the period after the American Civil War ended in 1865, racial segregation in public accommodations, including public transport such as rail and bus services, was enforced through Black Codes and Jim Crow laws. These were made to prevent African-Americans from doing things that a white person could do. For instance, Jim Crow laws required bus drivers to enforce separate seating sections. These laws and enforcement varied among communities and states. In 1955, after a long day of work, Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a public bus, bringing attention to the injustice of differential and degrading treatment based solely upon race. This incident, boycotts of bus services, other protests, and court challenges led a U.S. Supreme Court ruling banning segregation on public buses and helped lead the U.S. Congress to the pass the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act which clarified the unconstitutionality of public racial segregation laws. The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all citizens of United States. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederate) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties Killed in action: 110,000 Total dead: 360,000 Wounded: 275,200 Killed in action: 93,000 Total dead: 258... The Rex Theatre for Colored People, Leland, Mississippi, June 1937 This entry is related to, but not included in the Political ideologies series or one of its sub-series. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... The Black Codes were laws passed to restrict civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans, particularly former slaves. ... Jim Crow may refer to: Jim Crow, the title character of the song Jump Jim Crow, performed by Thomas D. Rice beginning in 1828; The Jim Crow laws of the United States used to enforce racial segregation; Jim Crow, a character from the 1941 film Dumbo named for the Rice... For general discussion of dark-skinned people, see Black people. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 â€“ October 24, 2005) was an African American seamstress and civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress dubbed the Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement. Parks is famous for her refusal on December 1, 1955 to obey bus driver James Blake... Montgomery skyline from the banks of the Alabama River Montgomery is the capital of the U.S. state of Alabama. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ... (Redirected from 1964 Civil Rights Act) President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ...

In some areas of the United States, a forced busing system has been used to achieve racial desegregation of public schools. Under such a busing plan, children do not necessarily go to the nearest school geographically, but to such a public school in the same district where there is an appropriate mix of racial diversity. Desegregation busing, sometimes referred to as forced busing by some, is the concept of achieving racial or economic integration in American public schools by transporting schoolchildren to schools outside their area of residence. ... Desegregation is the process of ending racial segregation, most commonly used in reference to the United States. ...

Types of bus service

Buses are an intrinsic part of everyday life, and play an important part in the social fabric of many countries. Many urban public transportation systems rely on a bus network to provide services. The largest single city bus fleet in North America is in New York City. A cycle rickshaw at rest in Manhattan. ...

Bus services can generally be categorized into several different categories. Local transit buses provide public transit within a city or one or more counties. Intercity and interstate busses provide transit specifically between cities, towns, rural areas, as well as between states. They generally provide far less stops then would be found on local bus routes. Greyhound Bus Lines and Trailways Transportation System are examples of interstate bus systems. Some local transit systems offer some intercity bus lines that provide transit from one city or town they service to nearby city or town served by another transit agency. Intercity bus services have become an important travel connection to smaller towns and rural areas that do not have airports or train service. A new phenomenon in intercity bus travel has been the Chinatown bus. A Romanian InterCity train, run by Romanian Railways, at Arad station in May 2003 InterCity is a name for the inter-city rail services in Europe. ... Greyhound Lines is the largest intercity common carrier of passengers by bus in North America, serving 2200 destinations in the United States. ... The Trailways Transportation System is a group of 63 independent bus companies that have entered into a franchise agreement. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ... Passengers waiting at the Fung Wah Lines ticket window on Canal Street and the Bowery in Manhattan A 2000 Coach bus in NYC, August 2004 Chinatown bus lines, also known as dragon buses, refers to the private transportation industry that has arisen in the Chinatown communities of the East Coast...

Some public transit bus systems offer express bus service in addition to local bus lines. While local lines provide frequent stops along a route, express lines make far fewer stops in order to speed up the travel time between key destinations on the route. For example, an express bus line may provide speedier service between a local airport and the downtown area of a nearby city.

Shuttle bus service provide transit service between two destinations, such as an airport and city center. Shuttle bus services are often provided by colleges, airports, shopping areas, companies, and amusement destinations. Skytrain Bangkok. ...

Tour bus service provides transit for tourists to see of notable sites by bus. City tour busses often simply pass by the sights while a tour narrator describes them while longer distance tour busses generally allow for passengers to disembark at each sight. Some places have buses that resemble streetcars in order to attract tourists or for other appearance purposes. A similar phenomenon is Duck Tours, which uses amphibious DUKWs converted into buses/cruise boats for tour purposes. El Nido, Philippines Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of recreation and business, and the provision of services for this act. ... a historic postcard showing electric trolley-powered streetcars in Richmond, Virginia, where Frank J. Sprague successfully demonstrated his new system on the hills in 1888 A streetcar is a railway vehicle designed to carry passengers on tracks, usually laid in city streets. ... Insert non-formatted text here Duck boat tour in Boston A DUKW on a London tourist trip A DUKW on the Thames in London The DUKW, popularly called the DUCK, is a six-wheel-drive amphibious truck developed by the United States during World War II for transporting goods and...

School bus service provides transit to and from school for school students. Some private schools use school busses only for field trips or sports events. Some school systems, such as the San Francisco public school system, do not operate their own school bus system but instead rely on the local public transit bus system to provide transportation for the system. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Charter bus operators, provide busses with properly licensed bus drivers for hire. Alternate use, see charter airline, yacht charter, bare-boat charter or Charter Communications. ...

Miscellaneous

The usual plural of bus is "buses". "Busses" is sometimes used, but is also the plural of "buss", a dialectal word for "kiss" or a type of boat. Look up Plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ... A dialect (from the Greek word Î´Î¹Î¬Î»ÎµÎºÏ„Î¿Ï‚, dialektos) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ...

Contents

History

Types of bus service

Miscellaneous

See also

External links

References

Gallery of images

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Types of bus service

Miscellaneous

See also

External links

References

Gallery of images

History