Alice Springs Desert Park, Bush Tucker

The word Bushfood refers to any food native to Australia and used as sustenance by the original inhabitants, the Australian Aborigines, although it is sometimes used with the specific connotation of "food found in the Outback while living on the land". It is also called bush tucker. It includes both animal and plant foods native to Australia. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Languages Several hundred indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religions Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group names Indigenous... For other uses, see Outback (disambiguation). ... Food is any substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal for nutrition and/or pleasure. ...

Examples of Australian native animal foods (meats) include kangaroo, emu and crocodile. In particular, kangaroo is quite common and can be found in many normal supermarkets at prices comparable to beef. Other animals, for example goanna and witchetty grubs, were eaten by Aboriginal Australians and thus qualify as bushfood in every sense of the word. Fish and shellfish are culinary features of the Australian coastal communities. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Binomial name (Latham, 1790) The Emu has been recorded in the areas shown in black. ... Genera Mecistops Crocodylus Osteolaemus See full taxonomy. ... For other uses, see Goanna (disambiguation). ... Some witchetty grubs, ready to be eaten. ... Languages Several hundred indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religions Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group names Indigenous... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Cooked mussels Shellfish is a term used to describe shelled molluscs and crustaceans used as food. ...

Examples of Australian native plant foods include the fruits: quandong (Santalum acuminatum), Australian desert raisin (Solanum centrale), muntries (Kunzea pomifera), riberry (Syzygium luehmannii), Davidson's plum (Davidsonia spp.), and, Finger Lime (Citrus australasica). Native spices include lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), mountain pepper (Tasmannia lanceolata), and, aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum). A popular leafy vegetable is warrigal greens (Tetragonia tetragonoides). A Desert Quandong nut sitting on a piece of paperbark. ... Binomial name Solanum centrale J.M.Black Australian desert raisin (Solanum centrale) is a plant native to the more arid parts of Australia. ... Binomial name Kunzea pomifera // Background Muntries (Kunzea pomifera) are also known as emu apples, native cranberries, munthari, muntaberry or monterry [1] . Muntries are groundcovers found along the southern coast of Australia. ... Binomial name Syzygium luehmannii (F.Muell. ... Davidsonia is a genus containing three rainforest tree species, that are commonly known as the Davidson or Davidsons Plum. ... Binomial name Citrus australasica F. Muell. ... Scientific name: Backhousia Citriodora. ... Binomial name Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen Syzygium anisatum (formerly Backhousia anisata and Anetholea anisata), or Aniseed Myrtle, or Ringwood is an Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has a similar essential oil profile to true aniseed. ... Species About 50-60 species, including: Tetragonia angustifolia Tetragonia arbuscula Tetragonia copiapina Tetragonia coronata Tetragonia cristata Tetragonia crystallina Tetragonia decumbens Tetragonia diptera Tetragonia eremaea Tetragonia espinosae Tetragonia fruticosa Tetragonia herbacea Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia macrocarpa Tetragonia maritima Tetragonia ovata Tetragonia moore Tetragonia nigrescens Tetragonia pedunculata Tetragonia tetragonioides Tetragonia trigyna Tetragonia vestita...

Nuts include bunya nut (Araucaria bidwillii), and the most identifiable bushfood plant harvested and sold in large scale commercial quantities is the macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia). Binomial name Araucaria bidwillii (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria bidwillii is a species in the genus Araucaria, family Araucariaceae. ... Species Macadamia claudiensis Macadamia grandis Macadamia hildebrandii Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia jansenii Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia tetraphylla Macadamia whelanii Macadamia is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species) and Indonesia (Sulawesi; one species, ). Macadamia integrifolia flowers They...

Knowledge of Aboriginal uses of fungi is meagre but Fistulina hepatica and Native bread (Laccocephalum mylittiae) were certainly eaten. Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... ...

Traditional Aboriginal use

Australian Aborigines have eaten native animal and plant foods for an estimated 60,000 years of human habitation on the Australian continent (see Indigenous Australian food groups, Australian Aboriginal sweet foods). Aboriginal Flag Australian Aborigines is a name used to collectively describe most of the indigenous peoples of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... Indigenous Australian peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. ... Australian Aborigines had many ways to source sweet foods. ...

Various traditional methods of processing and cooking are used. Toxic seeds, such as Cycad (Cycas media) and Moreton Bay Chestnut (Castanospermum australe) are processed to remove the toxins and render them safe to eat. Many foods are also baked in the hot campfire coals, or baked for several hours in ground ovens. ‘Paperbark’, the bark of Melaleuca species, is widely used for wrapping food placed in ground ovens. Bush bread was made by women using many types of seeds, nuts and corms to process a flour or dough to make bread. Families Cycadaceae cycas family Stangeriaceae stangeria family Zamiaceae zamia family Leaves and male cone of Cycas revoluta Cycads are an ancient group of seed plants characterized by a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk. ... The plant genus Melaleuca is part of the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae) and presently contains about 170 species. ... Species 236; see List of Melaleuca species Melaleuca is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. ... Aboriginal millstone - vital in making flour or pastes for bread. ...

Aboriginal traditional native food use has been severely impacted by non-indigenous immigration since 1788, especially in the more densely colonised areas of south-eastern Australia. There, the availability of more abundant and reliable non-native foods to Aborigines has resulted in an almost complete abandonment of native foods by Aborigines. This impact on traditional foods has been further accentuated by the loss of traditional lands which has resulted in reduced access to native foods by Aborigines and destruction of native habitat for agriculture.

The recent recognition of the nutritional and gourmet value of native foods by non-indigenous Australians, is introducing native cuisine to many for the first time. However, there are unresolved intellectual property issues associated with the commercialisation of bushfood.

Colonial use

Bushfoods provided a source of nutrition to the non-indigenous colonial settlers, often supplementing meager rations. However, bushfoods were often considered to be inferior by colonists unfamiliar with the new land's food ingredients, generally preferring familiar foods from the homeland.

In the 19th Century eminent English botanist, J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants in Flora of Tasmania, remarked although "eatable," are not "fit to eat". In 1889, botanist Joseph Maiden reiterated this sentiment with the comment on native food plants "nothing to boast of as eatables." ^[1] The first monograph to be published on the flora of Australia reported the lack of edible plants on the first page, where it presented Billardiera scandens as, "... almost the only wild eatable fruit of the country".^[2] THE ENTIRE SOURCE OF THIS MATERIAL IS FROM A DIFFERENT WEBSITE. Introduction. ... Joseph Henry Maiden (25 April 1859–16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the Eucalyptus genus. ... Eucalypt woodlands in Victoria. ... Binomial name Sm. ...

This became the accepted view of Australian native food plants until the late 20th Century. It is thought that these early assessments were a result of encountering strong flavours not generally suitable for out-of-hand eating, but these strong flavours are now highly regarded for culinary use.

The only Australian native food developed and cropped on a large scale is the macadamia nut, with the first small-scale commercial plantation being planted in Australia in the 1880s. Subsequently, Hawaii was where the macadamia was commercially developed to its greatest extent from stock imported from Australia. Species Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia tetraphylla The macadamia nut is the fruit of a tree native to the east coast of Australia. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ...

Modern use

In the 1970s non-indigenous Australians began to recognise the previously over-looked indigenous aspects of Australia, including native foods. Textbooks like Wildfoods In Australia by the botanist couple, Cribb & Cribb were popular and later the author Tim Low published Wild Food Plants of Australia. Jenifer Isaacs is the author of Bushfood, and Vic Cherikoff wrote The Bushfood Handbook. Tim Low is a popular Australian author of articles and books on plants and the environment. ... Vic Cherikoff is regarded as an authority on Australian native foods and is a pioneer of the Australian native foods industry, having been involved in the selection and commercialization of many of the 35 or so indigenous Australian plant foods and spices now in the market place. ...

In the late 1970s horticulturists started to assess native food-plants for commercial use. In 1980 South Australia legalised the sale of kangaroo meat for human consumption. In the 1980s analysis of bushfoods for Aboriginal health showed that some bushfoods were exceptionally nutritious. In the mid-1980s several Sydney restaurants began using native Australian ingredients in recipes more familiar to non-indigenous tastes. This provided the first opportunity for bushfoods to be tried by non-indigenous Australians on a serious gourmet level, and led to the realisation that many strongly flavoured native food plants have spice-like qualities. Some of these bushfood ingredients now feature in modern Australian cuisine, and Australian spices are being increasingly recognised internationally. Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  1,558,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Kangaroo is a meat from any of the three species of Kangaroo. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... A gourmet is a person with a sensitive and discriminating palate, and who is knowledgeable in fine food and drink or haute cuisine. ... For other uses, see Spice (disambiguation). ... Australian spices are traditionally used by Aboriginals, especially to flavour food in ground ovens. ...

Processed food and dried food products made from native ingredients were also developed for the domestic and export markets. The raw ingredients were initially sourced from the wild and more recently cultivated using largely organic methods with an emphasis on maintaining sustainable quantities from both sources. Many Aboriginal communities continue to be involved in the supply chain and in investigating other socially and culturally appropriate opportunities. Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage to prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, texture and flavor. ... A whole potato, sliced pieces (right), and dried sliced pieces (left) Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the food, which prevents the growth of microorganisms and decay. ... Forests on San Juan Island in Washington. ...

The term "bushfood" is one of several terms describing native Australian food, evolving from the older-style "bushtucker" which was used in the 1970s and 1980s. The word "bushfood" was chosen to reflect the sustainable nature of the industry's products, and to help exporters with product branding. The term "authentic Australian food" is another marketing term recently coined to create further separation from the more rustic bush connotations, although "bushfood" is the most established and widespread term that describes native Australian food.

Bushfood in Media

TV shows made use of the bushfood theme. Malcolm Douglas was one of the first presenters to show how to 'live off the land' in the Australian Outback. Major Les Hiddins, a retired Australian Army soldier popularized the idea of bush tucker as an interesting food resource. He presented a hit TV series called Bush Tucker Man on the ABC TV network in the late 1980s. In the series, Hiddins demonstrated his research for Norforce in identifying foods which might sustain or augment army forces in the northern Australian Outback. Malcolm Douglas (born 1941) was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. ... Les Hiddins aka The Bush Tucker Man is a retired Australian Army Major, who had a hit TV series in Australia. ... The Australian Army is Australias military land force. ... The ABC or Australian Broadcasting Corporation is the national, Australia. ...

Native Australian food-plants listed by culinary province and plant part

Australian bushfood plants can be divided into several distinct and large regional culinary provinces. Please note, some species listed grow across several climatic boundaries.

Top-end

Monsoonal zone of the Northern Territory, Cape York and Western Australia.

Fruits

Binomial name L. Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as Great morinda, Indian mulberry, Beach mulberry, Tahitian Noni, or since recently: Noni (from Hawaiian), Nono (in Tahitian), Mengkudu (from Malay), Nonu (in Tongan), and Ach (in Hindi), is a shrub or small tree in the family Rubiaceae. ... Binomial name Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell Terminalia ferdinandiana, also called the Gubinge, billygoat or Kakadu plum or Murunga, is a flowering plant in the family Combretaceae, native to Australia, widespread throughout the tropical woodlands from northwestern Australia to eastern Arnhem Land. ...

Vegetables

Aboriginal millstone - vital in making flour or pastes for bread. ... For Yolngu language see Yolngu Matha. ... Look up lotus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Species Nelumbo lutea (American Lotus) Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Nelumbo is a genus of water flowers commonly known as lotus (Hindi: कमल) and the only genus in the family Nelumbonaceae. ... Species About 50 species, including: Nymphaea alba- European White Water-lily Nymphaea amazonium Nymphaea ampla Nymphaea blanda Nymphaea caerulea- Egyptian Blue Water-lily Nymphaea calliantha Nymphaea candida Nymphaea capensis- Cape Blue Water-lily Nymphaea citrina Nymphaea colorata Nymphaea elegans Nymphaea fennica Nymphaea flavovirens Nymphaea gardneriana Nymphaea gigantea- Australian Water-lily...

Nuts

Spices

Binomial name Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ...

Central Australia

Arid and semi-arid zones of the low rainfall interior.

Fruits

Trinomial name Capparis spinosa ssp. ... Binomial name Capparis mitchelii Wild orange, is an Australian native plant. ... Trinomial name Capparis spinosa ssp. ... Binomial name Carissa lanceolata Bush plum, is an Australian native plant. ... Binomial name Citrus glauca (Lindl. ... Binomial name Marsdenia australis Bush banana, is an Australian native plant. ... Binomial name Marsdenia australis Bush banana, is an Australian native plant. ... Binomial name Santalum acuminatum A.DC. Quandong (alternative spelling Quongdong, also called wild peach or desert peach) is the name given to three kinds of Australian wild bush plants (or bushtucker), of which two belong to the sandalwood genus (Santalum): Desert quandong, sweet quandong, or native peach (Santalum acuminatum). ... Binomial name J.M.Black Australian desert raisin (Solanum centrale) is a plant native to the more arid parts of Australia. ... Binomial name Solanum ellipticum Solanum cleistogarnum J.M.Black Bush tomato (Solanum ellipticum and Solanum cleistogarnum) are plants native to the more arid parts of Australia. ... Binomial name Solanum ellipticum Solanum cleistogarnum J.M.Black Bush tomato (Solanum ellipticum and Solanum cleistogarnum) are plants native to the more arid parts of Australia. ... Binomial name Solanum ellipticum Solanum cleistogarnum J.M.Black Bush tomato (Solanum ellipticum and Solanum cleistogarnum) are plants native to the more arid parts of Australia. ... Binomial name Solanum ellipticum Solanum cleistogarnum J.M.Black Bush tomato (Solanum ellipticum and Solanum cleistogarnum) are plants native to the more arid parts of Australia. ...

Vegetables

Binomial name Ipomoea costata Bush potato, is an Australian native plant. ... Binomial name Vigna lanceolata Pencil yam, is an Australian native plant. ...

Spices

Binomial name Eucalyptus polybractea R. Baker The Blue mallee, or Blue-leaved mallee (Eucalyptus polybractea) is a small multi-trunked sclerophyll tree that grows naturally in western New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. ...

Seeds

Binominal name Acacia aneura In botany, a Mulga (Acacia aneura) is a shrub or small tree native to arid outback Australia. ... Binomial name Acacia tetragonophylla F.Muell. ... Binomial name Acacia victoriae Benth. ... Kurrujong Villiage - NSW Australia Kurrujong is a small village located to the North West of Sydney, the largest city in NSW. It is located on Bells Line of Road near the town of Richmond and has a population of around 1000 people. ... Binomial name Portulaca oleracea L. Purslane, also known as Little Hogweed or Pusley, is an annual succulent in the Portulacaceae family. ...

Insects in gall

Bush coconut The Bush coconut, is an Australian bush tucker food, often eaten by Aborigines of Central Australia. ...

Mulga apple The mulga apple, is an Australian bush tucker food, often eaten by Aborigines of Central Australia. ...

Eastern Australia

Subtropical rainforests of New South Wales to the wet tropics of Northern Queensland.

Fruit

Binomial name Acronychia acidula F. Muell. ... Binomial name Citrus australasica F. Muell. ... Binomial name Citrus australasica F. Muell. ... This Tree of Life article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Binomial name Eupomatia laurina R. Br. ... Binomial name Podocarpus elatus R.Br. ... Binomial name Syzygium luehmannii (F.Muell. ...

Vegetable

Spices

Scientific name: Backhousia Citriodora. ... Binomial name Backhousia myrtifolia Hook. ... Binomial name Prostanthera incisa R. Br. ... Binomial name Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffen Syzygium anisatum (formerly Backhousia anisata and Anetholea anisata), or Aniseed Myrtle, or Ringwood is an Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has a similar essential oil profile to true aniseed. ...

Nut

Binomial name (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria bidwillii is a species in the genus Araucaria, family Araucariaceae. ... Species Macadamia claudiensis Macadamia grandis Macadamia hildebrandii Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia jansenii Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia tetraphylla Macadamia whelanii Macadamia is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species) and Indonesia (Sulawesi; one species, ). Macadamia integrifolia flowers They... Sterculia quadrifida is a peanut tree. ...

Temperate

Warm and cool temperate zones of southern Australia, including Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria and the highlands of New South Wales.

Fruit

Binomial name Sm. ... Binomial name Kunzea pomifera Muntries (Kunzea pomifera) are also known as emu apples, native cranberries, munthari, muntaberry or monterry [1] . Muntries are low-growing plants found along the southern coast of Australia. ... Binomial name Kunzea pomifera // Background Muntries (Kunzea pomifera) are also known as emu apples, native cranberries, munthari, muntaberry or monterry [1] . Muntries are groundcovers found along the southern coast of Australia. ...

Seed

Binomial name Acacia longifolia (Andr. ... Binomial name Acacia phlebophylla H.B.Will. ...

Spice

Binomial name Eucalyptus dives Schauer Eucalyptus dives or broad-leaved peppermint is a small tree native to temperate dry sclerophyll woodlands and forests of south-eastern Australia. ... Binomial name Eucalyptus olida L.A.S.Johnson & K.D. Hill Eucalyptus olida, Strawberry Gum is a medium-sized tree restricted to sclerophyll woodlands on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, in Eastern Australia. ... Binomial name Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ... Binomial name Prostanthera rotundifolia R.Br. ... Species (not a complete list) Tasmannia is a genus of woody, evergreen flowering plants of the family Winteraceae. ... Binomial name Tasmannia stipitata (Vick. ...

Vegetable

See also

• Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
• Bush bread
• Bushfood industry history
• Bushmeat, something quite different
• Bush medicine
• Indigenous Australian food groups

Australian Aborigines had many ways to source sweet foods. ... Aboriginal millstone - vital in making flour or pastes for bread. ... The modern Australian native food industry, also called the bushfood industry had its initial beginnings in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when regional enthusiasts and researchers started to target local native species for cropping. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Bush medicine is the term used in Australia by Aboriginal people to describe their traditional medicinal knowledge and practices. ... Indigenous Australian peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. ...

External links

• Aboriginal Australia
• Australian Bushfood and Native Medicine Forum
• Aboriginal women's knowledge
• CSIRO plant profiles [1]
• Site of an industry pioneer
• Bushfoods Magazine
• Eat Australia
• Food Standards website

Languages Several hundred indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religions Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group names Indigenous... This List of Indigenous Australian group names contains names and collective designations which have been applied, either formerly or in the past, to groups of Indigenous Australians. ... The Torres Strait Islander Flag. ... Numerous Indigenous Australians have been notable for their contributions to politics, including participation in governments and activism in Australia. ... Numerous Indigenous Australians and noted sportspeople. ... Numerous Indigenous Australians are noted for their participation in, and contributions to, the visual arts in Australia and abroad. ... // Mark Bin Bakar -- actor & comedian Stephen Page Frances Rings Kylie Belling -- actor Ernie Dingo -- actor and television presenter Stan Grant (journalist) television presenter David Gulpilil -- actor Tom E. Lewis -- actor, musician Deborah Mailman -- actor Leah Purcell -- actor Everlyn Sampi -- actor Justine Saunders -- actor Caitlin Stasey -- actor Ivan Sen -- filmmaker Robert... Numerous Indigenous Australians are notable for their contributions to Australian literature and journalism. ... This is a list of Indigenous Australian musicians. ... Aboriginal Australia contains a large number of tribal divisions and language groups, and, corresponding to this, a wide variety of diversity exists within cultural practices. ... Dreaming is a common term among Indigenous Australians for a personal, or group, creation story and for the mythological time of creation, as well as for the places where the creation spirits now lie dormant in the land. ... opens chapter nine of The Dreaming Universe (1994) entitled The Dreamtime with a quote from The Last Wave, a film by Peter Weir: Aboriginals believe in two forms of time. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Australian Aboriginal kinship is the system of law governing social interaction, particularly marriage, in traditional Aboriginal culture. ... Australian Aboriginal avoidance practices refers to those relationships in traditional Aboriginal society where certain people were required to avoid others in their family or clan. ... Indigenous Australians had distinct ways of dividing the year up. ... Australian Aboriginal enumeration refers to the way some Australian Aborigines traditionally counted. ... Marn Grook (also spelt marngrook) is an Australian Aboriginal ball game, which is claimed to have had an influence on the modern game of Australian rules football, most notably in the spectacular jumping and high marking exhibited by the players of both games. ... Kurdaitcha (or kurdaitcha man) is a ritual executioner in Aboriginal Australian culture. ... Many of the Australian Aboriginal cultures have a strong element of astronomy. ... Songlines - the British based world music magazine featuring the greatest artists in the current music scene on the web at [Songlines http://www. ... A message stick is a form of communication traditionally used by Indigenous Australians. ... The Deadlys are an annual celebration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander achievement in music, sport, entertainment and community. ... NAIDOC National Aboriginal Islander Day Observance Committee ... A Bora is the name given both to an initiation ceremony of Indigenous Australians, and to the site on which the initiation is performed. ... The Outstation movement refers to the relocation of Indigenous Australians from towns to remote outposts on traditional tribal land. ... Riji are the pearl shells traditionally worn by Aboriginal men in the north-west part of Australia, around present day Broome. ... This List of Indigenous Australian group names contains names and collective designations which have been applied, either formerly or in the past, to groups of Indigenous Australians. ... The Pama-Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian languages. ... Many Australian Aboriginal cultures have or traditionally had a sign language counterpart to their spoken language. ... 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The National Indigenous Council is an appointed advisory body to the Australian Government through the Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs. ... The Aborigines Advancement League (also known as the Aboriginal Advancement League) is the oldest Aboriginal organisation in Australia[1]. It is primarily concerned with Aboriginal welfare issues and the preservation of Aboriginal culture and heritage, and is based in Melbourne. ... Bush Tucker is a colloquial Australian term for any food native to Australia and eaten before European colonisation. ... Bush medicine is the term used in Australia by Aboriginal people to describe their traditional medicinal knowledge and practices. ... Aboriginal millstone - vital in making flour or pastes for bread. ... Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft refers to the various ways Australian Aborigines created fibres traditionally. ... A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in Australian deserts. ... A 19th century engraving showing Aboriginal people and humpy. ... Sewn and incised possum-skin cloak of Wurundjeri origin (Melbourne Museum) Possum-skin cloaks were a form of clothing worn by Australian Aborigines in the south-east of the continent – present-day Victoria and southern New South Wales. ... Buka, or Boka, is the name for the cloak traditionally worn by Noongar people, the Indigenous people of south-western Australia. ... Indigenous Australian peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. ... Australian Aborigines had many ways to source sweet foods. ... Fire-stick farming is a term coined by Australian archeologist Rhys Jones in 1969 to describe the practice of Indigenous Australians where fire was used regularly to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. ... The woomera in this picture is the wooden object at left A woomera is an Australian Aboriginal spear-throwing device. ... This article is about the wooden implement. ... The coolamon in this picture is at top left. ... A Waddy is an Australian Aboriginal war club. ... Spinifex (Triodia) plant Spinifex resin refers to the gum traditionally made by Australian Aborigines by burning the Spinifex plant and extracting its resin. ... Aboriginal hollowed log coffin Indigenous Australian art is art produced by Indigenous Australians, covering works that pre-date European colonisation as well as contemporary art by Aboriginal Australians based on traditional culture. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Papunya Tula, or Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd, is an artists cooperative, formed in 1972 to market the paintings of a group of Aboriginal Australian men who had begun painting traditional designs using western art materials at the Papunya settlement, 240 km northwest of Alice Springs in Central Australia in... Indigenous Australian music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, who are collectively called Indigenous Australians; it incorporates a wide variety of distinctive traditional music styles practised by Indigenous Australian peoples, as well as a range of contemporary musical styles both derivative of and fusion with European... Aboriginal rock is a rather nebulous term for a style of music which mixes traditional rock music elements (guitar, drums, bass etc) with the instrumentation of Indigenous Australians (Didjeridu, clap-sticks etc). ... A didgeridoo. ... Vibe Australia Pty Ltd (Vibe) is an Aboriginal media, communications and events management agency. ... The National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award (NATSIAA) is one of the most prestigious art awards in Australia. ... The prehistory of Australia is a term which may be used to describe the period of approximately 40-45,000 years (or more, as is contended by some studies) between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the first definitive sighting of Australia by Europeans in 1606, which... // A 19th century engraving of an Indigenous Australian encampment, showing the indigenous mode of life in the cooler parts of Australia at the time of European settlement. ... Some Indigenous Australians are remembered in history for leadership prior to European colonisation, some for their resistance to that colonisation, others for assisting Europeans explore the country. ... The Aboriginal History of Western Australia is the history of the indigenous inhabitants of the western third of the Australian continent, from their own perspective. ... The 1946 Pilbara strike was a landmark strike by Indigenous Australian pastoral workers in the Pilbara region of Western Australia for human rights recognition and payment of fair wages and working conditions. ... Shows location of Gurindji (blue, near top left) in the Northern Territory The Gurindji Strike lasted from 1966 to 1975 at Wave Hill cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia. ... This is a list of massacres of Indigenous Australians. ... Umbarra, King Merriman, from the Djirringanj of Bermagui with King plate King plates were a form of regalia used chiefly in pre-Federation Australia by white colonial authorities to recognise local Aboriginal leaders. ... Proclamation of the Day of Mourning. ... The Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra has existed intermittently since 1972. ... The Caledon bay crisis refers to a series of killings in Caledon Bay in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1932-1934. ... From as early as the 1830s, a Native Police Corps was established in the Australian colony of New South Wales (now Victoria). ... Proclamation of the Day of Mourning. ... The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) (1990–2005) was the Australian Government body through which Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders were formally involved in the processes of government affecting their lives. ... The Pintupi Nine refers to a group of nine Pintupi people who were discovered living a traditional semi-nomadic desert-dwelling life in the Gibson Desert in 1984. ... A picture of the last four Tasmanian Aborigines c. ... Portrayal of The taking of the children on the Great Australian Clock, Queen Victoria Building, Sydney The Stolen Generation (or Stolen Generations) is a term used to describe the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, usually of mixed descent who were taken from their families, under the rationale of... Native title is a concept in the law of Australia that recognises the continued ownership of land by local Indigenous Australians. ... Petrol sniffing is a form of substance abuse where a person deliberately inhales petrol fumes for the intoxicating effect. ... The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (1987-1991) investigated allegations of murder of Australian Aboriginals in prison. ...

References

1. ^ Maiden, J.H., The Useful Native Plants of Australia, 1889, p.1
2. ^ Smith, J E [1793]. Spec. Bot. New Holland. James Sowerby. “AMID all the beauty and variety which the vegetable productions of New Holland display in such profusion, there has not yet been discovered a proportionable degree of usefulness to mankind, at least with respect to food.” 

• Bruneteau, Jean-Paul, Tukka, Real Australian Food, ISBN 0-207-18966-8.
• Cherikoff, Vic, The Bushfood Handbook, ISBN 0-7316-6904-5.
• Issacs, Jennifer, Bushfood, Weldons, Sydney.
• Kersh, Jennice and Raymond, Edna's Table, ISBN 0-7336-0539-7.
• Low, Tim, Wild Food Plants of Australia, ISBN-13: 978-0207143830