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Bushrangers, or bush rangers, were outlaws in the early years of the European settlement of Australia who had the survival skills necessary to use the Australian bush as a refuge to hide from the authorities. For other senses of this word, see outlaw (disambiguation). ... // Following the loss of the American Colonies, Britain needed to find alternative destinations that could take the population of its overcrowded prisons. ... For other uses, see Bush. ...

They were roughly analogous to British "highwaymen" and American "Western outlaws," and their crimes often included robbing small-town banks or coach services. An analogy is a comparison between two different things, in order to highlight some form of similarity. ... Folk image of a mounted highwayman Highwayman was a term used particularly in Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries to describe robbers who targeted people traveling by stagecoach and other modes of transport along public highways. ... This is a list of known outlaws and others of the American frontier popularly known as the Wild West. Because many of those listed have been wanted by authorities at one time or another such as former horse thief Wyatt Earp or Marshal turned outlaw Burt Alvord they have been...

The term "bushranger" evolved to refer to those who abandoned social rights and privileges to take up "robbery under arms" as a way of life, using the bush as their base.^[1] Robbery is the crime of seizing property through violence or intimidation. ...

The term "bushranger"

The use of the word "bushranger" evolved in Australia in the early 19th Century. The first recorded use of the term was in February 1805, when the Sydney Gazette mentioned that a cart had been stopped by three men "whose appearance sanctioned the suspicion of their being bushrangers". From this time onwards, the term was used to denote criminals who attacked people on the roads or in the bush. John Bigge described bushranging in 1821 as "absconding in the woods and living upon plunder and the robbery of orchards." Charles Darwin likewise recorded in 1835 that a bushranger was "an open villain who subsists by highway robbery, and will sooner be killed than taken alive".^[2] In Tasmania, escaped convicts who became bushrangers were known as "bolters".^[3] The Sydney Gazette was the first published newspaper in Australia. ... John Thomas Bigge (1780 - 1843) was an English judge. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle Motto(s): Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Constitutional monarchy Governor William Cox Premier Paul Lennon (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 5  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product...

History

More than 2000 bushrangers are believed to have roamed the Australian countryside, beginning with the convict bolters and drawing to a close after Ned Kelly's last stand at Glenrowan.^[4] For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... Glenrowan is a small town located in the Benalla Local Government Area of Victoria, Australia. ...

Convict bolters, 1788 to 1840s

Bushranger was originally used to describe predatory escaped convicts fleeing from the early Australian penal colonies. Most turned to stealing supplies from remote settlements and travellers and fencing the stolen goods to other free settlers. A studio photograph of Tasmanian convict Bill Thompson, showing the convict uniform and the use of leg irons. ... A penis colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the states (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm. ... Theft (also known as stealing) is, in general, the wrongful taking of someone elses property without that persons willful consent. ... In law enforcement, a fence is an individual who knowingly buys stolen property for later resale in a (usually) legitimate market. ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ...

John "Black" Caesar is generally regarded as the first bushranger.^[4] He bolted from Sydney Cove several times before being shot dead in 1796. John Caesar (1764 – February 15, 1796), nicknamed Black Caesar, was the first Australian bushranger and one of the first black people to arrive during British colonization of the continent as a penal colony. ...

Bold Jack Donahue is recorded as the last convict bushranger.^[4] He was reported in newspapers around 1827 as being responsible for an outbreak of bushranging on the road between Sydney and Windsor. Throughout the 1830s he was regarded as the most notorious bushranger in the colony.^[5] Leading a band of escaped convicts, Donahoe became central to Australian folklore as the Wild Colonial Boy.^[4] Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Windsor is a town in New South Wales, Australia. ...

Bushranging was common on the mainland, but Van Diemen's Land produced the most violent and serious outbreaks of convict bushrangers.^[4] Hundreds of convicts were at large in the bush, farms were abandoned and martial law was proclaimed. Indigenous outlaw Musquito defied colonial authorities and led attacks on settlers. 1663 map of Van Diemens Land, showing the parts discovered by Tasman, including Storm Bay, Maria Island and Schouten Island. ... Musquito (1780?–February 25, 1825) was an Aboriginal bushranger based in Tasmania. ...

Golden age, 1850s

The bushrangers' heyday was the Gold Rush years of the 1850s and 1860s as the discovery of gold gave bushrangers access to great wealth that was portable and easily converted to cash. Their task was assisted by the isolated location of the goldfields and a police force decimated by troopers abandoning their duties to join the gold rush.^[4] The Victorian gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria in Australia between approximately 1851 and the early 1860s. ...

George Melville was hanged in front of a large crowd for robbing the McIvor gold escort near Castlemaine in 1853.^[4] Castlemaine (IPA: /ˈkæsəlmæɪn/; note the Flat A rather than a Broad A) is a town in Victoria, Australia, in the Midlands region about 120 kilometres northwest by road from Melbourne, and about 40 kilometres from the major provincial centre of Bendigo. ...

Wild colonial boys, 1860s to 1870s

Bushranging numbers flourished in New South Wales with the rise of the colonial-born sons of poor, often ex-convict squatters who were drawn to a more glamourous life than mining or farming.^[4] NSW redirects here. ...

Much of the activity in this era was in the Lachlan Valley, around Forbes, Yass and Cowra.^[4] The Lachlan River is a significant river in central New South Wales, Australia. ... For other uses, see Forbes (disambiguation). ... Yass can refer to a number of things: Catherine Yass - a painter Yass, New South Wales - a town in Australia Yass Valley Council a local government area (shire) in New South Wales Jass - a card game yass (music) - a style in polish jazz music from 80. ... Cowra is a town and Local Government Area in the central west of New South Wales, Australia. ...

Frank Gardiner, John Gilbert and Ben Hall led the most notorious gangs of the period. Other active bushrangers included Dan Morgan, based in the Murray River, and Captain Thunderbolt, killed outside Uralla.^[4] Frank Gardiner (Born 1829, Rosshire Scotland - Died c. ... John Gilbert was an Australian Bushranger shot dead at the age of 25 near Binalong, New South Wales in 1865. ... For the actor, see Ben Hall (actor). ... John Fuller (aka Dan Morgan) was an Australian bushranger. ... For other uses, see Murray River (disambiguation). ... Frederick Ward Frederick Wordsworth Ward (aka Captain Thunderbolt) (1833–25 May 1870) was an Australian bushranger renowned for escaping from Cockatoo Island with the help of his wife Mary Ann Bugg, and for committing over 200 crimes over six and a half years across the northern section of the state... Uralla is a small town and a Local Government Area (Uralla Shire) in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia Uralla is located on the New England Highway about 500 kilometers north of Sydney and about 20 kilometers south west of the city of Armidale. ...

Last hurrah, 1880s to 1900s

The increasing push of settlement, increased police efficiency, improvements in rail transport and communications technology, such as telegraphy, made it increasingly difficult for bushrangers to evade capture. This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series Following the British model, Australians generally assumed in the 1850s that railways would be built by the private sector. ... Telegraph and Telegram redirect here. ...

Among the last bushrangers was the Kelly Gang led by Ned Kelly, who were captured at Glenrowan in 1880, two years after they were outlawed. For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ...

In 1900 the indigenous Governor Brothers terrorised much of northern New South Wales.^[4] Jimmy Governor (1875–1901) was one the Governor Brothers, two Indigenous Australian men who committed a series of murders in the Central West and New England regions of New South Wales around the turn of the twentieth century. ...

Public perception

In Australia, bushrangers often attract public sympathy. In Australian history and iconography bushrangers are held in some esteem in some quarters due to the harshness and anti-Catholicism of the colonial authorities whom they embarrassed, and the romanticism of the lawlessness they represented. Some bushrangers, most notably Ned Kelly in his Jerilderie letter, and in his final raid on Glenrowan, explicitly represented themselves as political rebels. Attitudes to Kelly, by far the most well-known bushranger, exemplify the ambiguous views of Australians regarding bushranging. The written history of Australia began when Dutch explorers first sighted the country in the 17th century. ... Look up Iconography in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Jerilderie Letter The Jerilderie Letter was dictated by infamous bushranger Ned Kelly to Joe Byrne in 1879. ... Glenrowan is a small town located in the Benalla Local Government Area of Victoria, Australia. ...

Entertainment

In the same way that outlaws feature in many films of the American western genre, bushrangers regularly feature in Australian literature, film, music and television. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Bold Jack Donohue was the first bushranger to have inspired bush ballads.^[5]

Robbery Under Arms, by Thomas Alexander Browne (writing as Rolf Boldrewood) was published in serial form in the Sydney Mail from 1882 to 1883.^[6] It is an early description of the life and acts of fictional bushrangers. It has been the basis of several films and a television series.^[7] Robbery Under Arms is a classic Australian novel by Rolf Boldrewood (a pseudonym for Thomas Alexander Browne). ... Thomas Alexander Browne Thomas Alexander Browne (August 6, 1826 – March 11, 1915) was an Australian writer, who sometimes published under the pseudonym Rolf Boldrewood and best known for his novel Robbery Under Arms. ...

Ned Kelly was the subject of the world's first feature length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, released in 1906.^[8] In the 1970 release Ned Kelly, he was portrayed – to limited popular acclaim – by Mick Jagger. Kelly has been the subject of many more movies, television series, written fiction and music. For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... The Story of the Kelly Gang (also screened as Ned Kelly and His Gang) is widely regarded as the worlds first feature length film. ... Ned Kelly is the title of a 1970 movie. ... Sir Michael Phillip Mick Jagger (born July 26, 1943) is a English rock musician, actor, songwriter, record and film producer and businessman. ...

Dan "Mad Dog" Morgan was the subject of a feature film, Mad Dog Morgan (1976), starring Dennis Hopper.^[9] John Fuller (aka Dan Morgan) was an Australian bushranger. ... Dennis Lee Hopper (born May 17, 1936) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor and film-maker. ...

Ben Hall and his gang were the subject of several Australian folk songs, including "Streets of Forbes". For the actor, see Ben Hall (actor). ... Australian folksong about the death of bushranger Ben Hall. ...

Notable bushrangers

Mary Ann Bugg (1842? - November 11, 1867) was one of two notable female bushrangers, who lived during the early 1800s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about human pneumonia. ... Matthew Brady (1799 – 1826) notorious bushranger in Van Diemens Land (now known as Tasmania) in the early 1800s. ... Joe Byrne Joseph Byrne also known as Joe Byrne (November 1857 - June 28, 1880) was an Australian bushranger known as the lieutenant of the Kelly Gang. ... Martin Cash Martin Cash (c. ... John Caesar (1764 – February 15, 1796), nicknamed Black Caesar, was the first Australian bushranger and one of the first black people to arrive during British colonization of the continent as a penal colony. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Memorial to Nelson at Collector Inscription on memorial to Nelson John Dunn (14 December 1846 – 19 March 1866) was an Australian bushranger. ... This article is about death by hanging. ... John Francis (c1825-?) was one of a party of bushrangers who held up the Melbourne Private Escort Companys regular escort of gold from the McIvor diggings at Heathcote, Victoria and Kyneton on the morning of 20 July 1853. ... Immunity, also known as transactional immunity, confers a status on a person or body that places them beyond the law and makes that person or body free from otherwise legal obligations such as, for example, liability for torts or damages or prosecution under criminal law for criminal acts. ... John Fuller (aka Dan Morgan) was an Australian bushranger. ... Frank Gardiner (Born 1829, Rosshire Scotland - Died c. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... John Gilbert was an Australian Bushranger shot dead at the age of 25 near Binalong, New South Wales in 1865. ... For the actor, see Ben Hall (actor). ... Steve Hart was an Australian bushranger renowned for his membership in the infamous Kelly Gang. ... Moondyne Joe Joseph Bolitho Johns (c. ... Harry Power (1819-1891) was an Australian Bushranger. ... Dan Kelly (1861 - 28th June 1880) was the youngest brother of Australian Bushranger Ned Kelly. ... For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... James Alpin McPherson (1842–August 23, 1895) otherwise known as The Wild Scotchman, was an Australian bushranger active in the area around Gin Gin, Queensland in the 19th century. ... Gin Gin is a small rural town in the Kolan Shire of Queenland, Australia and is located approximately 51km West of Bundaberg and 370km North of Brisbane, the state capital. ... Musquito (c. ... Stanwell Park is a northern coastal village of the Wollongong plain, south of Sydney, Australia. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Location of Coonabarabran in New South Wales (red) Coonabarabran is a town in Warrumbungle Shire in northwestern New South Wales, Australia, has about 3000 inhabitants, and was established in the 1850s. ... Jack the Rammer aka Billy the Rammer was a bushranger in the Monaro District near Cooma in New South Wales during the latter half of 1834. ... Andrew George Scott, alias Captain Moonlite Capture of Captain Moonlite Headstone at Gundagai cemetery Andrew George Scott (1842 – 1880), Aka Captain Moonlight or Captain Moonlite, was an Australian bushranger. ... Gundagai is a town located along the Murrumbidgee River and Muniong and Yambla Mountain ranges, 390 km south-west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Owen Suffolk Owen Suffolk (4 April 1829 – ? ) an Australian bushranger, poet, confidence-man and author of Days of Crime and Years of Suffering (1867). ... Frederick Ward Frederick Wordsworth Ward (aka Captain Thunderbolt) (1833–25 May 1870) was an Australian bushranger renowned for escaping from Cockatoo Island with the help of his wife Mary Ann Bugg, and for committing over 200 crimes over six and a half years across the northern section of the state... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... William Westwood (Jackey Jackey) (Born Manuden, Essex, England, 1 August 1821 - Hanged 1846, Norfolk Island) a noted Australian bushranger of the 19th century who was transported to Australia in 1837. ... Jimmy Governor (1875–1901) was one the Governor Brothers, two Indigenous Australian men who committed a series of murders in the Central West and New England regions of New South Wales around the turn of the twentieth century. ... NSW redirects here. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Australian Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia focussed on Australia and its history. ... The Australian Geographic is a quarterly geographic magazine created by Dick Smith in 1986. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Central garden of the National Museum of Australia The National Museum of Australia first opened its doors to the public in March 2001 in the nations federal capital city of Canberra. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) is a New South Wales (Australia) Government agency responsible for major road infrastructure, licensing of drivers, and registration of motor vehicles. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Main article: Bushranger Bushrangers were criminals who used the Australian bush as a refuge to hide from authorities between committing their robberies, roughly analogous to the British highwayman. Their targets often included small-town banks or coach services. ... Timeline of major crimes in Australia This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Melbourne, Victoria, Australia has a lower crime rate than Sydney, and it is a reasonably safe city by world standards. ... Northern Territory, Australia The Northern Territory of Australia has the highest level of crime per capita of any state or territory in Australia. ... This article is about Crime in Western Australia. ... Crime in Sydney has been part of the city since the earliest days as a prison colony. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Brisbane, Queensland, Australia has a lower crime rate than other Australian cities such as Sydney (see Crime in Sydney for details). ... Courtroom 1 in the High Court in Canberra. ... Australian criminal law refers to the criminal laws of the several jurisdictions in the Commonwealth of Australia. ... Law enforcement in Australia is served by police, sheriffs and bailiffs under the control of state, territory and the Federal governments. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Bushrangers

• Bushrangers Trail at Picture Australia