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By the Grace of God, as well as the various equivalent phrases in other languages thus rendered in English, is not a title in its own right, but a common introductory part of the full styles of many Monarchs, preceding the actual princely styles in chief of the specific realm(s) and/or other principalities (King of X, Duke of Y, etc.). The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A monarch (see sovereign) is a type of ruler or head of state. ...
Rationale
Originally, it has a literal meaning: the divine will was invoked -- notably by Christian Monarchs -- as legitimation (the only one above every earthly power) for the Absolutist authority the Monarch aimed at. While the Christian Roman emperors during the late Dominate, especially in the east (as continued in Byzantium after the fall of Rome), came remarkably close to acting out the role of God's voice on earth, centralizing all power in their hands, e.g. reducing the Patriarch of Constantinople to their "(State) Minister of the Cult" and proclaiming their "universal" authority (in the Oriental tradition as in Persia, but also in the original Muslim Caliphate), for most dynasties it would rather prove to be a never-ending battle up the hills of political resistance, both from rival power poles within their state (nobility, clergy, people; even within a dynasty) and from foreign powers claiming independence or even hegemony, usually constraining them in constitutional limitations (not necessarily written statutes, more often a matter of customary law and established privileges). The term absolutism can mean: A belief in absolute truth moral absolutism, the belief that there is some absolute standard of right and wrong political absolutism, a political system where one person holds absolute power, also called apolytarchy from Gr. ...
This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire. ...
The Dominate was the despotic last of the two phases of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse of the Western Empire in AD 476. ...
Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...
The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ...
For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...
An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph ( listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ...
Hegemony (pronounced ) (greek:ηγεμονία) is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group. ...
While the "incantation" of divine Grace becomes a prestigious style figure, few Christian monarchies can resist, not a literal carte-blanche from Heaven, but at least a consecration of the "sacred" mystique of the crown, some of which survives even in modern constitutional monarchies where all power has been transferred to elected (party) politicians. More realistic power reports (crucial are often a voice in the succession and the purse strings) do in time find expression, sometimes even in the abolition of "By the Grace of god", or rather, especially earlier, in the intercalation of compensatory phrases, such as "and the will of the people", and/or replacing the genitive "of principality X" by "of the (X-inhabitants)", quite meaningful where linked to the Enlightment-notion of the "social contract", which means the nominal 'sovereign' is in fact potentially subject to national approval, without which a revolution can be legitimate. In some cases, both were combined i.e. Oliver Cromwell was Lord Protector by the Grace of God, and the Republic. This denotes that he was chosen by God to rule but he was put there by the people of the Commonwealth (republic) Social contract - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ...
The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was the title of the head of state during part of the Commonwealth period. ...
Parallels exist in other civilizations, e.g. Mandate of Heaven of the Chinese. The Mandate of Heaven was a doctrine. ...
In various languages - This list, possibly incomplete, is limited to phrases that are/were formally used by monarchies of the (mainly western) Christian tradition in their official styles.
Germanic languages: The Germanic languages form one of the branches of the Indo-European (IE) language family. ...
Romance languages: The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages or New Latin languages, are a subset of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Latin dialects spoken by the common people in what is known as Latin Europe (Italian/Portuguese/Spanish Europa latina, Catalan Europa llatina, French Europe latine, Romanian Europa...
- Dei Gratiae (Latin)
- Par la Grâce de Dieu (French)
- Per la grazia di Dio (Italian)
- Por graça de Deus (Portuguese)
- Por la divina providencia (Spanish; literally "By the Divine Providence")
- Din Mila lui Dumnezeu (Romanian)
Slavonic and other languages: Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia. ...
- Po bozija milost (Bulgarian)
- Bozhiyeyu milostiyu or Bozhiyeyu pospeshestvuyushcheyu milostiyu (Russian)
- Po milosti Bozjoj (Serbo-Croatian)
- Isten kegyelméből (Hungarian)
Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski), earlier also Serbo-Croat, was an official language of Yugoslavia (along with Slovenian and Macedonian). ...
Equivalent formula - By the will of our Lord in orthodox Georgia
Sources and references - RoyalArk- here Georgia
- WorldStatesmen- see each present country
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