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The C standard library is a now-standardised collection of header files and library routines used to implement common operations, such as input/output and string handling, in the C programming language. Unlike other languages such as Pascal and PL/I, C does not include builtin keywords for these tasks, so nearly all C programs rely on the standard library to function. In computer programming, especially in the C programming language or C++, a header file is a text file containing small bits of program code, which is used to describe the contents of the main body of code to other modules. ...
Illustration of an application which may use libvorbisfile. ...
Input/output, or I/O, is the collection of interfaces that different functional units (sub-systems) of an information processing system use to communicate with each other, or to the signals (information) sent through those interfaces. ...
In various branches of mathematics and computer science, strings are sequences of various simple objects (symbols, tokens, characters, etc. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a standardized imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
Pascal is an imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ...
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced pee el one) is an imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. ...
In computer science, a keyword is an identifier which indicates a specific command. ...
Design
The name and characteristic of each function are included into a computer file called a header file but the actual implementation of functions are separated into a library file. The naming and scope of headers have become common but the organization of libraries still remains diverse. The standard library is usually shipped along with a compiler. Since C compilers often provide extra functionalities that are not specified in ANSI C, a standard library with a particular compiler is mostly incompatible with standard libraries of other compilers. In computer programming, especially in the C programming language or C++, a header file is a text file containing small bits of program code, which is used to describe the contents of the main body of code to other modules. ...
Illustration of an application which may use libvorbisfile. ...
A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language compiler. ...
ANSI C (Standard C) is a variant of the C programming language. ...
Much of the C standard library has been shown to have been well-designed. A few parts, with the benefit of hindsight, are regarded as mistakes. The string input functions gets() (and the use of scanf() to read string input) are the source of many buffer overflows, and most programming guides recommend avoiding this usage. Another oddity is strtok(), a function that is designed as a primitive lexical analyser but is highly "fragile" and difficult to use. In computer programming, a buffer overflow is an anomalous condition where a program somehow writes data beyond the allocated end of a buffer in memory. ...
Lexical analysis is the process of taking an input string of characters (such as the source code of a computer program) and producing a sequence of symbols called lexical tokens, or just tokens, which may be handled more easily by a parser. ...
History The C programming language, before it was standardized, did not provide built-in functionalities such as I/O operations (unlike traditional languages such as Pascal and Fortran). Over time, user communities of C shared ideas and implementations of what we now call C standard libraries to provide that functionality. Many of these ideas were incorporated eventually into the definition of the standardized C programming language. The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a standardized imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
Pascal is an imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ...
Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a statically typed, compiled imperative computer programming language originally developed in the 1950s and still heavily used for scientific computing and numerical computation half a century later. ...
Both Unix and C were created at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the late 1960s and early 1970s. During the 1970s the C programming language became increasingly popular. Many universities and organizations began creating their own variations of the language for their own projects. By the beginning of the 1980s compatibility problems between the various C implementations became apparent. In 1983 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to establish a standard specification of C known as "ANSI C". This work culminated in the creation of the so-called C89 standard in 1989. Part of the resulting standard was a set of software libraries called the ANSI C standard library. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Unix-like. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a standardized imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit standards organization that produces industrial standards in the United States. ...
1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In computer science, a library is a collection of subprograms used to develop software. ...
Later revisions of the C standard have added several new required header files to the library. Support for these new extensions varies between implementations.
The headers <iso646.h>, <wchar.h>, and <wctype.h> were added with Normative Amendment 1 (hereafter abbreviated as NA1), an addition to the C Standard ratified in 1995. 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The headers <complex.h>, <fenv.h>, <inttypes.h>, <stdbool.h>, <stdint.h>, and <tgmath.h> were added with C99, a revision to the C Standard published in 1999. 1999 is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
ANSI Standard The ANSI C standard library consists of 24 C header files which can be included into a programmer's project with a single directive. Each header file contains one or more function declarations, data type definitions and macros. The contents of these header files follows.
In comparison to some other languages (for example Java) the standard library is minuscule. The library provides a basic set of mathematical functions, string manipulation, type conversions, and file and console-based I/O. It does not include a standard set of "container types" like the C++ Standard Template Library, let alone the complete graphical user interface (GUI) toolkits, networking tools, and profusion of other functionality that Java provides as standard. The main advantage of the small standard library is that providing a working ANSI C environment is much easier than it is with other languages, and consequently porting C to a new platform is relatively easy. Java is a reflective, object-oriented programming language developed initially by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems. ...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: /siË plÉ™s plÉ™s/) is a general-purpose computer programming language. ...
The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library. ...
A graphical user interface (or GUI, sometimes pronounced gooey) is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text. ...
Many other libraries have been developed to supply equivalent functionality to that provided by other languages in their standard library. For instance, the GNOME desktop environment project has developed the GTK graphics toolkit and glib, a library of container data structures, and there are many other well-known examples. The variety of libraries available has meant that some superior toolkits have proven themselves through history. The considerable downside is that they often do not work particularly well together, programmers are often familiar with different sets of libraries, and a different set of them may be available on any particular platform. A typical garden gnome. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
ANSI C library header files <assert.h>: Contains the assert macro, used to assist with detecting logical errors and other types of bug in debugging versions of a program. In computer programming, an assertion is a programming language construct that checks whether an expression is true. ...
<complex.h>: A set of functions for manipulating complex numbers. (New with C99) In mathematics, the complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers by the inclusion of the imaginary unit i, satisfying . ...
<ctype.h>: This header file contains functions used to classify characters by their types or to convert between upper and lower case in a way that is independent of the used character set (typically ASCII, although implementations utilizing EBCDIC are also known). The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
A character encoding is a code that pairs a set of characters (such as an alphabet or syllabary) with a set of something else, such as numbers or electrical pulses. ...
There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is an 8-bit character encoding (code page) used on IBM mainframe operating systems, like z/OS, OS/390, VM and VSE, as well as IBM minicomputer operating systems like OS/400 and i5/OS. It is also employed on various non-IBM...
<errno.h>: For testing error codes reported by library functions.
<fenv.h>: For controlling floating-point environment. (New with C99) A floating-point number is a digital representation for a number in a certain subset of the rational numbers, and is often used to approximate an arbitrary real number on a computer. ...
<float.h>: Contains defined constants specifying the implementation-specific properties of the floating-point library, such as the minimum difference between two different floating-point numbers (_EPSILON), the maximum number of digits of accuracy (_DIG) and the range of numbers which can be represented (_MIN, _MAX). A floating-point number is a digital representation for a number in a certain subset of the rational numbers, and is often used to approximate an arbitrary real number on a computer. ...
<inttypes.h>: For precise conversion between integer types. (New with C99)
<iso646.h>: For programming in ISO 646 variant character sets. (New with NA1) ISO 646 is an ISO standard that specifies a 7 bit character code from which several national standards are derived, the best known of which is ASCII. Since the portion of ISO 646 shared by all countries specified only the letters used in the English alphabet, other countries using the...
<limits.h>: Contains defined constants specifying the implementation-specific properties of the integer types, such as the range of numbers which can be represented (_MIN, _MAX).
<locale.h>: For setlocale() and related constants. This is used to choose an appropriate locale. In computing, locale is a set of parameters that defines the users language, country and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface. ...
<math.h>: For computing common mathematical functions
<setjmp.h>: Declares setjmp/longjmp which are used for non-local exits This page is about the computer science continuation. ...
<signal.h>: For controlling various exceptional conditions
<stdarg.h>: For accessing a varying number of arguments passed to functions.
<stdbool.h>: For a boolean data type. (New with C99)
<stdint.h> : For defining various integer types. (New with C99)
<stddef.h>: For defining several useful types and macros.
<stdio.h>: Provides the core input and output capabilities of the C language. This file includes the venerable printf function. Several programming languages implement a printf function, to output a formatted string. ...
<stdlib.h>: For performing a variety of operations, including conversion, pseudo-random numbers, memory allocation, process control, environment, signalling, searching, and sorting.
<string.h>: For manipulating several kinds of strings.
<tgmath.h>: For type-generic mathematical functions. (New with C99)
<time.h>: For converting between various time and date formats.
<wchar.h>: For manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings using wide characters - key to supporting a range of languages. (New with NA1)
<wctype.h>: For classifying wide characters. (New with NA1)
The C standard library in C++ The C++ programming language includes the functionality of the ANSI C standard library, but makes several modifications, such as changing the names of the header files from <xxx.h> to <cxxx> (however, the C-style names are still available, although deprecated), and placing all identifiers into the std namespace. C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: /siË plÉ™s plÉ™s/) is a general-purpose computer programming language. ...
Identifiers (IDs) are lexical tokens that name entities. ...
In many programming languages, a namespace is a context for identifiers. ...
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