Clarence Cook "C.C." Little (October 6, 1888–1971) was an American genetics, cancer, and tobacco researcher. October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in Leap years). ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... When normal cells are damaged or old they undergo apoptosis; cancer cells, however, avoid apoptosis. ... Species N. glauca N. longiflora N. rustica N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of 2002-08-28 Tobacco () is a broad-leafed plant of the nightshade family, indigenous to North and South America, whose dried and cured leaves are often smoked (see tobacco smoking) in the form of...

He was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and attended Harvard University. While studying under W. E. Castle Little began his work with mice, focused on inheritance, transplants, and grafts. He also was an assistant dean and secretary to the president. His most important research occured at Harvard, including what some call his most brilliant work, "A Mendelian explanation for the inheritance of a trait that has apparently non-Mendelian characteristics". His observations on transplant rejection became codified into the "five laws of transplant immunology" by George Snell. Little developed the "DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti)" strain of mice while at Harvard. Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Professor William Ernest Castle ( October 25, 1867 — June 3, 1962) was an early American geneticist Biography Castle was born on a farm in Ohio and took an early interest in natural history. ... Feral mouse Feral mouse A mouse is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents in the genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridæ (Old World Mice). ... George Davis Snell (December 19, 1903 - June 6, 1996), U.S. geneticist; corecipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset, for discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune systems distinction between... In biology, Strain can be used two ways. ...

During World War I Little served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, attaining the rank of Major. Following the war he spent three years at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. In 1921 he helped found the American Birth Control League with Margaret Sanger and Lothrop Stoddard. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The U.S. Army Signal Corps was in a part of the United States Army founded in 1861 by Major Albert J. Myer, a physician by training. ... The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is a research and educational institution, consisting of science laboratories located in Cold Spring Harbor, New York on Long Island, USA. The Laboratory has research programs focusing on cancer, neurobiology, plant genetics, genomics and bioinformatics, and has a broad educational mission, including the recently established... The National Birth Control League had been formed by 1916. ... Margaret Sanger. ... Lothrop Theodore Stoddard (1883-May 1, 1950) was an American eugenicist and racist with a History Ph. ...

Little accepted the post of President of the University of Maine in 1922, becoming at age 33 the youngest univerisity president in the country. While there he started a summer laboratory in Bar Harbor. In 1925 he left to become the President of the University of Michigan. His tenure at the university was was controversial due to his outspokenness in favor of eugenics, birth control, and euthanasia. He left Michigan in 1929 in order to devote himself to his research at Bar Harbor. With funding from Detroit car manufacturers he was able to improve the facility for year-round use. He renamed it the "Jackson Laboratory" in honor of one donor, Roscoe B. Jackson of the Hudson Motor Car Corporation. Also in 1929 he took on a part-time job as managing director of the American Society for the Control of Cancer (later became the American Cancer Society (ACS)). The University of Maine, established in 1865, is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. ... Bar Harbor, Maine, it the name of two places in Maine Bar Harbor, census-designated place Bar Harbor a larger town This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor is a public coeducational university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ... Birth control (also called family planning or contraception) is any plan or method for preventing or reducing the likelihood of pregnancy without abstaining from sexual intercourse. ... Euthanasia (Greek, good death) is the practice of killing a person or animal, in a painless or minimally painful way, for merciful reasons, usually to end their suffering. ... The Hudson Motor Car Company made Hudson brand automobiles in Detroit, Michigan, from 1909 to 1957. ... The American Cancer Society is a charitable organization dedicated to eliminating cancer. ...

Funding for the Jackson Laboratory was extremely limited during the Great Depression, but it received on the first grants from the newly formed National Cancer Institute in 1938. Little energetically developed both the lab and the ACS, and by 1944 they were shipping 9000 mice a week to other laboratories. A brush fire destroyed the laboratory and all of the livestock in 1947, but it was quickly rebuilt and most mouse strains were recovered from other labs around the world. By 1950 the lab was maintaining 60 inbred strains, and had developed the F₁ hybrid that became widely used for chemical testing. Little resigned in 1954. The Great Depression was a massive global economic recession (or depression) that ran from 1929 to 1941. ... The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the United States Federal Governments principal agency for cancer research and training. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

His last major post, from 1954 to 1969, was as the Scientific Director of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industrial Research Committee (renamed Council for Tobacco Research in 1964). In that role he was a leading scientific voice of the tobacco industry and oversaw a USD$1 million research budget that gave grants to hundreds of scientists. [1][2] In 1959 he refuted his earlier assertion, made as Director of the ACS, that inhaling fine particles is unhealthy, and stated that smoking does not cause lung cancer and is at most a minor contributing factor. [3]. A decade later he said, "there is no demonstrated causal relationship between smoking or any disease."[4] In keeping with his earlier research he believed that the main cause of cancer was genetic, not environmental. The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. ...

References

• C. C. Little, Cancer and Inbred Mice by James F. Crow, "Genetics", Vol. 161, 1357-1361, August 2002.
• Clarence Cook Little (1888-1971): The Genetic Basis of Transplant Immunology by Hugh Auchincloss Jr* and Henry J. Winn, "American Journal of Transplantation", Volume 4 Issue 2 Page 155 - February 2004
• Tobacco Documents Online Tobacco-related documents that mention Little.
• Council for Tobacco Research Article on SourceWatch, with many mentions of Little.