For the ICAO airport code see Candle Lake Airpark

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor κβ. CCL2 recruits immune cells, such as monocytes, to sites of tissue injury and infection. This chemokine is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids.^[1][2] It is a monomeric polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approximately 13kDa. As with many other CC chemokines, CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans.^[3] The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5. Hugo is a masculine name. ... The Entrez logo The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System allows access to databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the US National Institutes of Health. ... Swiss-Prot is a curated biological database of protein sequences created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute. ... Short and long arms Chromosome. ... Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. ... Chemokines are a family of pro-inflammatory activation-inducible cytokines, or small protein signals secreted by cells. ... An osteoclast (from the Greek words for bone and broken) is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix. ... An osteoblast (from the Greek words for bone and to build) is a mononucleate cell which produces a protein that produces osteoid. ... Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protect against blood-borne pathogens and move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... A protein precursor is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by posttranslational modification. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Peptides are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ...

Function

CCL2 induces recruitment of monocytes, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and is responsible for many inflammatory reactions to disease, and has been linked to recruitment of osteoclast precursors. MONOCYTES: Plural of monocyte. ... T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response. ... Eosinophil granulocyte Eosinophil granulocytes, commonly referred to as eosinophils (or less commonly as acidophils), are white blood cells that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ...

In human osteoclasts, it has been shown that CCL2 and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) are unregulated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand). And that both MCP-1 and RANTES induced the formation of TRAP-positive, multinuclear cells from M-CSF-treated monocytes in the absence of RANKL, but produced osteoclasts that lacked cathepsin K expression and resorptive capacity. It is proposed that CCL2 and RANTES act as autocrine loop in human osteoclast differentiation. Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and presumably secreted or RANTES is an 8kDa protein classified as a chemotactic cytokine or chemokine. ... This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ... Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase is a glycosylated monomeric metalloenzyme expressed in mammals (1). ... A cathepsin is a type of protease, ie a type of protein that breaks apart other proteins. ... Autocrine signalling is a form of signalling in which the target cell is the secretory cell itself. ... Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a type. The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions. ...

References

1. ^ Yoshimura et al., Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): full-length cDNA cloning, expression in mitogen-stimulated blood mononuclear leukocytes, and sequence similarity to mouse competence gene JE. FEBS Lett. 1989, 244: 487-493.
2. ^ Furutani et al., Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for human monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159: 249-255, 1989.
3. ^ Mehrabian et al., Localization of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene (SCYA2) to human chromosome 17q11.2-q21.1. Genomics,1991, 9: 200-203.