CCL28, is a type of cytokine called a chemokine, that is also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1 and SCYA28, and regulates chemotaxis of cells that express the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is expressed by columnar epithelial cells in the gut, lung, breast and the salivary glands and drives the mucosal homing of T and B lymphocytes that express CCR10, and the migration of eosinophils expressing CCR3.^[1][2][3] This chemokine is constitutively expressed in the colon, but its levels can be increased by pro-inflammatory cytokines and certain bacterial products implying a role in effector cell recruitment to sites of epithelial injury.^[4] CCL28 has also been implicated in the migration of IgA-expressing cells to the mammary gland^[5], salivary gland, intestine^[6] and other mucosal tissues.^[7] It has also been shown as a potential antimicrobial agent effective against certain pathogens, such as Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans.^[8] Hugo is a masculine name. ... The Entrez logo The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System allows access to databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the US National Institutes of Health. ... Swiss-Prot is a curated biological database of protein sequences created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute. ... Short and long arms Chromosome. ... Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. ... Chemokines are a family of pro-inflammatory activation-inducible cytokines, or small protein signals secreted by cells. ... Typical structure of a chemokine receptor, with seven transmembrane domains and a characteristic DRY motif in the second intracellular domain. ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... Respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... A pregnant womans breasts. ... The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ... Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. ... IGA may stand for: Koji Igarashi, a video game producer Interactive genetic algorithm International Geothermal Association Independent Glass Association International Gothic Association International Gamers Award International Goat Association Irish Games Association Irish Geological Association ImmunoGlobulin A - see IgA nephritis which is a renal disease IGA (supermarkets) Independent Grocers Association or... Cross section of the breast of a human female. ... The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ... In anatomy, the intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine (or colon). ... The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ... An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or slows the growth of microbes like bacteria (antibacterial activity), fungi (antifungal activity), viruses (antiviral activity), or parasites (antiparasitic activity). ... Binomial name Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout 1923 Synonyms Candida stellatoidea [1] Candida albicans is a diploid sexual fungus (a form of yeast), and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and vaginal infections in humans. ...

Human CCL28 is encoded by an RNA transcript of 373 nucleotides and a gene with four exons. The gene codes for a 127-amino acid CCL28 protein with a 22-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide. It shares 76% nucleic acid identity and 83% amino acid similarity to the equivalent molecule in mouse.^[9][10] Sequence analysis has revealed CCL28 to be most similar to another CC chemokine called CCL27. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A nucleotide is a chemical compound that consists of a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. ... An exon is any region of DNA within a gene, that is transcribed to the final messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, rather than being spliced out from the transcribed RNA molecule. ...

References

1. ^ Rodriguez et al. 2004. Differential gene expression by integrin 7+ and 7– memory T helper cells. BMC Immunol. 5: 13.
2. ^ Kunkel et al. 2003. CCR10 expression is a common feature of circulating and mucosal epithelial tissue IgA Ab-secreting cells. J. Clin. Invest. 111: 1001-1010.
3. ^ John et al. 2005, Temporal production of CCL28 corresponds to eosinophil accumulation and airway hyperreactivity in allergic airway inflammation, Am. J. Pathol. 166: 345–353.
4. ^ Hieshima et al. 2003. CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. J. Immunol. 170: 1452-1461.
5. ^ Wilson and Butcher. CCL28 controls immunoglobulin (Ig)A plasma cell accumulation in the lactating mammary gland and IgA antibody transfer to the neonate. J Exp Med. 2004 Sep 20;200(6):805-9.
6. ^ Feng et al. Redundant role of chemokines CCL25/TECK and CCL28/MEC in IgA+ plasmablast recruitment to the intestinal lamina propria after rotavirus infection. J Immunol. 2006 May 15;176(10):5749-59.
7. ^ Lazarus et al. A common mucosal chemokine (mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine/CCL28) selectively attracts IgA plasmablasts. J Immunol. 2003 Apr 1;170(7):3799-805
8. ^ Hieshima et al. CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. J Immunol. 2003 Feb 1;170(3):1452-61.
9. ^ Wang et al. 2000, Identification of a novel chemokine (CCL28), which binds CCR10 (GPR2). J. Biol. Chem. 275: 22313–22323.
10. ^ Pan et al. 2000, A novel chemokine ligand for CCR10 and CCR3 expressed by epithelial cells in mucosal tissues, J. Immunol. 165: 2943–2949.