NationMaster - Encyclopedia: CD recorder

A CD recorder, CD writer or CD burner is a compact disc drive that can be used to produce discs readable in other CD-ROM drives and audio CD players. A DVD recorder produces DVD discs playable in stand-alone video players or DVD-ROM drives. They are generally used for small-scale archival or data exchange, being slower and more materially expensive than the moulding process used to mass-manufacture pressed discs. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Interference colors. ... Interference colors. ... The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... DVD is an optical disc storage media format that is used for playback of movies with high video and sound quality and for storing data. ...

A recorder encodes (or burns) data onto a recordable CD-R, DVD-R or DVD+R disc (called a blank) by selectively heating parts of an organic dye layer in the disc with a laser in its write head. This changes the reflectivity of the dye, thereby creating marks that can be read as with the "pits" and "lands" on pressed discs. The process is permanent and the media can be written to only once. A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is variation of the Compact Disc digital audio disc invented by Philips and Sony. ... A DVD+R disc The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... A DVD+R disc The title of this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

For rewriteable CD-RW, DVD-RW and DVD+RW media, the laser is used to melt a crystalline metal alloy in the recording layer of the disc. Depending on the amount of power applied, the substance may be allowed to melt back into crystalline form or left in an amorphous form, enabling marks of varying reflectivity to be created. Most rewriteable media is rated by manufacturers at up to 1000 write/erase cycles. Compact Disc ReWritable (CD-RW) is a rewritable optical disc format. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... A DVD+RW is a rewritable optical disc with equal storage capacity to a DVD+R, typically 4. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... An amorphous solid is a solid in which there is no long-range order of the positions of the atoms. ...

The competing DVD+R and DVD-R disc formats use very similar dye-based media, but differ mainly in the way timing hints for the write head are laid out on the disc surface. This is also the case with DVD+RW and DVD-RW.

Most internal CD recorders for personal computers, server systems and workstations are designed to fit in a standard 5.25" drive bay and connect to their host via an ATA, SATA or SCSI bus. External CD recorders usually have USB, FireWire or SCSI interfaces. Some portable versions for laptop use power themselves off batteries or off their interface bus. In computing, a server is: A computer software application that carries out some task (i. ... A computer workstation, often colloquially referred to as workstation, is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer designed to be used by one person at a time and which offers higher performance than normally found in a personal computer, especially with respect to graphics, processing power and the ability to carry... Full-height, 2 half-height, and 3. ... ATA cables: 40 wire ribbon cable top, 80 wire ribbon cable bottom Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disks and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers. ... A SATA power connector. ... SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. ... Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ... A 6-Pin FireWire 400 connector FireWire (also known as i. ... SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. ...

SCSI recorders are less common and tend to be more expensive because of the cost of their interface chipsets and more complex SCSI connectors. SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface, and is a standard interface and command set for transferring data between devices on both internal and external computer buses. ...

1 Compatibility
2 Performance
3 See also
4 External links

Compatibility

	Pressed CD	CD-R	CD-RW	Pressed DVD	DVD-R	DVD+R	DVD-RW	DVD+RW
Audio CD player	Read	Read ¹	Read ²	None	None	None	None	None
CD-ROM	Read	Read ¹	Read ²	None	None	None	None	None
CD-R recorder	Read	Read/write	Read	None	None	None	None	None
CD-RW recorder	Read	Read/write	Read/write	None	None	None	None	None
DVD-ROM	Read	Read ³	Read ³	Read	Read ⁴	Read ⁴	Read ⁴	Read ⁴

Note 1: Some types of CD-R media with less-reflective dyes may cause problems. Phthalocyanine-based discs are said to work best.
Note 2: May not work in non MultiRead-compliant drives.
Note 3: May not work in some early-model DVD-ROM drives.
Note 4: A large-scale compatibility test conducted by cdrinfo.com in July 2003 found DVD-R discs playable by 96.74%, DVD+R by 87.32%, DVD-RW by 87.68% and DVD+RW by 86.96% of consumer DVD players and DVD-ROM drives.

The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... DVD is an optical disc storage media format that is used for playback of movies with high video and sound quality and for storing data. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Performance

Early-model recorders were CLV (constant linear velocity) drives. The recording speed on such drives was rated in multiples of 150 KiB/s; a 4X drive, for instance, would write steadily at around 600 KiB/s. The transfer rate was kept constant by having the spindle motor in the drive run about 2.5 times as fast when recording at the inner rim of the disc as on the outer rim. Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) refers to how information is written to or read from a rotating data disk. ... According to the International Electrotechnical Commission a kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage. ...

There are mechanical limits on the maximum angular velocity at which discs can be spun: at 25000 RPM and beyond, the tensile stress on the disc can expand small manufacturing defects in the disc polycarbonate and then cause the disc to warp and shatter. In more practical terms, this limits the maximum reading and writing speeds for CDs to about 52x. Higher reading speeds may be achieved by using multiple lens asssemblies or by reading several consecutive tracks simultaneously[1], but those drives are expensive to manufacture and are uncommon.

To keep the rotational speed of the disc safely low, more recent high-speed recorders tend to use the Z-CLV (zoned constant linear velocity) scheme. This divides the disc into stepped zones, each of which has its own constant linear velocity. A Z-CLV recorder rated at "52X", for example, would write at 20X on the innermost zone and then progressively step up to 52X at the outer rim. Some drives also limit the maximum read speed to lower values such as 40x. The reasoning is that it is safe to assume that a blank CD fresh off the spindle will be clear of any structural damage, but the same assumption will not hold true for every disc inserted for reading.

In the late 1990s, buffer overruns became a very common problem as high-speed CD recorders began to appear in home and office computers, which—for a variety of reasons—often could not muster the I/O performance to produce a data stream to keep the recorder steadily fed. The recorder, should it run short, would be forced to halt the recording process, leaving a truncated track that often renders the disc useless.

In response, manufacturers of CD recorders began shipping drives with "buffer overrun protection" (under various trade names, such as Sanyo's "BURN-Proof", Ricoh's "JustLink" and Yamaha's "Lossless Link"); these can suspend and resume the recording process in such a way that the gap the stoppage produces can be dealt with by the error-correcting logic built into CD players and CD-ROM drives.

The DVD+R and DVD+RW disc formats were designed with discontinuous recording in mind because they were expected to be widely used in digital video recorders. Many such DVRs used variable-rate video compression schemes which required them to record in short bursts; some allowed simultaneous playback and recording by alternating quickly between recording to the tail of the disc whilst reading from elsewhere. A digital video recorder (DVR) is a device that records video to a digital storage medium in digital form. ...

External links

Understanding CD-R & CD-RW
Guide to CD Writing and writing standards
CD-Recordable FAQ
CD-Recordable News and Articles

Categories: CD | 120 mm discs | Audio storage | Video storage

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Contents

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Performance

See also

External links

Compatibility