FACTOID # 104: In Ethiopia, nine out of ten births occur without skilled health staff present.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > CDF Aviation Management Program
CDF Aviation Management Program
Established 1958
Staffing 18
Strength 130 contractors
Airplanes 23 air tankers
13 tactical planes
Helicopters 11 helicopters

The CDF Aviation Management Program is a branch of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF). Due to the frequency and severity of wildfires in California, the state has elected to establish its own aerial firefighting force rather than rely solely on national resources. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into human resources. ... A Canadian firefighter A firefighter or fireman is trained and equipped to extinguish fires. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ... The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) is the State of Californias agency responsible for the administration of the states private and public forests. ... A wildfire, also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, peat fire (gambut in Indonesia), bushfire (in Australasia), or hill fire, is an uncontrolled fire often occurring in wildland areas, but which can also consume houses or agricultural resources. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Bombardier CL-415 waterbomber of the Province of Québec Aerial firefighting is a method to combat wildfires using aircraft. ...

Contents

Overview

In support of its ground forces, the CDF emergency response air program includes 23 Grumman S-2T 1,200 gallon airtankers, eleven UH-1H Super Huey helicopters, and 14 OV-10A airtactical aircraft. These aircraft are stationed at 13 air attack and nine helitack bases located statewide, and can reach most fires within 20 minutes. During high fire activity, CDF may move aircraft to better provide statewide air support. The Grumman S-2 Tracker (previously S2F) was the first purpose-built, single airframe anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to enter service with the US Navy. ... A Bell XH-40, a prototype of the UH-1 and Bell 204 The Bell 204 and 205 are the civil versions of the ubiquitous UH-1 Iroquois military helicopters. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


The airtactical planes fly overhead of a fire, directing the airtankers and helicopters to critical areas of the fire for retardant and water drops. The retardant used to slow or retard the spread of a fire is a slurry mix consisting of a chemical salt compound, water, clay or a gum-thickening agent, and a coloring agent. While both air tankers and helicopters are equipped to carry fire retardant or water, the helicopters can also transport firefighters, equipment and injured personnel. A fire retardant is a substance that helps to delay or prevent combustion. ...


The average annual budget of the CDF Aviation Management Program is nearly $20 million. A total of 18 CDF personnel oversee the program with an additional 130 contract employees providing mechanical, pilot and management services.


CDF's current support contractors are DynCorp and Logistics Specialties Incorporated (LSI). DynCorp provides airtanker and airtactical aircraft pilot services, and all aircraft maintenance services. All CDF helicopters are flown by CDF pilots. LSI provides procurement and parts management services. DynCorp International (IPA: )[1] is a United States-based private military contractor (PMC) and aircraft maintenance company. ...


History

Air tankers

Tanker 910 during a drop demonstration in December 2006

The possibility of using aircraft for fighting wildland fires in California was first proposed in 1931 and again in the late 1940s after World War II. In 1953, the Nolta brothers of Willows, California proposed using their agriculture spray planes for fighting brush and grass fires. During the four fire seasons from 1954-1957, CDF used several small airtankers on a call-when-needed basis. These were primarily spray airplanes converted for use as firefighters. Also during this period, several enterprising aviation companies had been converting World War II TMB Avengers for air tanker use. Thus, in 1958 CDF first contracted for air tanker services with private aviation companies. That year contracts were let for three N3N, four Stearman and four TBM Avenger air tankers. The N3Ns and Stearmans were World War II biplanes used for pilot training and converted for use as agricultural spray planes. They were capable of carrying up to 200 gallons of fire retardant chemicals. The TBM, a World War II torpedo bomber, could deliver 600 gallons. Image File history File linksMetadata 10tanker-N450AX-061215-04-8. ... Image File history File linksMetadata 10tanker-N450AX-061215-04-8. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Willows Court House, California Willows is the county seat of Glenn County, California. ... The Antonov An-2 was the first purpose-built agricultural arcraft to be mass-produced. ... Grumman TBF Avengers in 1942 The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) was an American torpedo bomber, developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps and used by a large number of air forces around the world. ... The N3N was a two-place primary training biplane built by the Naval Aircraft Factory (N.A.F.) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... WAVE in a Boeing Stearman N2S US Navy training aircraft. ...


During the ensuing years other aircraft were converted to air tankers and used by CDF. Among these were Twin Beech, Boeing B-17, Consolidated PBY, and Grumman F7F. The air tanker program continued to expand until finally in the early 1970s, a total of 14 TBMs, five F7Fs, one PBY and one B-17 comprised the CDF fleet. Beechcraft 18 on floats. ... The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is an American four-engine heavy bomber aircraft developed for the US Army Air Corps (USAAC). ... PBY Catalina was the United States Navy designation for an American and Canadian-built flying boat of the 1930s and 1940s. ... The Grumman F7F Tigercat was the first twin-engined fighter aircraft design to enter service with the United States Navy. ...


By 1970, concerns with maintainability and accidents occurring in the TBM fleet led to an evaluation of the Grumman S-2 Tracker as a new generation air tanker. Although they were still active in the Navy, four were loaned to CDF for the evaluation. The Army Aviation Test Facility at Edwards Air Force Base completed a test program that showed the S-2 was a suitable replacement for the TBM. Two S-2 prototype air tankers were placed in service in 1973 with the prototype tank being built at the CDF Mobile Equipment Facility in Davis and the S-2 modification being completed by Hemet Valley Flying Service. These conversions were accomplished using plans developed by Ontario Lands and Forests in Ontario, Canada. USN redirects here. ... Edwards Air Force Base (IATA: EDW, ICAO: KEDW) is a United States Air Force airbase located on the border of Kern County and Los Angeles County, California in the Antelope Valley, 7 miles (11 km) due east of Rosamond. ... Davis is a city in Yolo County, California, United States. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...

CDF S-2T Turbine Tracker landing at Fox Field, Lancaster, California, while fighting the North Fire

Three TBM accidents in 1973 and three F7F accidents in 1974 accelerated the CDF S-2 modification program. As a result, contracts were entered into with four California contractors, Aero Union Corp., Sis-Q Flying Service, TBM Inc. and Hemet Valley Flying Service to modify and tank ten S-2 air tankers during the 1973/1974 winter period. As a result, 12 S-2As were placed in service in 1974 and five more were built by Bay Aviation Services and put into the fleet for the 1975 fire season. Lancaster, California, USA, is the eighth-largest city in Los Angeles County and the 10th fastest growing city in the United States. ...


Three separate leases with the U.S. Navy brought a total of 55 S-2s and 60 engines for the program. This allowed CDF to keep the fleet going until the mid-1990s when it was decided to upgrade from S-2A to S-2T air tankers. In 1987, CDF entered into an agreement with Marsh Aviation of Mesa, Arizona to build a prototype S-2T. This prototype was placed in service and used at several bases. The success of the prototype led to acquisition of 26 S-2E/G aircraft in 1996. The E/G series S-2 was larger and newer. It could haul 1200 gallons of retardant with two TPE-331 GR turboprop engines at speeds in excess of 200 kt (370.4 km/h). A contract for building 23 of the new S-2T airtankers was entered into, with 13 delivered by the end of 2002, seven additional aircraft delivered and placed in service by the end of 2004 and the final three in 2005. As the new air tankers were delivered and placed in service, the original S-2As are retired. Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country United States State Arizona Counties Maricopa Government  - Mayor Keno Hawker (R) Area  - City 125. ... TPE-331 Engine This is a Gas Turbine Turboprop Engine originally designed by AiRsearch and now produced by Honeywell. ... A schematic diagram showing the operation of a turboprop engine. ...


In 2007, CDF contracted with 10 Tanker Air Carrier for three years' of exclusive use of their DC-10 "super tanker" known as Tanker 910, at a cost of $5 million per year.[1] The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. ... Tanker 910 during a drop demonstration in December, 2006 Tanker 910 is the call-sign of 10 Tanker Air Carrier, a converted McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft used for fighting wildfires, typically in rural areas. ...


Air tactical aircraft

In the mid-1970s, CDF found that the contractor-owned air tactical planes, mostly single-engine Cessna 182s and Cessna 210s, did not provide the airspeed and safety needed for the new air tanker program. In 1974, CDF acquired 20 retired USAF Cessna O-2 observation aircraft from Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. These O-2s had been forward air control aircraft in Vietnam, had been shipped back to the United States in containers and were disassembled and on pallets when they arrived at CDF's Fresno maintenance facility. A crew of California Conservation Corp (CCC) members reassembled the aircraft. They were placed in service in 1976. The O-2 program was a success and served the Department for more than 20 years. The Cessna 182, marketed under the name Skylane, is a four-seat, high performance, single-engine, light airplane. ... Cessna 210 Centurion Cessna T210L A Cessna T210L shows the designs strutless cantilever wing A Cessna P210N Pressurized Centurion with its distinctive small windows The Cessna 210 Centurion is a 6 seat, high-performance, single-engine general aviation aircraft which was first flown in January 1957. ... The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare branch of the United States armed forces and one of the seven uniformed services. ... Davis-Monthan Air Force Base (IATA: DMA, ICAO: KDMA), also referred to as D-M, is a key US Air Combat Command installation, located within the city limits of Tucson, in Pima County, Arizona. ... A forward air controller (FAC) is a qualified individual who, from a forward position on the ground or in the air, directs the action of military aircraft engaged in close air support of land forces. ... “Fresno” redirects here. ...


In 1993, CDF obtained 16 twin-engine turbine-powered North American OV-10A aircraft from the U.S. Navy. The OV-10s replaced the O-2s as the CDF's next-generation air tactical platform.


CDF helicopter program

California Department of Forestry "Super Huey", formerly an EH-1H, assigned to the Bieber Helitack crew, takes off from the Mojave Airport

In 1960 the Division of Forestry decided to experiment with a small, skilled initial attack, or "helitack" crew to be transported by helicopter to increase the early arrival of manpower and equipment to an initial attack fire. Although the crews were trained for hover jumping and had purchased heli-jump suits from the US Forest Service, it was never found necessary to make a jump. Six helitack hases were established in the early 1970s. They were staffed with contracted Bell JetRangers. A typical CDF helitack crew which responded with the helicopter consisted of one fire captain and two to three seasonal firefighters. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Bieber is a town located in Lassen County, in California. ... The Mojave Spaceport, also known as the Mojave Airport and Civilian Flight Test Center, is the first facility to be licensed in the United States for horizontal launches of reusable spacecraft. ...


CDF began using contractor-owned helicopters for fire control in the mid 1960s. Bell 47, Hiller FH1100, Bell 206 JetRangers and Aerospatiale Alouettes were used the most through the 1970s. The helicopters were located at CDF facilities which protected high value timberlands and critical watershed areas generally in Northern and Central California with one located at Ryan Field in Southern California. The helicopter began playing an increasing role in the Department's Initial Attack strategy during the late 70s. In 1978 three Bell 205 medium helicopters were hired in addition to the standby helicopters. One helicopter was located at the Howard Forest, Mendocino Ranger Unit Headquarters. The other two were located at Hemet/Ryan Field and the Monte Vista, San Diego Ranger Unit Headquarters. Each of the medium helicopters was assigned 11 person helitack crews. Unfortunately, in the mid to late 1970s CDF experienced an increased accident rate throughout the helicopter program. Five accidents involving contractor-owned Bell Jet Rangers occurred in 1979. The Bell 47 was the first helicopter to be certified for civil use on 8 March 1946. ... YOH-5A LOH The Fairchild Hiller FH-1100 is a light helicopter produced mainly in the 1960s. ... The Bell Helicopter Model 206 JetRanger is a two-bladed main rotor, turbine powered helicopter with a conventional, two-bladed tail rotor. ... The Alouette II is a light helicopter originally manufactured by Sud Aviation and later Aérospatiale of France. ...


As a result of the accidents, CDF decided that better approach would be for the agency to own and operate its own helicopters. In 1981, CDF leased 12 excess UH-1F Hueys which had previously been used by the USAF in Vietnam. Nine helicopters were initially reconditioned, and were operated as non-certificated, public-use aircraft. The first helicopter was built up November, 1981 and was placed in service at Hemet-Ryan Helitack Base. Six more F Model Hueys were built up and placed in service at helitack bases throughout California in the summer of 1982. During the first two years CDF employed “Personal Service Contract” pilots. Each base was assigned a full-time pilot and a seasonal relief pilot who covered two bases. The majority of the contract pilots became state employees in 1984. The helitack unit was designed to be a cohesive unit which consisted of the helicopter and helitack crew. A typical configuration for the helicopter was a Helitack Fire Captain in the copilot's seat and a Helitack Fire Captain plus six fire-fighters in the passenger compartment. The water bucket was replaced in 1984 with a newly designed Canadian 324-gallon Bambi bucket. In the mid-1980s, fixed water dropping tanks were installed on several helicopters. Water bucket operations over ever-increasing populated regions in the urban interface areas of eastern Riverside County had been causing a concern. An accidental drop of a water bucket could cause catastrophic results, while a fixed tank reduced the exposure. In addition, some areas where the helicopters operated had few water sources from which a helicopter could fill its bucket. A fixed tank allowed the helicopter to obtain water from sources previously unobtainable with the bucket. A USMC CH-53 Super Stallion drops water from a Bambi Bucket during a training excercise. ... Riverside County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of California, stretching from Orange County to the Colorado River, which is the border with Arizona. ...


As the 1991 lease agreement expiration date with the USAF rapidly approached, the Department started a search for a replacement that ultimately resulted in the acquisition in 1989 of the UH-1H. The airframes that the Department obtained were part of 100 that had been released by the Department of Defense to the Forest Service for distribution to states as Federal Excess Personal Property (FEPP) for wildland fire fighting. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Logo of the U.S. Forest Service. ...


The UH-1H aircraft were significantly modified to meet CDF’s specialized needs. The modified helicopters were designated as "Super Hueys". The Super Huey sported a larger, more powerful engine, transmission and rotor system. The tail boom and tail rotor were also modified to accommodate the engine, giving the aircraft greater performance than the standard U.S. Army UH-1H helicopters in hotter and higher conditions typical of California. The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ...


Both the F model and the Super Huey maintenance programs were developed by CDF using the most restrictive overhaul/replacement criteria of the military or Bell Helicopter. All maintenance is performed by contract mechanics. Big Valley built up and maintained the F model helicopters from 1981 to 1990 at their Stockton facility. They also started building up the first Super Hueys in 1989. San Joaquin Helicopters completed the Super Huey build-ups and maintained them in their facility in Yolo County and later at the Aviation Management facility at Mather Field in Sacramento from 1989 to 1999. DynCorp was awarded the contract in 2000 and continued to maintain the Super Hueys at Mather and now at McClellan Air Park in North Highlands. Yolo County is located in the northern part of the U.S. state of California, bordered by the counties of Sacramento, Solano, Napa, Lake, Colusa, and Sutter. ... Mather Air Force Base was a base of the United States Air Force located in Rancho Cordova, California. ... Location of Sacramento in Sacramento County, California County Sacramento Government  - Mayor Heather Fargo Area  - City  99. ... McClellan Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located 10 miles (16 Kilometers) northeast of Sacramento, California. ... North Highlands is a census-designated place located in Sacramento County, California. ...


References

  1. ^ "Supertanker ready for summer of fighting California's fires", Inland Wildfires, June 14, 2007, accessed August 6, 2007

This article contains material that originally came from a State of California website. According to their site usage guidelines, "In general, information presented on this web site, unless otherwise indicated, is considered in the public domain. It may be distributed or copied as permitted by law". For more information, please review the site's use guidelines. is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...


External links

  • CDF air program website
  • CDF Aviation Management Procedures Handbook


 
 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms, 1022, m