CJK is a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which comprise the main East Asian languages. The term is used in the field of software and communications internationalization. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Internationalization and localization are means of adapting products such as publications or software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures. ...

The term CJKV is used to mean CJK plus Vietnamese, which used Chinese characters prior to adopting a written language solely on Romanization. In linguistics, romanization or latinization is a system for representing a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original word or language used a different writing system. ...

These languages all have a shared characteristic: Their writing systems are partly or entirely based on Chinese characters—Hanzi in Chinese, Kanji in Japanese, Hanja in Korean, and Chữ nôm in Vietnamese. Chinese requires at least 4,000 characters for a basic vocabulary and up to 40,000 characters for reasonably complete coverage. Whereas Japanese and Korean use fewer characters—general literacy in Japan can be expected with about 2,000 characters—idiosyncratic use of Chinese characters in proper names requires knowledge (and therefore availability) of many more. The number of characters required for complete coverage of all these languages' needs cannot fit in the 256-character code space of 8-bit encodings, requiring at least a 16-bit fixed width character encoding or multi-byte variable-length encodings. The 16-bit fixed width encodings, such as Unicode up to and including version 2.0, are now deprecated due to the requirement that software in China support the GB18030 character set. A writing system, also called a script, is a type of symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in language. ... 漢字 hànzì, hanja, kanji… in Traditional Chinese and other languages. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 Category Kanji (   漢字?, literally Han characters) are Chinese characters used in Japanese. ... Hanja (lit. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The word encoding has a number of meanings. ... A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a set of characters (representations of graphemes or grapheme-like units, such as might appear in an alphabet or syllabary for the communication of a natural language) with a set of something else, such as numbers or electrical pulses, in order... In computing, Unicode provides an international standard which has the goal of providing the means to encode the text of every document people want to store on computers. ... GB18030 is the registered internet name for the official character set of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Although CJK encodings have common character sets, the encodings often used to represent them have been developed separately by different East Asian governments and software companies, and are mutually incompatible. Unicode has attempted, with some controversy, to unify the character sets in a process known as Han unification. In computing, Unicode provides an international standard which has the goal of providing the means to encode the text of every document people want to store on computers. ... Han unification is the process used by the authors of Unicode and the Universal Character Set to map multiple character sets of the CJK languages into a single set of unified characters. ...

CJK character encodings should consist minimally of Han characters plus language-specific phonetic scripts such as pinyin, bopomofo, hiragana, katakana, and Hangul. Pinyin (拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin. ... Zh yīn F o (注音符號), or Symbols for Annotating Sounds, often abbreviated as Zhuyin, or known as Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) for the first four syllables of these Chinese phonetic symbols, is the national phonetic system of the Republic of China (based on Taiwan) for teaching the Chinese languages, especially Standard Mandarin... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 Category Hiragana (平仮名 literally smooth kana) are a Japanese syllabary, one of four Japanese writing systems (the others are katakana, kanji and rōmaji). ... Japanese writing Kanji 漢字 Kana 仮名 Hiragana 平仮名 Katakana 片仮名 Uses Furigana 振り仮名 Okurigana 送り仮名 Romaji ローマ字 Katakana (片仮名, literally: partial kana) are a Japanese syllabary, one of four Japanese writing systems (the others are hiragana, kanji and rōmaji). ... Hangul (한글) is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language, as opposed to the Hanja system borrowed from China. ...

CJK character encodings include:

• Big5
• EUC-JP
• EUC-KR
• GB18030 (the mandated standard in the People's Republic of China)
• GB2312
• ISO 2022-JP
• Shift-JIS
• Unicode

The CJK character sets take up the bulk of the Unicode code space. There is much controversy among Japanese experts of Chinese characters about the desirability and technical merit of the Han unification process used to map multiple Chinese and Japanese characters sets into a single set of unified glyphs. Big-5 or Big5 is a character encoding method used in Taiwan (Republic of China) and Hong Kong for Traditional Chinese characters. ... Extended Unix Coding (EUC) is an 8-bit character encoding used primarily for Japanese and Korean. ... Extended Unix Coding (EUC) is an 8-bit character encoding used primarily for Japanese and Korean. ... GB18030 is the registered internet name for the official character set of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... GB2312 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022, is an ISO standard (equivalent to the ECMA standard ECMA-35) specifying a technique for including multiple character sets in a single character encoding. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... In computing, Unicode provides an international standard which has the goal of providing the means to encode the text of every document people want to store on computers. ... In computing, Unicode provides an international standard which has the goal of providing the means to encode the text of every document people want to store on computers. ...

See also

• Chinese character encoding
• Chinese input methods for computers
• Japanese language and computers
• Korean language and computers
• Chữ nôm and computers
• Variable-width encoding
• Complex Text Layout languages (CTL)
• CJK Triangle

æ==References==È Š Chinese character encoding is needed for the display of Chinese characters in computers, used in the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and (rarely) Vietnamese languages (collectively CJK). ... The Chinese language uses a logographic script—one in which one character corresponds roughly to one word or meaning—there are vastly more characters, or glyphs, than there are keys on a standard computer keyboard. ... In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise, some unique to Japanese and others common to languages which use double-byte character encodings. ... Computers represent the Korean language in a variety of ways. ... Variable-width encoding is a character encoding scheme in which units of differing lengths are used to encode a coded character set (a repertoire with numbers assigned to it) in computer memory or storage. ... Complex Text Layout languages (frequently referred to as CTL languages) are languages whose writing systems require complex transformations between text input and text display for proper rendering on the screen or the printed page. ... CJK Triangle (also CJK Collective, CJK Trio or sometimes just CJK) is a blanket term that refers to common elements of the pop culture between the three nations of China, Japan and Korea. ...

• DeFrancis, John. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990. ISBN 0824810686.
• Hannas, William C. Asia's Orthographic Dilemma. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997. ISBN 082481892X (paperback); ISBN 0824818423 (hardcover).
• Lunde, Ken. CJKV Information Processing. Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates, 1998. ISBN 1565922247.

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (FOLDOC) is an on-line, searchable encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects. ... GNU logo The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ...

External links

• http://www.praxagora.com/lunde/cjk_inf.html