For the Czechoslovak engineering company, see ČKD. The acronym may also refer to chronic kidney disease.

CKD is a three-letter acronym that stands for Complete, Knocked Down, which is a complete kit needed to assemble a vehicle. It is a common practice among car manufacturers to sell knocked down kits to their foreign affiliates in order to avoid high import taxes and/or receive tax preferences for providing local employment. An incomplete kit is known as SKD or Semi Knocked Down, while cars assembled in the country of origin and exported whole are known as BUX, or Built-Up Export. ÄŒKD Tatra-T3 tram car in Kiev. ... Chronic renal failure (CRF, or chronic kidney failure, CKF, or chronic kidney disease, CKD) is a slowly progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years and defined as an abnormally low glomerular filtration rate, which is usually determined indirectly by the creatinine level in blood serum. ... The TLA (three-letter acronym or three-letter abbreviation) is a TLA and is the most popular type of abbreviation in technical terminology, and is also very common in general language. ... Karl Benzs Velo model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race An automobile (or motor car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ...

KD kit assembling plants are cheaper to maintain because there is hardly any modern robotic equipment and the working force is usually much less expensive in comparison to the home country, so they are perfect for low-volume production. The CKD concept allows firms in developing markets to gain expertise in a particular industry. At the same time, the CKD kit exporting company gains new markets that would otherwise be closed.

In most basic form, a car in KD kit lacks only the engine, battery and transmission, which are either supplied as parts for assembly (a "complete" kit) or obtained from 3rd parties (a "semi-complete" kit); wheels and all of the interiors are already installed on the head factory. To gain some extra tax preferences, the manufacturer needs to further localize the car, i.e. increase the share of parts produced by local manufacturers, such as tires, wheels, seats, headlights, windscreens and glass, batteries, interior plastics, etc. down to the engine and transmission. At some point, even the steel body could be pressed, welded, and painted locally; this effectively makes KD assembly only a couple of steps behind the full-scale production. An engine is something that produces some effect from a given input. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image:Gearbox. ...

Examples

1962 Renault Rambler - a CKD of AMC's Rambler Classic

AMC Javelin assembled in Germany by Karmann

The Mahindra & Mahindra company in India began its business in 1947 by assembling CKD Jeeps. Mahindra expanded their operations to include domestic manufacture of Jeep vehicles with a high level of local content under license from Kaiser Jeep Corporation and later American Motors (AMC). By 2005, Mahindra had become the largest producer of SUVs in India. Image File history File links 1962RenaultRamber. ... Image File history File links 1962RenaultRamber. ... Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... The Rambler Classic was an intermediate sized automobile that was built and sold by American Motors Corporation from 1961 to 1966. ... Image File history File links 1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann. ... Image File history File links 1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann. ... 1973 AMC Javelin AMX Pierre Cardin edition The AMC Javelin was a sporty coupe_type automobile in the pony car class built by American Motors Corporation between 1968 and 1974. ... Wilhelm Karmann GmbH in Osnabrück, Germany is an independent company in the motor vehicle industry. ... Jeep is an automobile marque (and registered trademark) of DaimlerChrysler. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ...

Beginning in 1962, and continuing through 1967, AMC also sold CKD kits of its passenger cars to Renault. They were assembled in Renault's factory in Belgium and sold through its dealers in Algeria, Austria, Belgium, France, Holland, and Luxembourg. The deal allowed AMC to sell its cars in new markets without a having to make a major Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The arrangement was good for the French automaker because its product range was lacking large cars and it needed to offer an "executive" model. The situation changed by 1977. It was now AMC that sought outside support for a new car in the sub-compact segment, which lead to the first of many agreements with Renault. Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as a long term investment by a foreign direct investor in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that in which the foreign direct investor is based. ... The Nash Metropolitan of the 1950s was an early subcompact car. ...

In 1968, the independent German auto firm, Karmann began assembly of CKD kits of AMC's newly introduced Javelin for distribution in Europe. American Motors also provided right hand drive versions of their automobiles to markets such as Australia and South Africa. The components were shipped in containers to Australia from AMC's plants in Kenosha, Wisconsin, or Brampton, Ontario. Assembly was by Australian Motor Industries (AMI) in Port Melbourne, Victoria. Local content requirements were met by using Australian suppliers for the interiors (seats, carpeting, etc.) as well as for lights, heaters, and other components. Wilhelm Karmann GmbH in Osnabrück, Germany is an independent company in the motor vehicle industry. ... 1973 AMC Javelin AMX Pierre Cardin edition The AMC Javelin was a sporty coupe_type automobile in the pony car class built by American Motors Corporation between 1968 and 1974. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... This article concerns rules of the road regarding land vehicles; for sea-going vehicles, see International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. ... Kenosha is a city in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. ... Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Region Peel Incorporation 1853 (village)   1873 (town)   1974 (city) Mayor Susan Fennell Governing Body Brampton City Council (click for members) MPs Navdeep Bains, Colleen Beaumier, Ruby Dhalla, Gurbax Malhi MPPs Vic Dhillon, Linda Jeffrey, Kuldip Kular Area    - City 266. ... AMI emblem attached on American Motors cars assembled during 1968-1978 Australian Motor Industries (AMI) was a corporation and an important participant in the automobile industry in Australia. ... Port Melbourne is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ...

Cars built in New Zealand up until the late 1990's were imported as CKD kits and assembled locally. This made them amongst the most expensive vehicles in the world, but provided local employment and reduced the trade deficit.

More recent examples include the Ukraine, which has almost prohibitive import taxes on finished cars. AutoZAZ assembles CKD kits of some Lada, Opel, Mercedes-Benz and Daewoo cars. It went as far as adopting a version of Daewoo Lanos for full-scale production and equipping it with a domestic engine. In a similar approach, an (undisclosed?) Swedish company buys used busses, disassembles them and then exports to Ukraine as spare parts; then they are reassembled into full busses at the local plant. ZAZ or Zaporizhia Automobile Building Plant (Ukrainian: ЗАЗ, Запорізький автомобілебудівельний завод) is the main automobile-manufacturer of Ukraine, based in the south-eastern city of Zaporizhzhya. ... Lada logo Lada is the trademark of AutoVAZ, a Russian car manufacturer. ... This article is about the European car manufacturer. ... This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ... GM Daewoo Motors logo GM Daewoo Auto & Technology (GM Daewoo or GMDAT) was first established as National Motor in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, South Korea. ... The Daewoo Lanos was a subcompact car designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and produced by Daewoo Motors from 1997 to 2005. ...

In Russia, the most known KD assembling facilities are owned by Avtotor company; it produces Hummer H2, BMW 3-series and BMW 5-series in Kaliningrad, and Renault Logan is built in Moscow on the facilities that once belonged to AZLK. The H2 SUV/SUT/Hydrogen is the second vehicle sold under the Hummer marque of General Motors. ... The BMW 3-Series is a line of compact sedans manufactured by BMW since May, 1975. ... The BMW 5-Series is a series of medium size automobiles manufactured by BMW in Germany. ... Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Northwestern Federal District Kaliningrad Oblast Mayor Yuri Savenko (2005) Geographical characteristics Area  - City 215. ... Logan is a low cost automobile produced by Renault and Dacia. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... AZLK (АЗЛК in Russian) is a Russian automobile factory (Moscow), the maker of the Moskvitch brand. ...

In Mexico, BMW and Porsche have a joint-assembly plant for a number of their models sold in North America. BMW AG (an acronym for Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, or in English, Bavarian Motor Works), is an independent German company and manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. ... Dr. Ing. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...