Clamp is a character in the television show Galaktik Football.
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Sliding clamps are ring-shaped proteins that encircle DNA and enable polymerases—enzymes that replicate DNA—to relax and regain their hold on DNA strands without losing their place, despite the considerable torque that results from the production of double-helical DNA.
There, they used x-ray diffraction to reveal the structure of a sliding clamp from a yeast species as it is bound to a clamp loader, a five-subunit protein motor that both opens and closes the clamp and targets it toward freshly unwound DNA strands that are ready for replication.
The clamp loader recognizes the junction where DNA changes from double stranded to single stranded, and it couples this recognition with a structure that forces the clamp loader to release the clamp from around the DNA.
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