Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. It is involved in the metabolism of several important groups of drugs including many proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptics. Cytochrome P450 Oxidase (CYP2E1) Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes (EC 1. ... A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. ... Proton pump inhibitors are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ...

Genetic polymorphism exists for CYP2C19 expression, with approximately 3–5% of Caucasian and 15–20% of Asian populations being poor metabolisers with no CYP2C19 function. Typical Caucasian skull The term Caucasian race, Caucasian or Caucasoid is used to refer to people whose ancestry can be traced back to Europe, North Africa, West Asia, Indian subcontinent and parts of Central Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Asian people. ...

CYP2C19 Ligands

Carbamazepine (sold under the brand-names Biston, Calepsin, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Finlepsin, Sirtal, Stazepine, Tegretol, Telesmin, Timonil) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ... A progestin is a synthetic progestagen. ... Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug which is usually taken orally and can be used for a large number of different conditions. ... Rifampicin (INN) (IPA: ) or rifampin (USAN) is a bacteriocidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group. ... Binomial name Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus, St Johns wort used alone refers to the species Hypericum perforatum, also known as Klamath weed or Goat weed, but is used with qualifiers to refer to any species of the genus Hypericum. ... Chloramphenicol (or 2,2-dichlor-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenethyl]acetamide) is an antibiotic that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. ... Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach. ... Fluoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug used medically in the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and panic disorder. ... Fluvoxamine maleate (sold under the brand-names Luvox® and Faverin®) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. ... Indomethacin (USAN) or indometacin (INN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling. ... Ketoconazole Nizoral Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Due to its side-effect profile, it has been superseded by newer antifungals, such as fluconazole and itraconazole. ... Lansoprazole, marketed as Takepron (in Japan), Prevacid and Zoton, is a proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. ... Modafinil (commercial trade names Provigil, Modiodal (UK, France, Mexico), Vigil (Germany), Sparlon (US), Alertec (Canada), and possibly Vigicer) is an eugeroic drug generally prescribed to treat narcolepsy, made by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon Inc. ... Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GORD and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. ... Oxcarbazepine (Marketed as Trileptal® by Novartis) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ... Probenecid is a uricosuric drug, primarily used in treating gout or hyperuricemia, that increases uric acid removal in the urine. ... Ticlopidine is a drug used for its antiplatelet action. ... Topiramate (brand name: Topamax®) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil, a division of Johnson & Johnson. ... Amitriptyline hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug from the tricyclic antidepressant group, which is sold under the trade names Elavil®, Tryptanol® or Endep®. It is a white, odorless, crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water. ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ... Diazepam (IPA: ), marketed under brand names Valium, Stesolid, Seduxen, Bosaurin and Apozepam)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Phenytoin sodium (marketed as Dilantin® in the USA and as Epanutin® in the UK, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer) is a commonly used antiepileptic. ... Phenobarbital (also phenobarbitone) (Luminal®) is a weak acid with the chemical formula C12H12N2O3. ... {{drugbox | | IUPAC_name = 1-( | prr Lexaproâ„¢), which is simply the S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram (see below), and aquired a new patent for it. ... Clomipramine (brand-name Anafranil®) is a tricyclic antidepressant. ... Cyclophosphamide (the generic name for Cytoxan, Neosar) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. ... Imipramine (tradenames: Janimine®, Tofranil®) is an antidepressant medication belonging to a class called tricyclic antidepressants of the dibenzazepine group, mainly used in the treatment of clinical depression and enuresis. ... Indomethacin (USAN) or indometacin (INN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling. ... Moclobemide (sold as Aurorix®, Manerix®) is a psychiatric drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. ... Nelfinavir (Viracept®) is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Primidone, is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class whose active metabolites, phenobarbital (minor) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (major), are also anticonvulsants. ... Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. ... Proguanil (proguanil hydrochloride) is a prophylactic antimalarial drug, which works by stopping the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, from reproducing once it is in the red blood cells. ... Propranolol (INN) (IPA: ) is a non-selective beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of hypertension. ... Proton pump inhibitors are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. ... Lansoprazole, marketed as Takepron (in Japan), Prevacid and Zoton, is a proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. ... Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GORD and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. ... Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor drug used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. ... Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor sold (as its sodium salt) under the brand name Aciphex and Pariet (distributed by Janssen-Ortho). ... Teniposide is a prescribed medication mainly used to treat childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. ... Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin®, Jantoven®, Marevan®, and Waran®) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. ...

See also

• Cytochrome P450 oxidase