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Cabbage
Cabbage, cultivar unknown
Species
Brassica oleracea
Cultivar group
Capitata Group
Origin
Mediterranean, 1st century
Cultivar group members
Many; see text.

The cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group), is a plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae). It is a herbaceous, biennial, and dicotyledonous flowering plant with leaves forming a characteristic compact cluster. Cabbages grown late in autumn and in the beginning of winter are called coleworts. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Cabbage at a market near Greenville, Mississippi. ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Brassica oleracea L. See also cabbage Brassica oleracea or Wild Cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its resistance to salt and lime but intolerance of competition from other plants typically restricts its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The 1st century was that century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... For other uses, see FAT. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin showing coloured alpha helices. ... For the similarly spelled pyrimidine, see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as vitamin B1 and aneurine hydrochloride, is one of the B vitamins. ... Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in animals. ... Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. ... Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin required to sustain life (essential nutrient). ... Pyridoxine Pyridoxal phosphate Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. ... Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ... This article is about the nutrient. ... For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ... Fe redirects here. ... Introduction Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. ... General Name, symbol, number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ... General Name, symbol, number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, period, block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 39. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. ... Binomial name Brassica oleracea L. See also cabbage Brassica oleracea or Wild Cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its resistance to salt and lime but intolerance of competition from other plants typically restricts its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs. ... Genera See text. ... This article is about the plants used in cooking and medicine. ... A Biennial plant is a plant that takes between twelve and twenty-four months to complete its lifecycle. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ...

The cabbage is derived from a leafy wild mustard plant, native to the Mediterranean region. It was known to the ancient Greeks and Romans; Cato the Elder praised this vegetable for its medicinal properties, declaring that "it is first of all the vegetables".^[1]. The English name derives from the Normanno-Picard caboche ("head"). Cabbage was developed by ongoing artificial selection for suppression of the internode length. The dense core of the cabbage is called the babchka^{[citation needed]}. It is related to the turnip. Binomial name Brassica oleracea L. See also cabbage Brassica oleracea or Wild Cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its resistance to salt and lime but intolerance of competition from other plants typically restricts its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Marcus Porcius Cato (Latin: M·PORCIVS·M·F·CATO[1]) (234 BC, Tusculum–149 BC) was a Roman statesman, surnamed the Censor (Censorius), Sapiens, Priscus, or the Elder (Major), to distinguish him from Cato the Younger (his great-grandson). ... Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. ... Picard is a language closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. ... Trinomial name Brassica rapa rapa L. For similar vegetables also called turnip, see Turnip (disambiguation). ...

The sharp or bitter taste sometimes present in cabbage is due to glucosinolate(s). Glucosinolate structure; side group R varies The glucosinolates are a class of organic compounds that contain sulfur, nitrogen and a group derived from glucose. ...

Uses

The only part of the plant that is normally eaten is the leafy head; more precisely, the spherical cluster of immature leaves, excluding the partially unfolded outer leaves. The so-called 'cabbage head' is widely consumed raw, cooked, or preserved in a great variety of dishes. Cabbage is a leaf vegetable. Fresh Swiss chard Fresh water spinach Creamed spinach Steamed kale Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. ...

Raw

Raw cabbage is usually sliced into thin strips or shredded for use in salads, such as coleslaw. It can also replace iceberg lettuce in sandwiches. A bowl of coleslaw Coleslaw (or cole slaw) is a salad consisting primarily and minimally of shredded, raw, white cabbage, although it often also includes shredded carrots. ... Binomial name Lactuca sativa L. Lettuce is a temperate annual or biennial plant most often grown as a leaf vegetable. ...

Cooked

Cabbage is often added to soups or stews. Cabbage soup is popular in central Europe and eastern Europe, and cabbage is an ingredient in some kinds of borscht. Cabbage is also used in many popular dishes in India. Boiling tenderizes the leaves and releases sugars, which leads to the characteristic "cabbage" aroma. Boiled cabbage has become stigmatized in North America because of its strong cooking odor and the belief that it causes flatulence. Boiled cabbage as an accompaniment to meats and other dishes can be an opportune source of vitamins and dietary fiber. Stuffed cabbage is an East European and Middle Eastern delicacy. The leaves are softened by parboiling or placing the whole head of cabbage in the freezer, and then filled with chopped meat and/or rice. For other uses, see Soup (disambiguation). ... Beef Stew A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in water or other water-based liquid, typically by simmering, and that are then served without being drained. ... Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Eastern European cuisine is the cuisine of Eastern Europe. ... Borscht with sour cream. ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely-traded commodity. ... Flatulence is the presence of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of mammals. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water and making defecation easier. ... A cabbage roll is a savory food item made with a variety of fillings wrapped in cabbage. ... Parboil is an action which refers to partially boiling food in water before finishing cooking it by another method. ...

Fermented and preserved

Cabbage is the basis for the German sauerkraut and Korean kimchi. To pickle cabbage it is placed in a jar, covered with water and salt, and left in a warm place for several days to ferment. Sauerkraut was historically prepared at home in large batches, as a way of storing food for the winter. Cabbage can also be pickled in vinegar with various spices, alone or in combination with other vegetables. Korean baechu kimchi is usually sliced thicker than its European counterpart, and the addition of onions, chilies, minced garlic and gingers is common. Sauerkraut and sausage on a plate Pickled Eisbein, served with Sauerkraut Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Kimchi, also spelled gimchi or kimchee, is a traditional Korean fermented dish made of some select vegetables with varied seasonings, most commonly referring to the spicy baechu variety. ...

Medicinal properties

Cabbage is an excellent source of Vitamin C. It also contains significant amounts of glutamine, an amino acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties. This article is about the class of chemicals. ...

It is a source of indol-3-carbinol, or I3C, a compound used as an adjuvent therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, a disease of the head and neck caused by human papillomavirus (usually types 6 and 11) that causes growths in the airway that can lead to death. Laryngeal papillomatosis, also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, is a rare medical condition, caused by an HPV infection of the throat. ...

In European folk medicine, cabbage leaves are used to treat acute inflammation.^[2] A paste of raw cabbage may be placed in a cabbage leaf and wrapped around the affected area to reduce discomfort. Some claim it is effective in relieving painfully engorged breasts in breastfeeding women.^[3]

Varieties

There are many varieties of cabbage based on shape and time of maturity. Traditional varieties include "Late Flat Dutch", "Early Jersey Wakefield" (a conical variety), "Danish Ballhead" (late, round -headed). Savoy Cabbage has a round head with crinkled leaves. Red cabbage is a small, round headed type with dark red leaves. Krautman is the most common variety for commercial production of sauerkrauts. Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Capitata Group The Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. ...

Cultivation

Garden of flowering kale, a member of the cabbage family, in Shanghai, China.

Broadly speaking, cabbage varieties come in two groups, early and late. The early varieties mature in about 45 days. They produce small heads which do not keep well and are intended for consumption while fresh. The late cabbage matures in about 87 days, and produces a larger head. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1712, 1859 KB) Summary Description: Purple and white cabbages planted in a circular pattern form a pretty garden in Shanghai, China. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1712, 1859 KB) Summary Description: Purple and white cabbages planted in a circular pattern form a pretty garden in Shanghai, China. ...

Cabbage can be started indoors or sowed directly. Like all brassicae, cabbage is a cool season crop, so early and late plantings do better than those maturing in the heat of the summer.

Cabbage output in 2005

Control of insect pests is important, particularly in commercial production where appearance is a driver of success. The pesticides sevin and malathion are both listed for use on cabbage. The caterpillars of some butterflies in the family Pieridae (the "whites") feed on brassicas and can be serious pests; see also List of Lepidoptera that feed on Brassica. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of cabbage output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (China - 34,101,000 tonnes). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/png)This bubble map shows the global distribution of cabbage output in 2005 as a percentage of the top producer (China - 34,101,000 tonnes). ... A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used for preventing, controlling, or lessening the damage caused by a pest. ... Carbaryl is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. ... Malathion is a organophosphate parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. ... For other uses, see Caterpillar (disambiguation). ... Superfamilies and families Superfamily Hedyloidea: Hedylidae Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae Pieridae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Riodinidae A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. ... Type species Pieris brassicae (Large White) Diversity 76 genera 1,051 species Subfamilies Dismorphiinae Pseudopontiinae Pierinae Coliadinae The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies. ...

Cabbages keep well and were thus a common winter vegetable before refrigeration and long-distance shipping of produce. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and rejecting it elsewhere for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. ...

China is leader in production of cabbages followed by India and then Russian Federation.

Top Ten Cabbage Producers — 2005
Country	Production (Int $1000)	Footnote	Production (MT)	Footnote
People's Republic of China	4,921,150	C	34,101,000	F
India	881,400	C	6,000,000	F
Russia	585,396	C	3,985,000	*
South Korea	484,770	C	3,300,000	F
Japan	323,180	C	2,200,000	F
United States	316,668	C	2,155,670	F
Ukraine	239,741	C	1,632,000	*
Poland	205,660	C	1,400,000
Indonesia	189,896	C	1,292,687
Germany	143,228	C	975,000	F
No symbol = official figure,F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure; Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Devision Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ...

Related Brassica oleracea varieties

Besides cabbage proper, the species Brassica oleracea has many distinctive cultivars, which are commonly known by other names: broccoli (Italica Group), cauliflower (Botrytis Group), kale, collard greens, and spring greens (Acephala Group), kohlrabi (Gongylodes Group), brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group), Chinese kale or Chinese broccoli (Alboglabra Group), broccolini (Italica × Alboglabra Group), and broccoflower (Italica × Botrytis Group). This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ... Cauliflower within Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. ... Kale or Borecole is a form of cabbage (Brassica oleracea Acephala Group), green in color, in which the central leaves do not form a head. ... Collards, also called collard greens or borekale (Brassica oleracea Acephala Group), are various loose-leafed cultivars of the cabbage plant. ... Spring greens are a form of kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head or only a very loose one. ... Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea Gongylodes Group) is a low, stout cultivar of the cabbage which has been selected for its swollen, nearly spherical, Sputnik-like shape. ... The Brussels (or brussels or brussel) sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) of the Brassicaceae family, is a cultivar group of Wild Cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Alboglabra Group Kai-lan (Chinese 芥蘭 trad. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Italica Group x Alboglabra Group Broccolini is a green vegetable resembling broccoli. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...

Linguistic associations

During World War II, "kraut" (cabbage) was a racial slur for Germans. In Hebrew, the term "rosh kruv" (cabbage head) implies stupidity.

In England in the late 1950s, French language teachers taught from a textbook the phrase "ma petite chou" -- my little cabbage -- as an endearment from a man to a woman. This is still used today as can be seen at: ^[4]

“See there ma petite chou, now everything is worked out.” Patricia turned and walked back to the desk. “Gérard, why must you call me ma petite chou all the time?” “Ma chérie, it is an endearment. If you understood that in French…” She cut him off mid sentence. “I know what it means Gérard. Even with my limited French vocabulary I know that it means my small cabbage.” “But that is not the endearment. You do not understand…”'

In England, cabbage is a slang synonym for "cash", especially paper money.^[5]

References

1. ^ "Brassica est quae omnibus holeribus antistat" (De Agri Cultura, ch. 156)
2. ^ Helen M Woodman. "Cabbage leaves are poor man's poultice". British Medical Journal. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
3. ^ Alison Munns. "Cabbage leaves can help inflammation of any body part". British Medical Journal. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
4. ^ Writing.Com: Shamrocks Falling Chapter 9
5. ^ Cabbage entry at Reference.com's Thesaurus

De Agri Cultura (On Farming or On Agriculture), written around 150 BC by Cato the Elder, is the first surviving work of Latin prose. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Look up cabbage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Cabbage.

• Chinese cabbage resembles cabbage, but is derived from a different species of the same genus, Brassica campestris
• Kerguelen cabbage is the distantly related Pringlea antiscorbutica
• Cabbage soup diet
• Cabbage Patch Kids
• ((Cabbage Head - Tilbury, Ontario))

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa, chinensis group) is a Chinese leaf vegetable related to the Western cabbage. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Hook. ... The Cabbage soup diet is a radical weight loss diet designed around heavy consumption of low-calorie cabbage soup over the space of seven days. ... Two Cabbage Patch Kids dolls Cabbage Patch Kids are a brand of doll created by Xavier Roberts in 1978. ...

External links

• PROTAbase on Brassica oleracea (kohlrabi)