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When a aircraft reaches high altitudes, it becomes necessary for the cabin to be pressurised. This is because, as the plane gains altitude, the atmospheric pressure decreases, and the amount of oxygen becomes insufficient for humans to breathe properly. The maximum operational height of a plane includes considerations for cabin pressure. An aircraft is any machine capable of atmospheric flight. ...
A cabin or cab is an enclosed space, in a ship, see cabin (ship), in an aircraft or spacecraft as a log cabin as in a hansom cab see also Uncle Toms Cabin This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share...
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the measure of the force that acts on a unit area. ...
Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum, called zero level. ...
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure caused by the weight of air above any area in the Earths atmosphere. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ...
Unpressurized Flight
A lack of sufficient oxygen will bring on hypoxia by reducing the alveolar oxygen tension. In some individuals, symptoms may begin as low as 1500 metre (5000 feet) above MSL, although most passengers can tolerate altitudes of 8,000 feet without ill effect. Hypoxia has several meanings: Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen in tissues, see Hypoxia (medical) Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen in a water body leading to the death of organisms, see Hypoxia (water) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share...
Alveolars are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, the internal side of the upper gums (known as the alveoles of the upper teeth). ...
metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ...
This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ...
The acroynm MSL may mean: Malaysian Sign Language Mean Sea Level Major Soccer League Mars Science Laboratory This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Passengers may also develop fatigue or headache as the plane flies higher. As the operational altitude increases, reactions become sluggish and unconsciousness will eventually result. A headache is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes upper back or neck pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ...
Sustained flight operations above 10,000 feet are generally not possible without pressurisation.
Pressurized Flight Aircraft which routinely fly above 10,000 feet are generally pressurized by an Environmental Control System (ECS) using air provided by compressors or bleed air. These systems maintain air pressure equivalent to 8000 ft or less, even during flight at altitudes above 43,000 ft. The Environmental Control System of an airplane provides air supply, thermal control and pressurization for the passengers and crew. ...
Compressor has several meanings: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that takes in a gas and increases its pressure by squeezing a volume of it into a smaller volume. ...
Bleed air in jet turbines is compressed air taken from within the engine, after the compressor stage(s) and before the fuel is injected in the burners. ...
As the airplane climbs or descends, some passengers will experience discomfort as trapped gasses within their bodies respond to the changing cabin pressure. The most common problems occur with gas trapped in the gastrointestinal tract, the middle ear and the paranasal sinuses. For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and...
For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ...
It is always an emergency if a pressurised aircraft suffers a pressurisation failure above 10,000 feet. If this occurs the pilot must immediately place the plane in an emergency descent and activate emergency oxygen for all passengers and crew. General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ...
Rapid Loss of Pressurization (Rapid Decompression) One consequence of cabin pressurization is that the pressure inside the airplane may be 10 psi, while the pressure outside is barely above 2 psi. A harmless pinhole under these pressure differences will generate a high-pitched squeal as the air leaks out at supersonic speeds. A hole only five feet across will depressurize a jetliner in a fraction of a second. Psi (Ψ ψ) is a letter of the Greek alphabet. ...
Any speed over the speed of sound, which is approximately 343 m/s or 761 mph or 1,225 km/h at sea level, is said to be supersonic. ...
Rapid decompression of commercial aircraft is extremely rare, but dangerous. People directly next to a hole may be sucked out or injured by flying debris. Floors and internal panels may deform. Hypoxia will result in loss of conciousness in seconds without emergency oxygen, and the air temperature will plummet due to expansion, potentially resulting in frostbite. Frostbite - or Congelatio in medical terminology - is the medical condition where damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme cold. ...
- Contrary to Hollywood myth, people just a few feet from the hole are more at risk from hypoxia than from being sucked out.
- Contrary to Hollywood myth, a bullet hole in a window, or even the loss of an entire passenger window, will not cause rapid decompression. This was demonstrated on Mythbusters.
Mythbusters Adam (left) and Jamie MythBusters is a science television program on the Discovery Channel starring Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, two special effect specialists who set out to prove or disprove myths and urban legends of popular culture. ...
Effects of Cabin Pressurization on an Aircraft Fuselage As the airplane is pressurized and depressurized, the metal skin of the airplane expands and contracts, resulting in metal fatigue. Modern aircraft are designed to resist this compression cycle, however some early jetliners (see De Havilland Comet) had fatal accidents due to underdesign for fatigue. In materials science, fatigue is a process by which a material is weakened by cyclic loading. ...
De Havilland Comet - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
Effects of Ccabin Pressurization on the Human Body - Ear and paranasal sinuses - One needs to adjust to the pressurized cabin air from the beginning. 1 in 3 passengers suffer ear discomfort, pain and temporary hearing loss on takeoff or landing, called "aerotitus" by the House Ear Institute in Los Angeles. Rapid changes in air pressure cause the air pocket inside the ear to expand during takeoff and contract during descent, stretching the eardrum. To equalize pressure, air must enter or escape through the Eustachian tube. "If a passenger has serious congestion, they risk ear drum damage", says Sigfrid Soli, Ph.D., head of the HCSD Department at the HSI(?).
- Tooth - Anyone with intestinal gas or gas trapped in an infected tooth may also experience Barodontalgia, a toothache provoked by exposure to changing atmospheric pressure.
For an alternative meaning, see ear (botany). ...
The paranasal sinuses are eight (four pairs) air-filled spaces, or sinuses, within the bones of the skull and face. ...
This article is about the largest city in California. ...
The tympanum or tympanic membrane, colloquially known as eardrum, is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. ...
The Eustachian tube is a part of the ear, an evolutionary descendant of the gills in fish. ...
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ...
HSI, a TLA meaning: Horizontal Situation Indicator; similar to a CDI; an instrument used to determine aircraft position relative to a naviation aid, or to fly TO or FROM a navigation aid. ...
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
Noted incidents Payne Stewart (January 30, 1957 - October 25, 1999) was an American golfer. ...
An aircraft is any machine capable of atmospheric flight. ...
Alternate meanings: Accident (fallacy), Accident (philosophy), Accident (movie), Accident, Maryland An accident is something going wrong. ...
See also When expressed as a measurement, an atmosphere or standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure roughly equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level on the earth. ...
Bleed air in jet turbines is compressed air taken from within the engine, after the compressor stage(s) and before the fuel is injected in the burners. ...
Explosive decompression (ED) is a sudden drop in pressure that occurs in 0. ...
A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. ...
Rarefaction is the reduction of a mediums density, or the opposite of compression. ...
Apollo 15 space suit A spacesuit is a complex system of garments, equipment, and environmental systems designed to keep a person alive and comfortable in the harsh environment of outer space. ...
References Portions from the United States Naval Flight Surgeon's Manual (http://www.vnh.org/FSManual/01/07RapidDecompress.html) |
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