NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cabinda (province)

Cabinda is a territory, ocupied by Angola. Its illigal ocupation status as a province of Angola has been disputed by many political organizations in and out of Cabinda. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The municipalities of Belize, Cacongo and Buco Zau are in the territory. Cabinda is a city located in northwestern Angola. ...

Modern Cabinda results from the fusion of three kingdoms: N'Goyo, Loango and Kacongo. It is 7,283 km² in area, and has a population of 300,000 inhabitants. According to 1988 US government statistics, the total population of the province was 147,200, with a near even split between total rural and urban populations. About one third of Cabindans are refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (known as Zaïre until 1997). It is separated from Angola by DR Congo, which bounds the province on the south and the east. Cabinda is bounded on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Adjacent to the coast are some of the biggest oilfields in the world; the exploration began in 1954. Ngoyo was an Iron Age kingdom state of the Woyo tribe, located in the south of Cabinda (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola). ... Loango was an African city from approximately 15th Century - 19th Century in what is now the Republic of Congo. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Motto: (French for Justice - Peace - Work) Anthem(s): Capital Kinshasa Largest city Kinshasa Official language(s) French (Lingala, Kikongo, Swahili, Tshiluba are national languages) Government Republic - President Mobutu Sese Seko Independence From Belgium - Date June 30, 1960 Area - Total 2,345,410 kmÂ² (12th) 905,567 sq mi - Water (%) 3. ...

Cabinda produces hardwoods, coffee, cacao, rubber, and palm oil products. Petroleum production began in 1968 and now accounts for most of Angola's production. Cabinda produces 700,000 barrels of crude oil per day. Cabinda Oil is associated with Sonangol, Agip Angola Lda. The Sonangol has (41%), Chevron (39.2%) Total (10%) and Eni (9.8%). Beech is a typical temperate zone hardwood The term hardwood designates wood from angiosperm trees. ... A cup of coffee Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. ... Binomial name Theobroma cacao L. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a small (4â€“8 m tall) evergreen tree in the family Sterculiaceae (alternatively Malvaceae), native to tropical Mexico, but now cultivated throughout the tropics. ... Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky colloidal suspension (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Åukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Sonangol Group, known as Sonangol, is the Angolan state-run petroleum enterprise, and is engaged in the overall management of Angolas petroleum and natural gas reserves. ... Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... Total SA (Euronext: FP, NYSE: TOT) is a French oil company headquartered in Paris, France, and one of the top four oil companies in the world (along with Royal Dutch Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil). ... Ente nazionale idrocarburi http://fr. ...

While the Angolan Civil War largely ended in 2002, an armed struggle persists in the exclave of Cabinda, where some of the factions have proclaimed an independent Republic of Cabinda, with offices in Paris. Combatants MPLA SWAPO Republic of Cuba U.S.S.R. UNITA Republic of South Africa Republic of Zaire U.S.A. Commanders JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Savimbi Casualties Civilians killed = hundreds of thousands Following the end of Portuguese colonial rule in April 1974, newly-independent Angola descended into a... Coat of Arms of the Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda is the non-recognized entity that claims legal authority over Cabinda province of Angola, with offices in Paris. ...

History

Portuguese explorers, missionaries and traders arrived at the mouth of the Congo (or Nzere) river in the mid-15th century, making contact with the powerful King of the Congo (Manikongo). The Manikongo controlled much of the region through affiliation with smaller kingdoms, such as the Kingdoms of Ngoyo, Loango and Cacongo in present-day Cabinda. The Congo River (formerly known as some River) is the largest river in Western Central Africa. ... The Manikongo was the title of the ruler of the 14th century - 17th century Kingdom of Kongo, a large area consisting of land in present-day Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola, who ruled from the kingdoms capital Mbanza-Kongo, present day capital city of the Angolan province of...

Over the years, the Portuguese, Dutch, and English established trading posts, logging camps and small palm oil processing factories in Cabinda. Trade continued and the European presence grew, resulting in conflicts between the rival colonial powers. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Through the Treaty of Simulambuco in 1885 between the kings of Portugal and Cabinda's princes, a Portuguese protectorate was decreed, reserving rights to the local princes and independent of Angola. Cabinda once had the Congo River as the only natural boundary with Angola, but in 1885, the Conference of Berlin extended the Congo Free State's territory along the Congo River to the river's mouth at the sea. The Treaty of Simulambuco was signed in 1885, by representatives of the Portugese government, and officials in the NGoyo Kingdom. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Congo River (formerly known as some River) is the largest river in Western Central Africa. ... For the Cold War conference see Berlin Conference of 1954. ... The Congo Free State was a kingdom privately and controversially owned by King Leopold II of Belgium that included the entire area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

In 1975, the Treaty of Alvor integrated Cabinda into Angola, but this treaty was rejected by all Cabindan political organizations. These organizations argue that because they had no input on the document, it was, and is, illegal, and therefore does not bind them to Angola.

Liberation movement

A liberation movement, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda, FLEC), has been active since Angola's independence from Portugal in 1975. The Frente para a LibertaÃ§Ã£o do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), or Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda, is a separatist movement in Cabinda, Angola. ...

FLEC controlled most of the region in 1975, and constituted a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago. The independence of Cabinda from Portugal was proclaimed on August 1, 1975. Luiz Branque Franque was elected president. After the declaration of Angolan independence in November 1975, Cabinda was invaded by forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, MPLA), with support troops from Cuba. The MPLA overthrew the provisional FLEC government, and incorporated Cabinda into Angola. FLEC has continued its political and military struggle for Cabindan independence since the invasion, with little success. The FLEC has since split into several groups, some urging violent resistance, and some peaceful resistance. A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The MPLA flag The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de LibertaÃ§Ã£o de Angola - Partido do Trabalho) is an Angolan political party that has ruled the country since independence in 1975. ...

In April 1997, Cabinda joined the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, a democratic and international organization whose members are indigenous peoples, occupied nations, minorities and independent states or territories. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is a democratic, international organization. ... The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ... This list includes only disputes between widely-recognized countries, and does not cover regions which have proclaimed independence but have not been recognized, nor regions which are seeking independence. ...

An ad-hoc commission of United Nations for human rights in Cabinda reported in 2003 that many atrocities had been perpetrated by the MPLA. In 2004, according to Peter Takirambudde, executive director of the Human Rights Watch mission for Africa, the Angolan army continued to commit crimes against civilians in Cabinda. United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... Peter Takirambudde is the Executive Director of Human Rights Watch for sub-Saharan Africa. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ...

Although Angola has claimed that FLEC-FAC is no longer operative, this is disputed by the Republic of Cabinda and its president, Nzita Henriques Tiago. Recent hikes in oil prices have made Cabinda's untapped onshore oil reserves a valuable commodity. Both the Republic of Cabinda and Angola have awarded onshore oil and gas leases. Coat of Arms of the Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda is the non-recognized entity that claims legal authority over Cabinda province of Angola, with offices in Paris. ...

References

External links

Portuguese Empire — Former colonies & present overseas territories

Coordinates: 5°03′S 12°18′E June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1385. ... Maximum extent of Portuguese colonial possessions in the 16th century. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... Souira Guedima, formerly known as Aguz, is a Moroccan town. ... AlcÃ¡cer Ceguer (also know as El Qsar es Seghir) was a moroccan stronghold in the Strait of Gibraltrar, between Tanger and Ceuta. ... Asilah or Arzila is a city situated on the northwest tip of Morocco with a history back to 1500 B.C. The Phoenicians used the city as a trading site. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Area â€“ Total 28 kmÂ² Population â€“ Total (2005) â€“ Density 75,276 2688. ... El Jadida (Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¯ÙŠØ¯Ø©) is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, in the province of El Jadida. ... Location Motto of the autonomous region: Das ilhas, as mais belas e livres (Portuguese: Of the islands, the most beautiful and free) Official language Portuguese Capital Funchal Other towns Porto Santo, Machico, Santa Cruz, CÃ¢mara de Lobos, Santana, Ribeira Brava, CaniÃ§o Area 797 kmÂ² Population - Total (1991) - Density... The ramparts of Essaouira Essaouira (Arabic: â€Ž) is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakesh on the Atlantic coast. ... Asfi (french Safi) is a city located in western Morocco, by the Atlantic Ocean. ... Agadir (Arabic: Ø£ÙƒØ§Ø¯ÙŠØ±, Berber (Amazigh): ) is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. ... Tangier bay at sunrise Tangier or Tangiers (Tanja Ø·Ù†Ú†Ø© in Berber and Arabic, TÃ¢nger in Portuguese, and Tanger in French), is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,685 (2004 census). ... Accra, population 1,970,400 (2005), is the capital of Ghana. ... Motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin) Unity Provides Strength Anthem: Angola Avante! (Portuguese) Forward Angola! Capital (and largest city) Luanda Portuguese Government Multi-party democracy - President JosÃ© E. dos Santos - Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos Independence from Portugal - Date November 11, 1975 Area - Total 1,246,700 km... Image:Annobon island. ... Arguin is an island off the west coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin, at 20° 36 N., 16° 27 W. It is 6 km long by 2 broad. ... Elmina is a town on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana, lying west of Cape Coast. ... Bioko (spelled also Bioco) is an island off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea, formerly called Fernando PÃ³ or Fernando PÃ³o. ... Flag of Gold Coast Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa. ... Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. ... Bissau, estimated population 355,000 (2004), is the capital of Guinea-Bissau. ... Cacheu is a town in north western Guinea-Bissau, lying on the Cacheu River. ... Malindi is a city in Kenya that has been a Swahili settlement since the 14th century. ... Mauritius (right) and RÃ©union (left) The Mascarene Islands (or Mascarenhas Archipelago) is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, which includes Mauritius, RÃ©union, Rodrigues, and Cargados Carajos shoals. ... Mombasa is the second largest city in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. ... Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. ... Kilwa Kisiwani is an Islamic community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in present day Tanzania. ... Ouidah is a city on the Atlantic coast of Benin. ... SÃ£o TomÃ© (population 53,300 in 2003) is the capital city of SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe and is by far the nations largest town. ... PrÃncipe is the smaller of the two major islands of SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe. ... Map of the Socotra archipelago Socotra or Soqotra (Arabic Ø³Ù‚Ø·Ø±Ù‰ ; Suquá¹ra) is a small archipelago of four islands and islets in the Indian Ocean off the coast Somalia some 350 km south of the Arabian peninsula. ... Motto: Uhuru na Umoja (Swahili: Freedom and Unity) Anthem: Mungu ibariki Afrika (God Bless Africa) Capital (and largest city) Stone Town English Government Republic - President Amani Abeid Karume - Prime Minister Shamsi Vuai Nahodha Independence From the United Kingdom - Tanganyika December 9, 1961 - Zanzibar December 19, 1963 - Merge April 26, 1964... Ziguinchor (from Portuguese Cheguei e choram, I came and they Cry) is the capital of the Casamance region of Senegal, lying on the Casamance River. ... Categories: Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran | Coastal cities ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Classification City Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said Area 3,500 kmÂ² [1] Population - Total (2005) - Density - Oman calculated rank 646,024 [2] 184. ... Anthem: Sri Lanka Matha Capital Sri Jayawardenapura Largest city Colombo Sinhala, Tamil Government Democratic Socialist Republic - President Mahinda Rajapaksa - Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Independence from the United Kingdom - Granted February 4, 1948 Area - Total 65,610 kmÂ² (122nd) 25,332 sq mi - Water (%) 4. ... Lakshadweep ( ; Malayalam: à´²à´•àµà´·à´¦àµà´µàµ€à´ªàµ, []) is the smallest union territory of India. ... Portuguese India (Portuguese: or Estado da Ãndia) was the aggregate of Portugals colonial holdings in India. ... Vasai-Virar is a city in Maharashtra state in western India. ... Mumbai (Marathi: à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ,IPA: , formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, also it is the second most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District. ... Khambhat, formerly known as Cambay, is a town in Gujarat state, India. ... Inside St. ... Chaul is a former city of Portuguese India, now in ruins. ... Chittagong (Bengali: à¦šà¦Ÿà§à¦Ÿà¦—à§à¦°à¦¾à¦®, ChÃ´Å£Å£ogram) is the major seaport and second largest city of Bangladesh. ... Kochi ( ; Malayalam: []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Cranganore (modern day Kodungallur) and known in ancient times as Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris), Muyirikkodu, Muchiripattinam was a famous and prosperous sea-port at the mouth of the Periyar (also known as Choorni Nadi) river in the southern Indian state of Kerala. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: àª¦àª¾àª¦àª°àª¾ àª…àª¨à«‡ àª¨àª—àª° àª¹àªµà«‡àª²à«€, Hindi: à¤¦à¤¾à¤¦à¤°à¤¾ à¤”à¤° à¤¨à¤—à¤° à¤¹à¤µà¥‡à¤²à¥€, Urdu: Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ø±Û Ø§ÙˆØ± Ù†Ú¯Ø± ØÙˆÛŒÙ„ÛŒ, Portuguese: DadrÃ¡ e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... Hugli-Chinsura (also commonly known as Hooghly-Chinsura) is a town in West Bengal, India. ... Machilipatnam , also known as Masulipatnam or Bandar or Masula (for short among Finnish mission workers [3]), is a city and a municipality in Krishna district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Mangalore, , (à²®à²‚à²—à²³à³‚à²°à³ in Kannada), will soon be renamed Mangaluru, is the chief port city of the state of Karnataka, India. ... Nagapattinam (formerly known as Negapatam and also as Shiva Rajadhani) is a small city with a population of about 100,000, located in coastal Tamil Nadu, India. ... Pulicat is a town which lies in the nellore District, in the state of andhra Pradesh, India. ... Kollam (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a municipal corporation in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... The island as seen from the sky Salsette is an island in Maharashtra state on Indias west coast. ... Saint Thomas of Mylapore, or in Portuguese SÃ£o TomÃ© de Meliapore, in Latin Sancti Thomae de Meliapor), was a suffragan to the primatial See of Goa in the East Indies. ... For other uses, see Surat (disambiguation). ... Thoothukudi (à®¤à¯‚à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®•à¯à®•à¯à®Ÿà®¿ in Tamil) also known as Tuticorin, is a city and a municipality in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Banda Besar island seen from Fort Belgica The Banda Islands (Kepulauan Banda in Bahasa Indonesia) are a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java, and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku. ... Map of Flores Island Flores (Portuguese for flowers) is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 kmÂ² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. ... Coloane (Traditional Chinese: è·¯ç’°å³¶; Simplified Chinese: è·¯çŽ¯å²›; Pinyin: LÃ¹huÃ¡n DÇŽo; Jyutping: Lou6-waan4 Dou2, literally Road Ring Island) is one of the two main islands of Macau in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Taipa (æ°¹ä»”å³¶; Cantonese Jyutping; Tam5 Zai2 Dou2; pinyin: DÃ ngzÇŽi DÇŽo) is an island of Macau in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ilha Verde (Portuguese literally meaning island green; Chinese: é’æ´²; Cantonese Yale: chÄ«ng jÄu, Jyutping: cing1 zau1; Mandarin pinyin: QÄ«ngzhÅu) was formerly an island to the west of the Macao Isthmus. ... Hengqin (æ¨ªç´å²›, æ©«ç´å³¶; Pinyin: HÃ©ngqÃn DÇŽo) is an island in Zhuhai, a prefecture-level city in the Guangdong Province of Peoples Republic of China. ... Makassar, (Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh (Malay, United We Stand) Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil Yaakob Chief Minister Datuk Seri Haji Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam Area 1,650 kmÂ² Population - Estimated 648,500 State anthem Melaka Maju Jaya This article is about a state in Malaysia. ... The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands or simply Maluku) are an archipelago in Indonesia, and part of the larger Malay Archipelago. ... Ceram and Ambon Islands (Operational Navigation Chart, 1967) Not for navigational use Ambon City in 2001, showing heavy damage from fighting Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. ... A 1720 depiction of Ternate. ... Tidore is an island and town in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia, just west of the larger island of Halmahera. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: é•·å´Žå¸‚, Nagasaki-shi , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... Dejima, also Deshima (å‡ºå³¶, literally protruding island) in modern Japanese, Desjima in Dutch, often latinised as Decima, was a fan-shaped artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch trading post during Japans self-imposed isolation (sakoku) of the Edo period, from 1641 until 1853. ... Portuguese Timor is the former name (1596 - 1975) of East Timor when it was under Portuguese control. ... Motto: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem: A Portuguesa (national) Hino dos AÃ§ores (local) Capital Ponta Delgada (Presidency of the Regional Government) Angra do HeroÃsmo (Supreme Court)1 Horta (Legislative Assembly)2 Largest city Ponta Delgada Portuguese Government Autonomous... Labrador (also Coast of Labrador) is a region of Atlantic Canada. ... Newfoundland â€” (stress on final syllable; for mispronunciations, see Newfoundland travel guide from Wikitravel)â€” (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages none (English, French, Gaelic) Flower Mayflower Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total... Motto: Libertad o Muerte (English: Liberty or Death) Anthem: Orientales, la Patria o la tumba Capital Montevideo Largest city Montevideo Official language(s) Spanish Government President Democratic Republic TabarÃ© VÃ¡zquez Independence from Brazil - Declared August 25, 1825 - Recognised August 28, 1828 Area - Total - Water (%) 176,220 kmÂ² (90th) 68... Colonia del Sacramento is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. ... Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Contents

Liberation movement

References

External links