6" or 15cm outside diameter, oil-cooled cables, traversing the Grand Coulee Dam throughout. These cables are connected to powerful pumps that pump the oil through them while in operation. Safety switches turn off the oil flow in the event of a leak, in order to limit the effects of a hydrocarbon fire.

Fire test in Sweden, showing rapid fire spread through burning of cable jackets from one cable tray to another.

A cable is one or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. The individual wires or fibers inside the jacket may be covered or insulated. Combination cables may contain both electrical wires and optical fibers. Electrical wire is usually copper because of its excellent conductivity, but aluminum is sometimes used because it costs less. Look up Cable in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1596x2362, 442 KB) 6 or 15cm outside diameter, oil-cooled cables, traversing the Grand Coulee Dam throughout. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1596x2362, 442 KB) 6 or 15cm outside diameter, oil-cooled cables, traversing the Grand Coulee Dam throughout. ... For the town, see Coulee Dam, Washington. ... Oil refineries are key to obtaining hydrocarbons; crude oil is processed through several stages to form desirable hydrocarbons, used in fuel and other commercial products. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 407 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2336 × 3440 pixel, file size: 531 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 407 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2336 × 3440 pixel, file size: 531 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A Fire Test is a means of determining whether or not fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a building code or other applicable legislation. ... For other uses, see Fire (disambiguation). ... A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ... Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ... Aluminum is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. ...

Construction

Electrical cables may be made flexible by stranding the wires. In this process, smaller individual wires are twisted or braided together to produce larger wires that are more flexible than solid wires of similar size. Bunching small wires before concentric stranding adds the most flexibility. A thin coat of a specific material (usually tin-which improves the solderibility of the bunch-, but it could be silver, gold and another materials and of course the wire can be unplated - with no coating material) on the individual wires provides lubrication for longest life. Tight lays during stranding makes the cable extensible (CBA - as in telephone handset cords). This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Lubrication occurs when opposing surfaces are separated by a lubricant film. ...

Bundling the conductors and eliminating multi-layers ensures a uniform bend radius across each conductor. Pulling and compressing forces balance one another around the high-tensile center cord that provides the necessary inner stability. As a result the cable core remains stable even under maximum bending stress.

Cables can be securely fastened and organized, such as using cable trees with the aid of cable ties or cable lacing. Continuous-flex or flexible cables used in moving applications within cable carriers can be secured using strain relief devices or cable ties. Two cable ties, one open and one closed A cable tie ( also strap, rat belt, mouse belt, tie wrap, or zip tie) is a type of fastener, especially for binding several electronic cables or wires together, and to organize cables and wires. ... Cable lacing is a technique for tying wiring harnesses and cable looms, traditionally used in naval applications and telephone exchanges. ... Standard cables used in cable carriers may risk corkscrewing Flexible cables are cables specially designed to cope with the tight bending radii and physical stress associated with moving applications, such as inside cable carriers. ... An example of a standard type cable carrier with cables running through it A cable carrier (also known as energy chain, cable chain or cable drag chain) is a structure designed to surround and guide moving cables and hydraulic or pneumatic hoses on automated machinery, in order to protect and...

History

In the 19th century and early 20th century, cable was often insulated using cloth, rubber and even paper. Plastic materials are generally used today, except for high reliability power cables. There are four types of plastic insulation used in telecommunications cables today: solid, cellular, foam skin and skin-foam-skin.

The leading global producers of wire and cable include,Draka, General Cable, Nexans, Prysmian, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Furukawa Electric, Hitachi Cable, Southwire, Marmon Group, LS Cable, LEONI, Fujikura, Tyco, Lapp, Walsin Lihwa and Wilms Group. Nexans SA is a French engineering company. ... Hitachi Cable, Ltd. ... LS Cable of South Korea was founded in 2005 with the split off of parts of the LG Cable conglomerate. ... Tyco International Ltd. ...

Fire protection

Cables as a fire hazard

In construction, sometimes the cable jacketing is seen as a potential source of fuel for a fire. To limit the spread of fire along cable jacketing, one may use cable coating materials or one may use cables with jacketing that is inherently fire retardant. Teck cable or metal clad cables, may have exterior organic jacketing, which is often stripped off by electricians in order to reduce the fuel source for accidental fires. In Europe in particular, it is often customary to place inorganic wraps and boxes around cables in order to safeguard the adjacent areas from the potential fire threat associated with unprotected cable jacketing. All such mitigation methods are passive fire protection items subject to stringent bounding. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Fire-resistance rated wall assembly with fire door, cable tray penetration and intumescent [1] cable coating. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Keeping critical cables operational during a fire

Circuit integrity for cables is also established by using either inherently fire resistant cables, such as Mineral-insulated copper-clad cables, or by using boxes made of proprietary insulations, such as calcium silicate, vermiculite or perlite, intumescent and/or endothermic coatings or ceramic fibre or rockwool wraps for fireproofing purposes. Electrical circuits that may have to be kept operational during an accidental building fire include, but are not limited to emergency power circuits, such as those that power exit signs in a building, power circuits for operating rooms in a hospital, or the wiring that connects control rooms and nuclear reactors. All such mitigation methods are passive fire protection items subject to stringent bounding. The toughest of test methods known in the industry are those mandated by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which came about as a result of the Thermo-lag scandal[1], which became highly publicised after disclosures made by whistleblower Gerald W. Brown. Method 1: fire-resistant cables: PVC-sheathed MICC cable. ... PVC-sheathed MICC cable. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Calcium silicate, otherwise known as slag, has a low bulk density and high physical water absorption. ... Vermiculite is a natural, non toxic mineral that expands with the application of heat. ... Expanded Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content. ... An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density. ... In thermodynamics, the word endothermic describes a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. ... Fireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, subject to bounding, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves. ... Old Executive Office Building, Washington D.C. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or An... For other uses, see Fire (disambiguation). ... For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... Fire-resistance rated wall assembly with fire door, cable tray penetration and intumescent [1] cable coating. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... NRC headquarters in Rockville, MD. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (or NRC) is a United States government agency that was established by the Energy Reorganization Act in 1974, and was first opened January 19, 1975. ... A whistleblower is an employee, former employee, or member of an organization, especially a business or government agency, who reports misconduct to people or entities that have the power and presumed willingness to take corrective action. ... Whistleblower Gerald W. Brown. ...

Interference Protection

In applications powering sensitive electronics, keeping unwanted EMI/RFI from entering circuits is important. This can be accomplished passively with shielding along the length of the cable or by running the cable in an enclosure separate from any other wires which may induct noise. It can also be actively achieved by use of a choke designed to restrict the cables' ability to conduct certain frequencies. Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by electrical circuits carrying rapidly changing signals, as a by-product of their normal operation, and which causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced in other circuits. ... A Choke is an inductor designed to have a high reactance to a particular frequency when used in a signal-carrying circuit. ...

Types of cable

Cables can be sorted into several categories and types. Generally it can by sorted into two main groups, structural and informatic.

Application

• Wire rope (wire cable)
• Computer cable
• Communications cable
• Mechanical cable
• Audiovisual cable
• Submersible cable

Steel wire rope (right hand lay) Wire rope consists of several strands laid (or twisted) together like a helix. ... sandee This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

Cable type

Basic cable types are as follows:

Basic

• Coaxial cable
• Multicore cable (consist of more as one wire and is covered by cable jacket)
• Optical fiber
• Ribbon cable
• Single cable (from time to time this name is used for wire)

Coaxial Cable For the weapon, see coaxial weapon. ... A multicore cable is a generic term for an electrical cable that has multiple cores. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ... Left: 20-way grey ribbon cable with wire no. ... A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ...

Construction

Based on construction and cable properties it can be sorted into the following:

• Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable
• Twinax cable
• Twisted pair cable
• Shielded cable
• Flexible cables

PVC-sheathed MICC cable. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... 25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ... Four-conductor shielded cable with metal foil shield and drain wire A shielded cable is a simple insulated cable with a braided shield of strands of copper(or other metal), a non braided(solid) shield, or a winding of metal tape completely enclosing this insulation. ... Standard cables used in cable carriers may risk corkscrewing Flexible cables are cables specially designed to cope with the tight bending radii and physical stress associated with moving applications, such as inside cable carriers. ...

Special

• Arresting cable
• Bowden cable
• Heliax cable
• Direct-buried cable
• Heavy-lift cable
• Elevator cable

Invented by Frank Bowden, a bowden cable is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel or stainless steel) relative to a hollow outer cable housing. ... Cross-section of direct buried cable Direct-buried cable (DBC) is a kind of communications or transmissions cable which is especially designed to be buried under the ground without any kind of extra covering, sheathing, or piping to protect it. ... For other uses, see Elevator (disambiguation). ...

Market Information

• Integer Research Ltd
• International Cable Makers Federation
• Wire Association International

See also

• British electrical cables

Look up cable in
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