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Encyclopedia > Cables

A cable is two or more wires or optical fibers bound together, typically in a common protective jacket or sheath. The individual wires or fibers inside the jacket may be bare, covered or insulated. Combination cables may contain both electrical wires and optical fibers. Electrical wire is usually copper because of its excellent conductivity, but aluminium is sometimes used because it costs less. A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ... A bundle of optical fibers. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Atomic mass 63. ... Electrical conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ...


Electrical cables may be made more flexible by stranding the wires. In this process, smaller individual wires are twisted or braided together to produce larger wires that are more flexible than solid wires of similar size. Bunching small wires before concentric stranding adds the most flexibility. A thin coat of a specific material (usualy tin, but it could be silver, gold and another materials and of course the wire can be unplated - with no coating material) on the individual wires provides lubrication for longest life. Tight lays during stranding makes the cable extensible (CBA - as in telephone handset cords). General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... Lubrication occurs when opposing surfaces are completely separated by a lubricant film. ...


Cables can be securely fastened and organized, such as using cable trees with the aid of cable ties. "Octopus cable" is a generic term for a cable that splits into several parts. Two cable ties, one open and one closed A cable tie ( also strap, rat belt, mouse belt, tie wrap, or zip tie) is a type of fastener, especially for binding several electronic cables or wires together, and to organize cables and wires. ...


In 2004 some of the leading global producers of cable products included jainsonDraka, General Cable, Nexans, Prysmian, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Furukawa Electric, Hitachi Cable, Southwire, Marmon Group, LS Cable, LEONI, Fujikura, Tyco, Walsin Lihwa and Wilms Group. Nexans SA is a French engineering company. ... Hitachi Cable, Ltd. ... Tyco International Ltd. ...

Contents


Fire protection

Cables as a fire hazard

In construction, sometimes the cable jacketing is seen as a potential source of fuel for the fire. To limit the spread of fire along cable jacketing, one may use cable coating materials or one may use cables with jacketing that is inherently fire retardant. Teck cable or metal clad cables, may have exterior organic jacketing, which is often stripped off by electricians in order to reduce the fuel source for accidental fires. In Europe in particular, it is often customary to place inorganic wraps and boxes around cables in order to safeguard the adjacent areas from the potential fire threat associated with unprotected cable jacketing. All such mitigation methods are passive fire protection items subject to stringent bounding. Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ... Fire-resistance rated wall assembly with fire door, cable tray penetration and intumescent [1] cable coating. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...


Keeping critical cables operational during a fire

Circuit integrity for cables is also established by using either inherently fire resistant cables, such as Mineral-insulated copper-clad cables, or by using boxes made of proprietary insulations, such as calcium silicate, vermiculite or perlite, intumescent and/or endothermic coatings or ceramic fibre or rockwool wraps for fireproofing purposes. Electrical circuits that may have to be kept operational during an accidental building fire include, but are not limited to emergency power circuits, such as those that power exit signs in a building, power circuits for operating rooms in a hospital, or the wiring that connects control rooms and nuclear reactors. All such mitigation methods are passive fire protection items subject to stringent bounding. The toughest of test methods known in the industry are those mandated by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which came about as a result of the Thermo-lag scandal[1]. Method 1: fire-resistant cables: PVC-sheathed MICC cable. ... Insulation may mean: Electrical insulation Thermal insulation Soundproofing, also known as acoustic insulation. ... Calcium silicate, otherwise known as slag, has a low bulk density and high physical water absorption. ... Vermiculite is a natural mineral which expands with the application of heat. ... Expanded Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Endothermic can mean: In biology, an endotherm is a type of animal that can control its body temperature. ... Fireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, subject to bounding, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves. ... For other uses, see Building (disambiguation). ... A large bonfire. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... Fire-resistance rated wall assembly with fire door, cable tray penetration and intumescent [1] cable coating. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... NRC headquarters in Bethesda, MD. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (or NRC) is a United States government agency that was established by the Energy Reorganization Act in 1974, and was first opened January 19, 1975. ...


Types of cable

Cables can be sorted into several categories and types. Generaly it can by sorted into two main groups:


Application

  • Wire rope (wire cable)
  • Computer cable
  • Communications cable
  • Mechanical cable

steel wire rope Wire rope consists of several strands of metal wires twisted together. ...

Cable type

Basic cable types are as follows:


Basic

Radio-grade flexible coaxial cable. ... A multicore cable or snake (in the audio recording and entertainment fields) is a compact cable, typically about the diameter of a coin, which contains typically 16-24 individual microphone cables all housed by one common outer rubber jacket. ... A bundle of optical fibers. ... Left: 20-way grey ribbon cable with wire no. ... A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ...

Construction

Based on construction and cable properties it can be sorted into following:

Insulated cable is one which has a covering over the conductor which has a voltage rating per industry standards. ... 25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ... Four-conductor shielded cable with metal foil shield and drain wire A shielded cable is a simple insulated cable with a braided shield of strands of copper(or other metal), a non braided(solid) shield, or a winding of metal tape completely enclosing this insulation. ...

Special

Invented by Frank Bowden, a bowden cable is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel or stainless steel) relative to a hollow outer cable housing. ...

See also

A cable length is a nautical unit of measure, for which at least four definitions seem to exist: Common definition: 1/10 nautical mile, i. ... Method 1: fire-resistant cables: PVC-sheathed MICC cable. ... Cable modem for broadband Internet access A cable modem is a unique type of modem that is designed to modulate a data signal over cable television infrastructure. ... Cable spaghetti, sometimes known as plastic spaghetti, refers to the tangle of wires found behind and under most computers and audio/video equipment. ... Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is an international standard developed by CableLabs and contributing companies that include: ARRIS, Broadcom, Cisco, Conexant, Correlant, Intel, Motorola, Terayon, and Texas Instruments. ... The capitalization of this page is due to be corrected to Extension cord. ... MF, Mf, or mf could be an abbreviation for: Medium frequency mezzo-forte mossy fiber (in neuroscience) Multi-Frequency (in telephony) motherfucker Thousand Feet (MF) (an IT term for cable length; based on roman numeral M for Thousand and F for Feet) Mainframe M/F (a novel by Anthony Burgess... Coils of rope used for long-line fishing A rope (IPA: ) is a length of fibers, twisted or braided together to improve strength for pulling and connecting. ... A submarine communications cable is a cable laid beneath the sea to carry telecommunications between countries. ... Submarine power cables are cables for electrical power running through the sea, below the surface. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
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