|- Link title |}]]]]</nowiki> and Caddo, Oklahoma. There is also a harvestman genus called Caddo. Caddo is a town located in Bryan County, Oklahoma. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ...

Caddo
A Caddo solar cross, a religious symbol of both the sun and fire.
Total population
circa 1500: 200,000 [dubious – discuss][citation needed] circa 1700: 8,000 Image File history File links Southern_Cult_Solar_Cross. ... A Caddo solar cross; to Southeastern Native Americans a symbol of both the sun and fire. ... circa 1990s: 3,371
Regions with significant populations
United States – Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas
Language(s)
3 separate dialects of Caddo and English
Religion(s)
Related ethnic groups
Native American  North American natives   Southeast natives    Caddo     < Anadarko>     < Adai>     < Hai-ish>     < Hasinai>     < Kadohadacho>     < Nacogdoches>     < Natchitoches>     < Yatasi> Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 261 miles (420 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Caddo is a Caddoan language of the Southern Plains. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is the name of a people and language that was spoken in eastern Louisiana. ... The Hasinai were a confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans. ... The Natchitoches or Natchitoch were an indigenous tribe in Louisiana. ... The Yatasi were a Native American people of Louisiana who lived in the area to the south of modern Shreveport prior to the European incursion into the area. ... "Sibling" groups: Native American  North American natives   Great Plains natives    Pawnee   Southeast natives This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... The Pawnee (also Paneassa, Pari, Pariki) are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the Platte, Loup and Republican Rivers in present-day Nebraska. ... A sacred religious symbol to the Southeastern tribes was the solar cross which was a symbol of both the sun and fire. ...    Wichita

The Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Southeastern Native Americans who, in the 16th century, inhabited much of what is now East Texas, western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Caddo historically consisted of three confederacies of at least twenty five different tribes and spoke a variety of dialects of the Caddoan languages. Today the Caddo are a cohesive tribe with their capital at Binger, Oklahoma, and the Caddoan dialects have converged into a single language. The current Chairperson of the Caddo is LaRue Parker. Tribal flag Wichita camp, 1904 For other uses, see Wichita (disambiguation). ... A sacred religious symbol to the Southeastern tribes was the solar cross which was a symbol of both the sun and fire. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 261 miles (420 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... A confederation is an association of sovereign states or communities, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. ... The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. ... Binger is a town located in Caddo County, Oklahoma. ... The Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Native Americans who, in the 16th century, inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. ... LaRue Martin Parker is the current Chairperson of the Caddo nation. ...

This article covers the Caddo as a tribe, or nation. For other Caddoan languages see: Caddoan languages The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. ...

History

The oral traditions of the Caddo suggest that they developed their culture in Arkansas and spread out to the south and west from there. At one time both the Wichita and Pawnee were part of the same nation as the Caddo, a fact attested to in that the Wichita and Pawnee spoke Caddoan languages. Between 500 and 800 AD the Caddo emerged as distinct and separate nation. Oral tradition or oral culture is a way of transmitting history, literature or law from one generation to the next in a civilization without a writing system. ... Events Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 510) Note: This battle may have influenced the legend of King Arthur. ... Events December 25, Rome, coronation of Charles the Great (Charlemagne) as emperor by Pope Leo III. Celtic monks begin work on the Book of Kells on the Island of Iona. ...

The Caddo tribes were divided into three confederacies, which were linked by a common language; the Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and the Natchitoches. The Haisinai and Kadohadacho lived in what is now East Texas and the Natchitoches in what is now Northwestern Louisiana. The Haisinai lived in the land from the Nacogdoches, Texas, which was originally a Caddo settlement, area to the Neches River. The Haisinai were given the name Tejas by Spanish Explorers, based on the Caddo word táysha?, "friend", and this later became the source of "Tejas" and later "Texas" (Bolton 2002:63-64). The Kadohadacho settled the land from the Caddo Lake area to the Red River. The Nachitoches settled around Natchitoches, Louisiana, which was originally a Caddo settlement, and in the Cane River Valley. Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Nacogdoches (pronounced ) is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. ... The KCS Railway bridge over the Neches River in Beaumont is a major transportation link for the region. ... Caddo Lake, viewed from a point near Uncertain Caddo Lake is a 25,400 acre (103 km²) lake and wetland located on the border between Texas and Louisiana, in northern Harrison County and southern Marion County in Texas and western Caddo Parish in Louisiana. ... The Red River is one of several rivers with that name, and of two rivers with that name in the United States. ... The city of Natchitoches (pronounced , or NAK-uh-tush) is the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, in the U.S. state of Louisiana. ... Cane River (2001, ISBN 0446678457) is a novel by Lalita Tademy, and was chosen as an Oprahs Book Club® selection. ...

Sho-e-tat, a Louisiana Caddo man. Image from 1916.

The Caddo first encountered Europeans in 1542 when the Hernando de Soto Expedition came through their lands. De Soto's force had a violent clash with one band of Caddo Indians, recorded by his expedition as the 'Tula', near Caddo Gap, Arkansas. This event is marked by a monument that stands in the small town today. With the arrival of missionaries from Spain and France a small pox epidemic broke out that decimated the population. The Caddo invited the European missionaries to return and upon their return a worse epidemic reduced the population to only 1,000. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... For the Peruvian economist, see Hernando de Soto (economist). ... Caddo Gap, Arkansas is a small community located in Montgomery County, Arkansas that lies between Glenwood, Arkansas and Norman, Arkansas, on the Caddo River. ... For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... In epidemiology, an epidemic (from [[Latin language] epi- upon + demos people) is a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected, based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

In 1859, the state of Texas removed the remaining Caddo from its territory to a reservation in Oklahoma and in 1874 the Caddo officially united as a distinct tribe. Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Reservation may refer to: Reservation, a tract of land set apart for a special purpose: an area for indigenous peoples to live in: Indian reservation Indian reserve (in Canada) Reservation, an area where hunting animals is not permitted. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

==Geography== The Caddo lived in the Piney Woods eco-region of the United States up to the foothills of the Ozark Mountains and often near the Caddo River. The Piney Woods is a dense forest of deciduous and conifer flora covering rolling hills, steep river valleys, and intermittent wetlands called Bayous. Several Caddo villages were resettled, including the community of Elysian Fields, Texas, and Nacogdoches and Nachitoches both of which have kept their original names. The Caddo were progressively moved further west until they reached what is now western Oklahoma. The geography of the drier plains was quite a contrast to the lush hilly forest that were formerly their homeland. The Piney Woods viewed from Loop 390 outside of Marshall, Texas The Piney Woods is a terrestrial ecoregion in the Southern United States covering 54,400 mi² (140,900 km²) of East Texas, Southern Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Southeastern Oklahoma. ... This article is about the Ozark Plateau. ... The Caddo River is an 80 mile long river that flows through the US state of Arkansas. ... Deciduous forest after leaf fall Like many deciduous plants, Forsythia flowers during the leafless season For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... Orders & Families Cordaitales &#8224; Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales &#8224; Voltziales &#8224; The conifers, division Pinophyta, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. ... In Botany a Flora (or Floræ) is a collective term for plant life and can also refer to a descriptive catalogue of the plants of any geographical area, geological period, etc. ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... Elysian Fields is a rural community of about 300 people in Harrison County, Texas, located 11 miles southeast of the county seat of Marshall. ... Nacogdoches (pronounced ) is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. ... The city of Natchitoches (pronounced , or NAK-uh-tush) is the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, in the U.S. state of Louisiana. ...

== The Caddo also loved to draw there battles they went through.

Culture

To be written along the lines of Wikipedia:WikiProject Ethnic Groups Template hello i know a caddo indian whoes name is hamza sarwar

Institutions

The Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma is a federally recognized tribe. It is currently considering changing its official name to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. A tribal constitution, adopted in 1938 and revised in 1976, provides for a tribal council consisting of eight members with a chairperson, based in Binger, Oklahoma. They maintain administrative centers, dance grounds, and several community centers. Several programs exist to invigorate Caddo traditions. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Caddoan village bundle

A village bundle is a bundle or basket filled with ceremonial objects. ...

External links

• Kiwat Hasinay Foundation - Caddo Language for Caddo People
• Official Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Website
• Online Exhibit on Caddo Culture
• Sketch of a Caddo Chief from A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to AD 1879, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• Treaty between the Republic of Texas and the Caddo and other Indian tribes, 1844 from Gammel's Laws of Texas, Vol. II. hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• Peace Treaty with the Caddo and other Native American Tribes, September 14, 1837 from Texas Tides
• Arms to the Caddo, February 22, 1839 from Texas Tides
• Caddo Tomahawk, 1800s from Texas Tides
• Drawing of Caddo pot, 1900 from Texas Tides

References

Bolton, Herbert Eugene, edited and introduced by Russell Magnaghi. The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans as seen by the Earliest Europeans. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. 194 p. ISBN 058517038X