Cadmium chloride
General
Molecular formula	CdCl2
Molar mass	183.32 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	[10108-64-2]
Properties
Density and phase	4.05 g/cm3, solid
Solubility in water	140 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Solubility in methanol	1.7 g/100 ml
Solubility in acetone	insoluble
Melting point	568 °C
Boiling point	980 °C
Structure
Coordination geometry	?
Crystal structure	see text
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Highly toxic (T+) Carc. Cat. 2 Muta. Cat. 2 Repr. Cat. 2 Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R45, R46, R60, R61, R25, R26, R48/23/25, R50/53
S-phrases	S53, S45, S60, S61
Flash point	non-flammable
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	Cadmium fluoride Cadmium bromide Cadmium iodide
Other cations	Zinc chloride Mercury(II) chloride
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chlorine, with the formula CdCl₂. It is a hygroscopic solid which is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Although it is considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. The crystal structure for cadmium chloride described below, a 2D layer lattice, is often used as a reference for describing other crystal structures. Image File history File links Cadmium_chloride_hemipentahydrate. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, tasteless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a very faint odor. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Flash point -20 °C Autoignition temperature 465 °C RTECS number AL31500000 Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, εr, etc. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... It has been suggested that Saturation temperature be merged into this article or section. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (as amended) is the main source of European Union law concerning chemical safety. ... R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... There is a live album by the Rolling Stones called Flashpoint The flash point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mix with air. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique which determines the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of ions. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... Cadmium fluoride has formula CdF2. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is a colorless or white compound of zinc and chlorine that is extremely hygroscopic. ... Mercury(II) chloride (also called mercuric chloride and corrosive sublimate) is a poisonous white soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... A hygroscopic substance is a substance that absorbs water readily from its surroundings. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound, one of the alcohols that is most often found in alcoholic beverages. ... From ancient Greece (Ionic) An Ionian is a member of one of the four great divisions of the ancient Greek people. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ...

Crystal structure

Cadmium chloride crystal structure

Cadmium chloride forms crystals with cubic symmetry. The structure is based on the sodium chloride crystal structure, but with half of the metal ions removed (the "missing" ions are shown as hatched light blue balls in the drawing). The resultant structure consists of a layered lattice. This same basic structure is found in many other salts and minerals, particularly those where there is some degree of covalent bonding, such as in manganese(II) chloride, cobalt(II) chloride or magnesium chloride. Image File history File links Cadmium_chloride_crystal. ... Image File history File links Cadmium_chloride_crystal. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... Square with symmetry group D₄ Symmetry is a characteristic of geometrical shapes, equations, and other objects; we say that such an object is symmetric with respect to a given operation if this operation, when applied to the object, does not appear to change it. ... Flash point  ? °C R/S statement R: ? S: ? RTECS number  ? Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... This article is about minerals in the geologic sense; for nutrient minerals see dietary mineral; for the band see Mineral (band). ... Manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2) is a pink salt of manganese and chlorine. ... Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) is a chemical compound composed of cobalt and chlorine. ... Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ...

Chemical properties

Cadmium chloride has a high solubility in water, and it dissociates into ions. A certain amount of hydrolysis to species such as [CdOH(H₂O)_x]⁺ may occur. The high solubility may be due in part to formation of complex ions such as in Cd²⁺ CdCl₄^2- (CdCl₂ is a Lewis acid). With excess chloride ion in water or acetonitrile it forms mainly CdCl₃^- and the tetrahedral anion, CdCl₄^2-: Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... Acetonitrile is an organic molecule, often used as a solvent, with the chemical formula of CH3CN. Also known as methyl cyanide, it is the simplest of the organic nitriles. ... A tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra) is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, three of which meet at each vertex. ...

CdCl₂(aq) + 2 Cl^-(aq) → CdCl₄^2-(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ...

With large cations it is possible to produce trigonal bipyramidal CdCl₅^3-. In chemistry a trigonal bipyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more at the corners of a Triangular dipyramid. ...

Preparation

Anhydrous cadmium chloride can be prepared by the action of anhydrous chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas on heated cadmium metal. General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with humidity. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ...

Cd(s) + 2 HCl(g) → CdCl₂(s) + H₂(g) General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with humidity. ... A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ...

Hydrochloric acid may be used to make hydrated CdCl₂ from the metal, or alternatively from cadmium oxide or cadmium carbonate. The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ...

Uses

Cadmium chloride is used for the preparation of cadmium sulfide, used as "Cadmium Yellow", a brilliant yellow pigment which is stable to heat and sulfide fumes. Cadmium sulfide (UK English sulphide), the mineral greenockite, is an hexagonal, yellowish crystal with specific gravity of 4. ... About 2/3 to 3/4 of Cadmium produced worldwide is used in the production of Ni-Cd Batteries. ...

CdCl₂(aq) + H₂S(g) → CdS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulphide in British English), H2S, is a colorless, toxic, flammable gas that is responsible for the foul odor of rotten eggs. ... A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... Cadmium sulfide (UK English sulphide), the mineral greenockite, is an hexagonal, yellowish crystal with specific gravity of 4. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

In the laboratory, anhydrous CdCl₂ can be used for the preparation of organocadmium compounds of the type R₂Cd where R = aryl or primary alkyl. These were once used in the synthesis of ketones from acyl chlorides (see below), however they have largely been supplanted by organocopper compounds which are much less toxic. An aryl is a functional group of an organic molecule derived from an aromatic compound such as benzene. ... An Alkyl is a univalent radical containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain. ... A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. ... General Chemical Structure of an Acyl Chloride In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid. ...

CdCl₂ + 2 RMgX → R₂Cd + MgCl₂ + MgX₂ Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ...

R₂Cd + R'COCl → R'COR + CdCl₂ In organic chemistry, an acid chloride (or acyl chloride) is very reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid. ... A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. ...

Cadmium chloride is also used for electroplating. Electroplating is the coating of an electrically conductive item with a layer of metal using electrical current. ...

Suppliers/Manufacturers

• Fisher
• VWR
• Alfa
• Aldrich
• Strem

References

1. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
2. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
3. The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.
4. D. Nicholls, Complexes and First-Row Transition Elements, Macmillan Press, London, 1973.
5. A. F. Wells, 'Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
6. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., p. 723, Wiley, New York, 1992.

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0116
• IARC Monograph "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds"
• European Chemicals Bureau