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Encyclopedia > Caesar salad
A Caesar salad variation, topped with grilled chicken.
A Caesar salad variation, topped with grilled chicken.

Caesar salad is a salad of romaine lettuce and croutons dressed with anchovies, Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, and black pepper, originally prepared tableside. Caesar Cardini, who ran restaurants in Tijuana, Mexico, in the 1920s-1940s, is commonly credited as the inventor. [1] [2] Image File history File linksMetadata CaesarSalad3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata CaesarSalad3. ... Salad Platter Salad is a light meal — or, as part of a larger meal, much more of an appetizer — consisting of mixed vegetables (usually including at least one leaf vegetable) or fruit, often with a dressing or sauce, occasionally nuts and sometimes with the addition of meat, fish or cheese. ... Romaine lettuce Romaine or Cos lettuce (often called simply Romaine or Cos) (Lactuca sativa L. var. ... Croutons in a bowl of French onion soup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parmigiano_Reggiano. ... Binomial name (L.) Burm. ... Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. ... An egg is a body consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing of some type, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo. ... 1900 advertisement Worcestershire sauce (IPA: (wuster-shur or wuster-sheer)) is a widely used fermented liquid condiment originally manufactured by Lea & Perrins, in Midland Road, Worcester, England. ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... Caesar Cardini (1896-1956) was an Italian hotel owner, restaurateur, and chef in Mexico. ... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ˌtiːəˈwɑnə]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana. ... The 1920s is a decade that is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Contents

History

There are several stories about the specifics of the salad's creation. Cardini was living in San Diego but also working in Tijuana where he avoided the restrictions of prohibition. As his daughter Rosa (1928-2003) reported,[3] her father invented the dish during a Fourth of July 1924 rush depleted the kitchen's supplies. Cardini made do with what he had, successfully adding the dramatic flair of the table-side tossing "by the chef". As Rosas account lacks verifiable data, there may persist some doubt. “San Diego” redirects here. ... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ˌtiːəˈwɑnə]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana. ... The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... In the United States, Independence Day (commonly known as the “Fourth of July,” “July Fourth”, the “Glorious Fourth”, or simply the “Fourth”) is a federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Another story is that the salad was created for a group of Hollywood stars after a long weekend party, and still another, that Cardini's brother Alex created it as "Aviator's salad" for a bunch of San Diego aviator comrades who were in a hurry, and the dish was renamed later, when Alex was a partner of his brother. A few fellows among Cardini's personnel also claimed the authorship, but without success. [4] [5] ...


As a historical addendum, the salad recipe was created at a place operated by Cardini on the ground floor of the Hotel Comercial at the corner of 2nd Street and Main. In 1929-1930, Cardini moved his restaurant to the newly constructed Hotel Caesar on Main St., nowadays Avenida Revolución, near the corner of 5th St. The Hotel Comercial is long-gone, but the historic "Comercial" building still stands at the same location, and the Hotel Caesar's continues to operate to this day. It was renovated before 1999, and after a several years break, they resumed preparing table-side "ensalada Caesar per tradition" and claim to serve the "original Caesar salad". [6] The Avenida Revolución is the main avenue in Tijuana, Baja California, México. ...

Historical ''Caesar's'' locations

The San Diego Kahn Building housed a Caesar's from 1923-1972. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...

The probably earliest Caesar's Place in Tijuana, early 1920s-1...

Original Caesar's restaurant - Tijuana c.1930 Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Caesar Cardini Café, Tijuana, on opening night, c.1935 Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Hotel Caesar on Main Street, 1940ies-early 1950ies Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...


Nowadays Hotel Caesar's on Avenida Revolución, c.2000
Nowadays Hotel Caesar's on Avenida Revolución, c.2000
Nearby Caesar's Sports Bar and Grill in 2006: "Home of the famous Caesar's salad since 1930"

In todays Tijuana, Hotel Caesar's, nearby Caesar's Sports Bar and Grill and Restaurant Caesar's Palace, all on or near Avenida Revolución,[7] are associated with Caesar's salad. Image File history File linksMetadata HotelCaesar. ... Image File history File linksMetadata HotelCaesar. ... -1... -1...


Recipe

Contrary to popular belief, the original Caesar's salad recipe (unlike Alex's Aviator's salad) [8] did not contain pieces of anchovy; the slight anchovy flavor comes from the Worcestershire sauce. Cardini was opposed to using anchovies in his salad.[9] This article is about culinary recipes. ... {{Taxobox classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Clupeiformes | familia = Engraulidae | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = Amazonsprattus Anchoa Anchovia Anchiovella Cetengraulis Coilia Encrasicholina Engraulis Jurengraulis Lycengraulis Lycothrissa Papuengraulis Pterengraulis Setipinna Stolephorus Thryssa }} The anchovies are a family large but uncommon schooling saltwater plankton-feeding fish. ... 1900 advertisement Worcestershire sauce (IPA: (wuster-shur or wuster-sheer)) is a widely used fermented liquid condiment originally manufactured by Lea & Perrins, in Midland Road, Worcester, England. ...


In the book From Julia Child's Kitchen, Julia Child describes how she ate a Caesar's salad at Cardini's restaurant when she was a child in 1920ies, and some 50 years later she sought out and called Cardini's daughter, in order to discover the original recipe. In this recipe, the lettuce is served whole on the plate, because it is meant to be lifted by the stem and eaten with the fingers. It also calls for coddled eggs and Italian olive oil. [2] Julia Child (August 15, 1912–August 13, 2004) was a famous American cook, author, and television personality who introduced French cuisine and cooking techniques to the American mainstream through her many cookbooks and television programs. ... Binomial name L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... In cooking, coddled eggs are slightly cooked eggs; see coddling. ... Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. ...


The Cardini family trademarked the original recipe in 1948, and more than a dozen of bottled Cardini's dressing varieties are available today. Many other bottled versions are sold, too. Some recipes include one or more of mustard, avocado, tomato, bacon bits, garlic cloves, or anchovies. Even Cardini's Brand original Caesar dressing is somewhat different from Rosa's version [10] [11] in order to serve today's customer's and manufacturer's needs. Mustard on bread. ... Binomial name Mill. ... For other uses, see Tomato (disambiguation). ... Look up bacon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name L. Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. ... {{Taxobox classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Clupeiformes | familia = Engraulidae | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = Amazonsprattus Anchoa Anchovia Anchiovella Cetengraulis Coilia Encrasicholina Engraulis Jurengraulis Lycengraulis Lycothrissa Papuengraulis Pterengraulis Setipinna Stolephorus Thryssa }} The anchovies are a family large but uncommon schooling saltwater plankton-feeding fish. ...


Today, there are many variations. Many restaurants offer a more substantial salad by topping a Caesar salad with grilled chicken, salmon or shrimp. Certain Mexican restaurants even improvise on items such as substituting tortilla strips for croutons and Cotija cheese for the Parmesan. [12] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... Two cooked flour tortillas. ... Country of origin Mexico Region, town Michoacán, Cotija Source of milk Cow Pasteurized Depends on variety Texture Semi-hard Aging time 100 to 365 days Certification unknown Cotija cheese, or queso añejado (Spanish: aged cheese), is a semi-hard cows milk cheese which originates from Mexico. ...


Ingredients

  • Recipe according to Julia Child's description of her 1970's telephone interview with Rosa Cardini, 4 servings: [15]
    • 1/2 cup day-old bread, cubed
    • 3/4 cup garlic oil*, divided use
    • 2 small heads romaine lettuce
    • 1/2 teaspoon salt
    • 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground pepper
    • 2 eggs, coddled (boiled in the shell for 1 minute)
    • Juice of 2 medium lemons
    • 8-10 drops of Worcestershire sauce
    • 1/2 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese
      * = Quote: "To prepare the garlic oil, place 4-5 cloves of garlic, peeled and quartered, in a good quality (e.g. Extra Virgin) olive oil and let it stand at room temperature several hours or even up to 5 days."
  • Widely accepted, but unlikely to be original:
    • Freshly crushed garlic instead of garlic oil
    • mustard, powdered or prepared
    • anchovies

Romaine lettuce Romaine or Cos lettuce (often called simply Romaine or Cos) (Lactuca sativa L. var. ... Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. ... Binomial name L. Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... Vinegar is sometimes infused with spices or herbs—as here, with oregano. ... Binomial name (L.) Burm. ... 1900 advertisement Worcestershire sauce (IPA: (wuster-shur or wuster-sheer)) is a widely used fermented liquid condiment originally manufactured by Lea & Perrins, in Midland Road, Worcester, England. ... In cooking, to coddle food is to heat it in water kept just below the boiling point. ... An egg is a body consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing of some type, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parmigiano_Reggiano. ... Croutons in a bowl of French onion soup. ... Caper Categories: Plant stubs | Spices | Magnoliopsida ... Mustard on bread. ... The anchovies are a family (Engraulidae) of small but common fish. ...

Raw egg and salmonella

Some people are concerned about the safety of Caesar salads due to the potential risk of infection by salmonella bacteria occasionally found in raw eggs. This is a concern with many similar dressings like mayonnaise, though generally the pH level is thought to be acidic enough to kill those bacteria. Nevertheless, later versions of the recipe call at least for briefly-cooked coddled eggs or pasteurized eggs. Today, many recipes even omit the egg and produce a "Caesar vinaigrette". Yogurt is sometimes substituted for the eggs to maintain a creamy texture. However, purists disdain these alternatives which do not use raw eggs, as "not being true Caesar's salads". Species Salmonella bongori Salmonella enterica Salmonella arizonae Salmonella enteritidis Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness. ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see Mayonaise (song). ... The correct title of this article is . ... For alternative meanings see acid (disambiguation). ... In cooking, coddled eggs are slightly cooked eggs; see coddling. ... Pasteurization is the process of heating food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts. ... The word vinaigrette (from the French language) can refer to: An emulsion of vinegar (or sometimes lemon juice) and vegetable oil, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. ...


Caesar salad humor

  • The Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster performed sketches based on the popular idea that Caesar salad was invented by or for Julius Caesar. In one variant, Caesar's chef (Shuster) prepares a modern Caesar salad, and says, "You shall name this salad, Caesar." After a pause, Caesar (Wayne) replies, "I name it... coleslaw." Brutus then offers his knife to the cook when the cook disparages the new name.
  • Another joke, a pun, is set up by bandits who invade Julius Caesar's birthday party seeking lettuce. Caesar shows them a truly beautiful salad. The bandit chief then replies, "We come to seize your salad, not to praise it!"

Wayne and Shuster were a Canadian comedy duo formed by Johnny Wayne and Frank Shuster. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... A bowl of coleslaw Coleslaw (or cole slaw) is a salad consisting primarily and minimally of shredded, raw, white cabbage, although it often also includes shredded carrots. ... Ancient marble bust of Marcus Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (85 BC – 42 BC), or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, was a Roman senator of the late Roman Republic. ... A pun (also known as paronomasia) is a figure of speech, or word play which consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words within a phrase or phrases for rhetorical effect, whether humorous or serious. ...

References

  1. ^ "Cesar Cardini, Creator of Salad, Dies at 60", Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1956. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. “Cesar Cardini, 60, credited with the invention of the Cesar salad, died [...]” 
  2. ^ a b "Rosa Cardini", Telegraph, September 21, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. “Rosa Cardini, who has died in California aged 75, turned the salad dressing created by her father, Caesar, into a staple of modern dining and a million-dollar business. Although the origin of the Caesar Salad is a topic hotly debated by epicures, the generally accepted version is that it was first popularised in the United States in the late 1920s by an Italian immigrant, born Cesare Cardini. He and his brother Alessandro moved to San Diego from Milan after the Great War and then decided to open a restaurant just across the border in Tijuana, Mexico, to attract Americans frustrated by Prohibition.” 
  3. ^ 1987 interview with Rosa Cardini, for Mailpac Magazine, LA.
  4. ^ In "Hail Caesar", D. Grant quotes Aviator's salad and more (2007)
  5. ^ 1998 notes on claims:
    "Paul Maggiora, a partner of the Cardini's, claimed to have tossed the first Caesar's salad in 1927 for American airmen from San Diego and called it "Aviator's Salad. Caesar's brother Alex had claimed to have developed the salad (he too allegedly called it "aviator's salad"). Livio Santini claimed he made the salad from a recipe of his mother, in the kitchen of Caesar's restaurant when he was 18 years old, in 1925, and that Caesar took the recipe from him.
  6. ^ Moyey's Wine and Travel Blog from April 15, 2006 "Authentic Casar Salad, Caesars Sports Bar and Grill, Tijuana, Mexico"
  7. ^ Tijuana tourism board: Caesar's Palace, 8131 Revolucion Ave. [...]
  8. ^ above quoted D. Grant, → 'AVIATOR'S SALAD'
  9. ^ "My father always used Lea and Perrins Worcestershire sauce, and anchovies are one of its ingredients. [...] He meant this to be a subtle salad, and anchovies can be overwhelming." (Above quoted 1987 interview with Rosa Cardini)
  10. ^ Review on Caesar Salad, by "The Grumpy Gourmet," Doral Chenoweth, Quote:
    "Today the nearest to Cardini's recipe is a commercial Caesar dressing prepared and marketed by the Marzetti Co."
  11. ^ Marzetti's(R) "Cardini's(R) Original Caesar dressing" is made with soy oil and anchovies, and gluten free, by now – Information on ingredients given by manufacturer
  12. ^ Let's once more cite Chenoweth on this:
    "In my reviewing career I have found alleged Caesar salads in this country prepared with [...] [editor's note: almost anything]. It was there that I decided to take up the cause."
    "I walked from the border to Caesar's Bar & Grill, 5th and Main streets. The second floor ballroom was the salad restaurant. Two chefs were treating tourists to technique. They still use Cardini's preferred wooden bowls. My conversation with one of the chefs went like this:
    • Q - Where does the Romaine come from?
      A - Da states.
    • Q - Where does the grated Parmesan come from?
      A - Da states.
    • Q - Where do you get the eggs?
      A - From da chickens.
      Those answers were satisfying. I recrossed the border vowing to defend Caesar Cardini."
  13. ^ See "The original Caesar's salad" (JPG), as obtained by Doral Chenoweth
  14. ^ The Rosa Cardini recipe does not call for this. As there hardly will be found an Italian salad recipe of that time without any vinegar at all, this might be just an omission.
  15. ^ As given on the website "Who Cooked That Up?" by J.J. Schnebel; the page also gives an exact description of the procedure.

This just IN !!!:paris hiltons new dog. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Geography Tijuana is a city in northwestern Mexico. ... 1900 advertisement Worcestershire sauce (pronounced /Wus-t9r-sh9r/ sauce) also known as Worcester sauce (pronounced /Wus-t9r/ sauce) is a widely used fermented liquid condiment. ... 1900 advertisement Worcestershire sauce (IPA: (wuster-shur or wuster-sheer)) is a widely used fermented liquid condiment originally manufactured by Lea & Perrins, in Midland Road, Worcester, England. ...

External links

Wikibooks
Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on
Caesar salad
  • History of Salads.
  • How to make a Caesar Salad - 5 minutes Video shot, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.

Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ... Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a wiki for the creation of books. ...

Books

  • In Search of Caesar - The Ultimate Caesar Salad Book, Terry D. Greenfield, Tjicknor & Fields, 1983
  • What's Cooking America, Linda Stradley, Chehalem Publishing, 1997
  • The Dictionary of American Food & Drink, John F. Mariani, Ticknor & Fields, 1983.
  • The Food Chronology, James Trager, Henry Holt and Company, 1995.
  • From Julia Child's Kitchen, Julia Child, 1975. ISBN 0-517-20712-5

  Results from FactBites:
 
caesar salad, caesar's salad, ceasar salad (345 words)
Caesar experimented and that evening the Caesar's Salad was born.
or purists, caesar salads are made from simple, fresh ingredients, and contain fresh garlic (used to flavor the oil), cold, dried heart of romaine leaves, fresh ground pepper, a dash of salt, imported olive oil, fresh lemon juice, Worcestershire sauce (where the anchovy flavor came from), homemade croutons and Parmesan cheese.
a tribute to that honorable, captivating and nostalgic caesar salad.
Caesar Salad (813 words)
on the other hand, had her first Caesar Salad under the eye of Caesar himself, and he wasn't an Emperor of Rome, he was an Italian restaurateur and hotel keeper in Tijuana, Mexico.
In 1948 the Cardinis moved to Los Angeles to be closer to their patrons, and when people began bringing bottles for Caesar to fill with his salad dressing, a new cottage industry was born, and Cardini began packaging it for consumers all over the world.
Originally, Caesar left the lettuce leaves whole, and the salad was eaten with the fingers, but later he tore the outer leaves into 2-inch lengths, leaving only the small inner leaves whole, and the salad was eaten with a fork.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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